Police  Department,  ) 

Superintendent's  Office,       v 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  Aug.  2,  1892.  ) 

Mr.A.K  Costello: 

Dear  Sir  :  As  a  committee  of  the  Police  Commis- 
sioners appointed  to  inspect,  and  if  found  satisfactory  to 
approve  of  your  History  of  the  Police  Department  of  the 
City  of  JSTew  Haven,  we  take  pleasure  in  savins^  that  your 
book  is  acceptable  and  quite  complete. 

We  trust  that  the  books  will  find  ready  sale,  so  that 
your  efforts  may  be  appreciated  and  rewarded. 


{P^-iau. 


HISTORY 


OF   THE 


Police    Department 


OF 


NEW  HAVEN 

From  the  Period  of  the  Old  Watch  in 
Colonial  Days  to  the  Present  Time 


HISTORICAL  AND  BIOGRAPHICAL 


Police  Protection:  Past  and  Present 


THE    CITY'S   MERCANTILE    RESOURCES 


IL LUSTRA  TED 


T- • 

A.  E.  COSTELLO 


NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 
The  Relief  Book  Publishing  Co. 

1892 


INTRODUCTION 


T^'EW  people,  unless  they  have  taken  pains  to  study  the 
^  life  of  a  Policeman,  have  the  remotest  idea  of  what  is 
expected  of  him  or  the  hardships  and  dangers  he  has  to  un- 
dergo night  and  day.  He  is  expected  to  patrol  the  streets 
and  be  found  at  his  post  of  duty  whether  in  rain,  liail  or 
sunshine.  Not  only  is  he  required  to  care  for  the  lives  and 
property  of  citizens  while  they  sleep,  but  he  must  be  pres- 
ent at  every  lire  ;  must  be  present  to  preserve  peace  at  large 
gatherings,  political  meetings,  entertainments,  and  such  like ; 
he  is  supposed  always  to  be  able  to  enlighten  you  in  regard 
to  jDersons  as  well  as  places ;  he  must  be  an  escort  for  pro- 
cessions, for  lost  children,  the  sick,  injured  or  disabled,  and 
he  must  be  on  hand  to  protect  strangers  from  the  operation 
of  confidence  men  who  are  sure  to  be  found  in  every  city. 
He  must  report  fires,  broken  and  unlighted  gas  lamps,  look 
after  the  violation  of  the  city  ordinances,  and  perform  an 
infinite  range  of  other  work,  the  extent  of  which  the  public 
have  little  idea ;  so  numerous,  in  short  are  his  duties,  that  it 
would  seem  difiicult  for  him  to  remember  them.  People 
generally  expect  more  from  a  Policeman  than  they  reason- 
ably should,  and  they  are  not  aware  of  the  extra  burdens  in 
this  direction  that  are  placed  on  the  force,  and  most  of 


11,  INTKODUCTION. 

which  extra  duties  are  in  excess  of  the  regular  2)ohce  duties. 
There  is  no  other  department  of  the  city  government 
from  which  so  much  is  exacted,  and  none  for  which,  gen- 
erally, so  little  is  done;  neither  is  there  any  department 
where  the  conduct  of  employes  is  so  much  scrutinized. 
Upon  the  slightest  mistake  made  by  one  of  them  the  whole 
police  force  is  more  or  less  subject  to  criticism.  The  public 
have  no  idea  of  the  obstacles  with  which  police  officers  have 
to  contend ;  they  have  complainants  in  every  shape  arrayed 
against  them ;  sometimes  clad  in  broadcloth,  sometimes  in 
rags. 

The  duties  of  a  Policeman  are  arduous  in  the  extreme. 
His  work  is  more  carefully  scrutinized  than  that  of  any 
officer  in  any  other  branch  of  the  city  departments.  If  a 
mistake  is  made  by  any  member  of  the  Police  force,  it  is 
open  to  criticism,  and  oftentimes  the  entire  force  is  unjustly 
stigmatized  on  account  of  the  acts  of  an  individual  member. 

The  Detective  branch  of  the  service  is  one  of  great  im- 
portance ;  and  much  depends  upon  the  officer"  s  sagacity  and 
diligence  in  order  to  be  successful  in  working  up  criminal 
cases.  He  should  have  a  knowledge  of  the  criminal  classes, 
be  skillful  in  obtaining  facts,  and  expeditious  in  following 
them  up ;  have  quick  perception,  and  be  endowed  with  a 
good  share  of  common  sense,  which  is  really  one  of  the 
most  important  qualifications  for  the  position. 

Yery  many  important  changes  have  taken  place  in  the 
organization  of  the  Police  Department,  all  calculated  to 
bring  the  force  up  to  a  high  standard  of  efficiency,  since 
the  abolishment  of  the  old  Watch  Svstem,  in  1861.     First 


INTRODUCTION.  HI. 

ill  order  and  in  niagnitnde  came  the  adoption  of  a  police 
nniform.  This  placed  the  department  on  a  footing  with 
the  leading  police  organizations  of  the  conntr  j,  such  as  New 
York  and  Boston.  Thenceforward  the  work  of  progress 
was  uninterrupted.  The  features  that  distinguished  the 
best  police  systems  of  the  larger  cities  were  soon  adopted ; 
such  as  the  Gamewell  system  of  a  police  telephone  and  sig- 
nal service,  which  was  introduced  May  1, 1884.  Then  came 
other  important  measures  of  improvement,  namely,  the 
patrol  wagon  and  the  ambulance  service.  The  first  police 
van,  or  "Black  Maria,"  was  put  into  service  in  1873,  and 
the  same  year  the  male  and  female  prisoners  were  kept 
apart  from  ^acli  other.  Taken  as  a  whole,  in  all  essentials, 
Xew  Haven  can  boast  of  as  trustworthy  and  efficient  a  corps 
of  peace  officers  as  are  to  be  found  anywhere. 

About  half  a  century  ago,  the  police  lock-up  was  in 
what  is  now  the  American  Theatre  Building,  on  Church 
street.  It  was  moved  to  tlie  other  side  of  the  street,  a  few 
doors  below  Chapel ;  thence  to  an  upper  room  of  the  Globe 
Building,  corner  of  Chapel  and  Church  streets ;  and  after- 
ward to  the  basement  of  the  Old  State  House,  on  Green. 

When  the  City  Hall  was  built,  in  1861,  the  Pohce  quar- 
ters, Pohce  Court,  and  lock-up,  were  moved  thither.  A 
large  building,  exclusively  for  Police  and  City  Court  pur- 
poses, was  built  at  a  cost  of  about  $75,000,  on  Court  street, 
in  1873.  In  this  building  is  a  court  room,  a  large  room  for 
the  assembling  of  policemen,  a  room  w^ith  beds  for  officers 
on  night  duty,  wlio  must  attend  court  in  the  morning,  and 
a  large  drill  room,  besides  other  rooms. 


CHAFTEK  I. 

NEW    HAVEN    COMMERCIALLY    CONSIDERED. 

A  Floiu-isliins"  Manufacturing  Center— A  Spacious  Harbor— Superior 
Kailroad  Facilities— Numerous  Routes  of  Transportation— Coast- 
ing Vessels— Sliipments  to  Foreign  Countries— Period  of  British 
Occupancy— Days  of  the  Embargo— Financial  Panics— Banking. 

SITUATED  in  one  of  the  most  picturesque  locations  on 
the  Kew  England  coast,  at  the  confluence  of  Quinnipiac, 
Mill  and  West  rivers,  Xew  Haven,  with  a  population  of 
90,000  inhabitants,  ranks  as  the  third  city  in  the  New 
England  States.  Owing  to  the  natural  features  of  the  soil, 
the  salubrity  of  the  climate,  the  air  of  comfort  and  cleanli- 
ness which  characterize  the  inhal)itants,  combined  with  the 
e(pia1>le  temperature  maintained  during  the  summer  sea- 
son by  cooling  and  invigorating  breezes  from  Long  Island 
Sound,  it  is  the  most  healthful  maritime  city  in  the  world 
of  its  size,  the  temperature  seldom  rising  above  85°  or  fall- 
ing below  10°.  Typhoid  fever,  which  plays  such  havoc 
with  other  large  cities,  is  practically  unknown,  as  well  as 
other  contagious  diseases. 

Embosomed  in  the  ample  foliage  of  the  stately  elms 
which  line  the  streets,  surrounded  Avith  spacious  lawns  and 
beautiful  gardens,  the  city  presents  the  most  unique  and  at- 
tractive appearance.    It  has  long  been  famous  for  its  schools, 


8  NEW    HAVEN    CO^rMERCIALLY    CONSIDERED. 

colleges,  cliurclies  and  charitable  institutions,  but  chiefly  as 
the  seat  of  Yale  University,  which  ranks  as  the  largest  and 
most  distinguished  educational  establishment  in  the  coun- 
try, whose  1500  students  expend  81,000,000  annually  for 
board,  clothing,  books  and  necessary  expenses  of  the  collegi- 
ate term. 

As  a  manufacturing  center,  owing  to  the  facilities  for 
procuring  an  abmidant  supply  of  cheap  fuel,  Xew  Haven 
possesses  unrivaled  advantages  which  have  contributed 
largely  to  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  her  manufacturing 
industries.  Nearly  every  department  of  commerce  is  well 
represented  in  her  marts  of  trade  which  are  brought  into 
direct  communication  with  all  parts  of  the  country  by  six 
lines  of  railroad,  connectino-  the  city  with  the  markets  of 
the  East  and  West. 

Oyster  culture  forms  a  prominent  feature  of  the  industry 
of  the  population.  From  time  immemorial  the  channel 
of  the  Quinnipiac  river  was  a  natural  oyster  bed,  and  oys- 
ters grew  in  favorable  localities  in  the  hai'bor,  in  West 
river,  Stony  and  Oyster  rivers.  Numbers  of  the  principal 
growers  ship  oysters  to  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  a  con- 
siderable European  trade  has  been  established. 

The  spacious  harbor  of  New  Haven  affords  safe  anchor- 
age from  all  gales  from  east-southeast  around  northward  to 
west-southwest,  and  when  the  great  national  works  now  in 
course  of  construction  for  deepening  and  sheltering  the 
harbor  are  completed,  safe  anchorage  will  be  insured  from 
gales  on  every  side,  and  vessels  of  heavy  tonnage  drawing 
twenty-six  feet  of  water  can  safely  enter  the  port.     When 


NEAV    HAVEN    CO>[MERCIALLY    CONSIDERED.  \} 

these  improvements  are  carried  out  by  the  United  States 
government,  the  trade  and  commerce  of  the  "  City  of  Ehns  " 
will  receive  an  impetus  which  must  soon  place  her  in  the 
front  rank,  beside  the  populous  maritime  cities  on  the  East- 
ern seal)oard. 

The  commercial  importance  of  this  port  has  long  been 
known,  and  its  ability  to  collect  and  pay  into  the  treasury  of 
the  government  large  sums  of  money  is  proved  by  the 
records  of  the  Custom  House,  it  being  the  seventh  in  a  col- 
umn of  seaports  arranged  according  to  the  amount  paid  into 
the  treasury  of  the  United  States  for  duties  on  imports. 

Six  railroads  enter  the  city,  five  of  which  are  main  lines 
and  pass  through  many  important  towns.  Over  these  six 
roads  are  run  daily  seventy  passenger  trains,  and  fourteen 
passenger  trains  run  daily,  each  way,  from  the  city  to  New 
York.  By  means  of  these  roads  the  city  is  closely  connected 
with  all  points  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  which  can 
be  reached  with  the  least  possible  delay  and  expense. 

The  city  enjoys  excellent  facilities  for  exporting  goods 
to  foreign  countries,  particularly  where  there  is  now  spring- 
ing up  a  demand  for  American  goods.  This  is  a  field  of 
great  importance,  and  those  manufacturers  who  early  turn 
their  attention  to  it  will  get  from  it  rich  returns.  Manu- 
facturers already  located  here,  Avhile  enabled  to  get  every 
advantage  from  the  foreign  market,  can  also  readily  secure 
their  share  of  Western  and  Southern  trade,  owing  to  the 
rates  of  freight  being  arranged  upon  most  favorable  terms, 
and  to  all  New  England  freight  can  be  sent  as  cheaply  as 
from  Boston,  which  places  the  city  upon  equal  terms  with 


10  XEW    HAVEX    COMMERCIALLY    C0NSIDE:RED. 

the  other  Xew  England  towns.  The  city  is  witliin  two 
hours'  ride  of  N^ew  York,  four  of  Boston,  live  of  Philadel- 
phia and  nine  of  Washington. 

In  addition  to  these  regular  and  established  routes  of 
transportation,  there  is  a  constant  supply  of  coasting  vessels, 
of  good  carrying  capacity,  available  for  shipments  in  cases 
where  they  can  be  advantageously  used,  and  also  ready 
facilities  for  shipments  to  the  West  Indies  and  other  foreign 
countries.  Coal  is  brought  here  in  vessels  and  barges  direct 
from  the  outlets  of  the  mines  on  the  Jersey  coast,  and  a 
large  ti-ansshipment. trade  is  done  here  to  all  points  in  north 
and  western  Xew  England. 

Hubbard,  the  historian,  who  was  seA^enteen  years  of  age 
wlien  Xew  Haven  was  founded,  speaks  of  its  ''error  in 
great  buildings."  Poor  man!  how  simple  and  primitive 
were  his  notions  of  "great  buildingss"  One  cannot  forbear 
a  smile  Avhen  reading  the  following:  ''They  laid  out  too 
much  of  their  stocks  and  estates  in  building  of  fair  and 
stately  houses,  wherein  they  at  the  first  outdid  the  rest  of 
the  country."  But  one's  merriment  is  subdued  when  we 
know  that  there  were  some  family  mansions  in  those  days 
that  even  now  would  cause  curious  comment.  Such  an  one 
was  Governor  Eaton's,  which  was  so  large  as  to  have  nine- 
teen fireplaces.  A  description  of  this  building  would 
recall  one  of  the  grand  old  English  lordly  mansions  of 
feudal  days. 

But  the  average  dwelling-house  of  the  first  generation 
of  planters  was  far  from  approaching  in  spaciousness  and 
luxury  this  one  of  Governor  Eaton's,  which  was   by  far 


NEW    HAVEN    COMMERCIALLY    CONSIDERED.  11 

superior  to  them  all.  The  former  were  framed  buildings, 
those  of  the  better  class,  and  lower  in  rank  than  these  were 
log-houses,  or  rather  huts,  comparing  with  a  prairie  log 
cabin. 

As  a  commercial  center,  Kew  Haven  is  hardly  worth 
considering,  even  in  an  antiquarian  sense,  during  the  term 
of  the  British  occupancy.     The  year  ITTO,  says  Hollister, 
was  one  of  peculiar  interest  in  Connecticut.    The  merchants 
of  the  colony  had  kept  the  articles  of  agreement  entered 
into  with  those  of  Xew  York,  in  relation  to  the  non-impor- 
tation of  British  goods,  with  singular  fidelity.     The  growth 
and  spread  of  home  manufactures  were  the  principal  con- 
cern, and  means  were  devised  for  the  carryhig  out  to  the 
letter  the  non-importation  agreement.     The  zeal  in  behalf 
of  home  manufactures,   and  in  opposition  to  trade   with 
Britain,  increased  the  more  the  question  was  considered, 
until  the  popular  feeling  in  favor  of  domestic  manufactures 
grew  to  be  a  passion;  and  the  women,  even  more  than  the 
men,  vied  with  each  other  in  bringing  back  the  age  of  home- 
spun fabrics.     We  are  told  that  "the  sliding  of  the  shuttle, 
the  buzz  of  the  spinning  wheel,  the  bleaching  of  cloth  upon 
the  lawn  that  sloped  downward  from  the  kitchen  door  of 
the  family  mansion  to  the  rivulet  that  threaded  the  bottom 
of  the  glade,  found  employment  for  the  proudest  as  well  as 
the  humblest  female  in  the  land.'' 

This  spirit  of  commercial  resistance  soon  produced  the 

•desired  eifect.     The  Parliament,  frightened  by  the  stand 

taken  hj  the  colonists  in  regard  to  their  non-importation 

programme,  and  moved  by  petitions  from  British  merchants 


12  NEW    HAYEX    COMMEKCIALLY    CONSIDERED. 

whose  traffic  with  America  had  been  interrupted,  amended 
the  act  for  the  regulation  of  trade  so  as  to  remove  all  duties 
except  on  tea,  which  duty  was  retained  by  express  com- 
mand of  the  King,  for  the  sake  of  bearing  testimony  to  the 
right  of  England  to  tax  the  colonies.  It  was  the  old  dodge 
of  John  Bull,  played  so  often  and  successfully ;  while  yield- 
ing to  a  particular  pressure  of  public  opinion,  too  powerful 
to  withstand,  to  make  concessions  grudgingly,  and  then  only 
in  such  fashion  as  would  leave  a  chance  to  renew  the  oppres- 
sion, with  greater  violence,  on  the  first  favorable  opportu- 
nity. But  John  Bull  had  reckoned  without  his  host.  His 
cunning  and  greed  had^  caused  him  to  overreach  himself. 
The  stamp  act  was  his  crowning  folly.  It  cost  him  the  most 
precious  jewel  in  his  crown.  The  colonies  in  consequence 
were  forever  lost  to  England.  Verily,  a  striking  manifesta- 
tion of  the  adage  that  a  King  can  do  no  wrong.  If  all  his 
acts  were  to  bear  such  rich  fruit  few  indeed  would  be  in- 
clined to  question  the  wisdom  or  accuracy  of  the  statement. 

In  the  days  of  the  embargo  the  seamen  of  the  city  and 
artisans  of  every  kind  dependent  on  commerce  for  the 
means  of  subsistence  were  idle,  and  the  capital  of  those  who 
owned  ships  was  unproductive.  Traffic  of  every  description 
being  more  or  less  closely  connected  with  commerce,  was 
affected  by  this  paralysis  of  Xew  Haven's  principal  in- 
dustry. 

Anotlier  period  of  idleness  and  distress  was  produced 
during  the  war  of  1S12.  In  both  cases  the  depression  was 
accompanied  with  shrinkage  of  value,  the  destruction  of 
credit,  and  many  insolvencies.     Since  the  war  of  1812  there 


NEW    IIAVEX    COMMERCIALLY    CONSIDERED.  13 

have  been  four  crises  in  business  which  may  be  called  finan- 
cial panics,  because  produced  largely  by  suspicion  and  fear. 

The  first  of  these  j^anics  was  occasioned  l)y  the  failure 
of  the  Eagle  Bank,  September  19,  1825,  causing  a  destruc- 
tion of  $1,500,000  of  its  working  capital.  The  city  suffered 
from  the  paralysis  of  that  confidence  which  multiplies  capi- 
tal by  means  of  credit ;  in  consequence  of  which  every  kind 
of  property  shrank  in  value  as  expressed  in  money.  Ke- 
cuperation  from  this  dire  disaster  was  slow  and  tedious,  and 
its  effects  were  felt  for  many  a  year. 

In  1837  the  city  was  again  visited  by  another  financial 
panic;  but  this  time  the  disaster  was  felt  throughout  the 
country.  Its  history  began  with  the  removal,  in  1833,  of 
the  public  deposits  from  the  Bank  of  the  United  States  to 
State  banks  selected  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
This  measure  produced  a  great  derangement  in  the  business 
of  the  whole  country,  and  an  almost  total  suspension  of  the 
accustomed  action  of  the  financial  system.  The  rate  of  inter- 
est went  up  in  six  months  from  six  to  twelve  per  cent,  per 
annum ;  stocks  were  depressed ;  commodities  of  every  kind 
shrank  in  value ;  and  labor  felt  the  shock  even  more  than 
capital.  Mills  and  factories  shut  down  their  gates,  work- 
men were  discharged  and  wages  reduced. 

The  New  Haven  banks  all  suspended  specie  payments 
as  soon  as  they  heard  of  similar  suspensions  in  New  York ; 
all  except  the  City  Bank ;  and  old  and  conservative  firms 
Avere  obliged  to  go  into  liquidation.  The  effects  of  this 
financial  earthquake  remained  for  ten  years,  although  one 
Year  mav  be  res^arded  as  the  measure  of  the  panic. 


14  XEW    HAVEX    CO:NrMERCIALLY    CONSIDERED. 

The  year  1857  was  also  a  memorable  one,  as  the  period 
of  a  panic  that,  like  the  one  twenty  years  before,  extended 
throughout  the  country.  The  causes  of  both  panics  were 
similar :  the  contraction  of  specie.  In  the  latter  case  this 
contraction  was  owing  to  the  action  of  the  banks  in  New 
York,  in  diminishing  the  amount  of  their  liabilities  by 
refusing  to  discount,  as  a  necessary  measure  of  their  own 
safety.  By  the  end  of  the  year  the  banks  resumed  specie 
payment  and  contidence  was  restored;  but  the  panic  had 
"^  ruined  many  merchants  and  manufacturers,  and  caused 
severe  loss  to  many  others. 

In  1869,  during  the  progress  of  the  return  of  nominal 
values  to  the  standard  of  gold,  there  occurred  in  New  York 
a  fluctuation  in  the  price  of  gold,  creating  a  panic,  which  in 
New  York  was  known  as  "Black  Friday."  More  lasting 
and  severe  was  the  panic  of  1873,  caused  by  the  final  col- 
lapse of  the  inflation  consequent  upon  the  war  and  its 
expenditures.  Since  then  the  country  has  not  suffered  any 
more  such  shocks,  and  it  is  hoped  that  past  experience  will 
make  their  repetition  impossible  in  the  future. 

Banks  and  Bankers. — Less  than  a  hundred  years  ago 
a  single  bank,  with  a  capital  of  flfty  thousand  dollars,  suf- 
flced  for  the  wants  and  requirements  of  the  business  com- 
munity of  New  Haven.  This  was  their  only  reliance  for 
thirty  years,  until,  in  182-1,  the  Mechanics'  Bank  was  organ- 
ized. The  Eagle  Bank,  chartered  in  1811,  need  not  be 
taken  into  account ;  it  afforded  but  slight  aid  to  the  com- 
munity, and  failed  in  1825,  thus  doing  more  harm  than 
good. 


NEW    HAVEN    COMMERCIALLY    ( ONSIDEKEI).  15 

To-day  tlie  banking  capital  of  New  Haven  is  considerably 
more  than  live  inillions,  and  the  deposits  in  tlie  Savings 
Banks  amount  to  ten  million  dollars. 

All  the  New  Haven  banks,  except  the  City  and  Mechan- 
ics, organized  nnder  the  National  Banking  Act. 

The  New  Haven  Bank. — This  is  the  premier  bank  of 
New  Haven,  its  charter  dating  back  to  1792,  and  conse- 
quently has  passed  its  centenary  year.  It  was  not,  however, 
organized  until  1795.  Its  charter  was  amended,  October  of 
the  last  mentioned  year,  reducing  the  capital  to  |50,00U, 
with  privilege  of  increasing  it  to  $400,000.  On  the  first 
Thursday  of  July,  1796,  David  Austin  was  elected  presi- 
dent, and  AVilliam  Lyon  took  the  oath  of  office  as  cashier, 
who,  later  on,  was  voted  a  salary  of  $500  per  annum. 

Mechanics'  Bank. — Was  chartered  by  the  General 
Assembly  at  its  May  session,  1821.  Capital  stock,  $500,000 ; 
shares,  $100  each.  This  bank  has  been  an  educational 
institution,  where  many  men  have  graduated  to  fill  impor- 
tant financial  positions. 

The  City  Bank. — Was  chartered  May,  1831,  with  an 
authorized  capital  of  $500,000;  shares,  $100  each.  The 
bank  was  organized  in  December,  1831.  The  present 
banking-house  was  built  April  4,  1851, 

The  New  Haven  County  Bank. — Was  incorporated  in 
1834.  Capital  stock,  $500,000;  shares,  $25  each.  May  18, 
1859,  the  capital  was  reduced  to  $340,0(10,  and  shares  to  $8, 
with  privilege  to  increase  to  original  amount.  William  N. 
Elliott  was  the  first  president.  His  successors  have  been 
Henry  Hotclikiss,  Willis  Bristol  and  James  G.  English. 


16  NEW    HAVEX    COMMERCIALLY    CONSIDERED. 

Merchants'  Bank. — Incorporated,  1851.  Capital,  $500,- 
000;  shares,  §50  eaclL  Katlian  Peck  was  president  from 
its  incorporation  till  his  death.  He  was  succeeded  by  ex- 
Governor  Hobart  B.  Bigelow. 

QuiNNiPiAc  Bank,  now  The  Yale  Xational  Bank. — 
Was  organized  in  1853,  with  a  capital  of  $500,000.  This 
institution  organized  under  the  National  Banking  Act  as 
the  Yale  National  Bank,  with  a  capital  of  $750,000. 

Tradesmen's  Bank,  now  The  National  Tradesmen's 
Bank. — Was  incorporated  in  1854.  Capital,  $500,000; 
shares,  $100 ;  provided  the  whole  amount  be  called  in  within 
one  year  from  July  11,  1851:.  Xot  to  commence  business 
until  one-half  of  the  capital  be  paid  in ;  nor  loan  to  any 
individual,  copartnership  or  corporation  a  sum  exceeding 
ten  per  cent,  of  the  capital  actually  paid  in.  Xo  one  to 
hold  exceeding  $50,000  of  the  stock.  Charter  amended 
1855.  To  go  into  operation  when  $250,000  stock  was  sub- 
scribed for,  and  fifty  per  cent,  thereof  paid  in.  Xow  organ- 
ized under  the  Xational  Banking  LaAv  as  the  National 
Tradesmen's  Bank. 

Elm  City  Bank,  now  The  Second  JS'ational  Bank. — 
Was  incorporated  1854.  Capital,  $500,000;  shares,  $100; 
to  be  called  in  within  one  year,  and  to  commence  business 
when  one-half  paid  in.  Kot  to  loan  exceeding  ten  per  cent, 
of  capital  stock  to  any  one  individual,  etc.  Charter  amended 
1855.  Charter  again  amended  in  1857,  to  increase  the 
capital  $400,000.  Organized  under  the  National  Banking 
Law  with  a  capital  of  $1,000,000  as  the  Second  National 
Bank. 


John  Clancy, 
polke    commissioner. 


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Francis  E.  Hunn. 

POLICE    commissioner. 


NEW    HAVEN    COMMERCIALLY    CONSIDERED.  17 

The  First  National  Bank. — Organized  under  the 
^N'ational  Banking  Law,  1862.  It  was  the  iirst  bank  started 
under  that  act  in  New  England,  and  the  second  in  the 
United  States.  Capital,  $3UO,UU0.  Present  capital,  $500,- 
000 ;  surplus,  $120,000. 

Union  Trust  Company. — Incorporated  May,  1868. 
Capital,  $100,000 ;  surplus,  $20,000. 

JSTew  Haven  Savings  Bank. — Incoi-porated  1838. 
Assets,  $5,602,652.81;  surj^lus,  $210,000. 

Connecticut  Savings  Bank. — Incorporated  June  22, 
1857. 

Townsend  Savings  Bank. — Was  originally  incorj)orated 
as  the  Townsend  City  Savings  Bank,  June  23,  I860.  The 
name  changed,  as  above.  May  27,  1863. 

National  Savings  Bank. — Incorporated  June  20, 1866. 

New  Haven  Co-operative  Savings  Fund  and  Loan 
Association. — Incorporated  1881. 

Commerce. — The  commercial  enterprise  of  the  early 
Colonial  days  was  mostly  confined  to  trading  with  foreign 
and  domestic  ports.  As  early  as  1639  Lamberton  was  sail- 
ing for  trade  to  Virginia,  and  Goodman  Tapp  was  bringing 
cattle  from  Massachusetts  Bay.  The  early  records  of  the 
town  abound  with  entries  relating  to  its  commercial  inter- 
ests. The  commerce  was  foreign  as  well  as  coastwise ;  ves- 
sels sailed  to  England,  the  Barbadoes,  the  Bermudas,  and 
the  Azores,  as  well  as  to  Boston,  Salem,  Connecticut,  New 
Netherlands,  Delaware  Bay  and  Virginia.  At  first  success 
crowned  these  commercial  enterprises,  but  the  prosperity 
was  not  of  a  permanent  sort.     New  Haven,  failing  as  a 


18  XEW    HAVEN    COMMERCIALLY    CONSIDERED. 

prosperous  mart,  was  compelled  to  turn  to  agriculture  for 
sustenance,  which  proved  in  some  degree  successful. 

When  the  war  broke  out,  commerce  became  extremely 
hazardous.  The  war  caused  great  privations.  During  the 
revolution  the  commerce  of  ^N'ew  Haven  ceased. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  present  century  Kew 
Haven  had  a  considerable  commerce  with  European  ports. 
The  maritime  interests  of  tlie  place  rapidly  advanced  from 
1800  to  1804.  The  war  between  France  and  England,  and 
the  war  between  this  country  and  England  crippled  the 
maritime  interests  of  New  Haven  and  other  American 
ports. 

The  foreign  commerce  of  the  United  States  w^as  suddenly 
destroyed  by  an  act  of  Congress  of  December  22,  1807,  es- 
tablishing an  eml^ai'go,  its  chief  object  being  to  punish 
Great  Britain  for  searching  American  vessels  and  impressing 
American  seamen. 

These  stormy  seasons  passed,  the  foreign  commerce  of 
New  Haven  steadily  increased,  and  the  capital  now  invested 
in  ships  and  trade  with  foreign  countries  is  greater  than  at 
any  time  in  the  history  of  the  city.  The  coastwise  com- 
merce consists  chiefly  in  bringing  lumber  and  otlier  building 
materials  from  Maine  and  from  the  Western  and  Southern 
States. 


CHAPTER  11. 

NEW    haven's    first    POLICE    FORCE. 

A  Night  Guard  Composed  of  Sixteen  Men— Every  Niglit  at  Sundown 
the  Drum  was  Beaten — Constables,  Marshals  and  Tithingmen — 
The  Watch-house  was  Located  on  the  Market  Place— Duties  of 
the  Watch  Defined— Discharge  of  Guns,  Beating  of  Drums  and 
Calling  of  Fire,  Fire— Military  Companies— The  Marshal  and  tlie 
Town-drummer . 

l^EW  HAYEX'S  first  police  force  was  under  the  im- 
'^  mediate  oversight  of  tlie  Captain  (N'athaniel  Turner, 
a  Massachusetts  soldier  who  had  fought  in  the  Pequot  war), 
and  was  so  divided  that  the  men  of  the  town  watched  in 
turn  from  March  to  October  yearly.  Each  night  a  guard 
was  composed  of  six  men  and  the  master  of  the  watch.  In 
1642  there  were  in  all  thirty-one  separate  watches,  compris- 
ing two  hundred  and  seventeen  men.  Every  night  at  sun- 
down the  drum  was  beaten,  and  within  half  an  hour  the 
master  of  the  watch  must  be  "att  the  court  of  guarde," 
which  stood  on  the  Green.  Disorders  were  precluded  by  a 
provision  that,  in  making  up  the  watch,  "young  and  less 
satisfying  persons  shall  be  joyned  with  another  more  ancient 
and  trusty."  That  such  a  curb  was  necessary  appears  a  few 
years  later,  when  the  court  felt  compelled  to  prohibit  "any 


20  XEW    haven's    fie  ST    POLICE    FOKCE. 

from  sitting  with  the  watch,  as  it  had  been  a  ciistome  to 
doe,  whereby  they  idle  away  their  time." 

"The  Fonnders"  firmly  established  the  fundamental 
principle  that  all  government  sprung  from  tlie  Church. 
During  the  earlier  days  the  officers  of  the  Church  preserved 
the  peace  on  the  Lord's  day,  while  the  constables,  by  com- 
mon consent,  made  arrests  for  misdemeanors.  These  con- 
stables were  chosen  from  year  to  year.  If  but  rough  and 
uncouth  in  speech  and  severe  in  manner,  tlieir  qualilications 
for  the  office  were  considered  undisputed.  Obedience  to 
the  laws  was  compelled  by  marshals,  constables,  special 
constables,  tythingmen,  the  night  watch,  and  impounders, 
all  of  whom,  as  may  be  supposed,  exacted  ready  obedience 
to  the  laws  with  a  heavy  hand.  There  could  be  no  devia- 
tion from  the  straight  and  narrow  path.  In  those  days  the 
way  of  the  transgressor  was  23articularly  hard.  Human 
nature  was  confined  to  a  strait  jacket,  and  the  world,  the 
flesh  and  the  devil,  this  triple  headed  monster,  had  a  hard 
time  of  it  generally. 

The  collected  wisdom  and  godliness  of  the  town  was 
wont  to  assemble  for  prayer  in  the  meeting-house,  which 
was  in  the  center  of  the  market  place.  It  was  built  in  ac- 
cordance with  an  order  of  the  General  Court,  passed 
Xovember  25,  1639,  and  continued  in  use  till  16T0,  when 
its  successor  was  ready  for  occupancy. 

The  only  other  public  buildings  on  the  market  place 
were  a  school-house  and  a  watch-house.  The  latter  was  for 
the  comfort  of  the  watchmen  who  were  on  duty  at  niglit, 
and  on  Sundays  and  lecture  days  and  other  days  of  solemn 


21 

worship.  In  1645  it  was  "ordered  that  the  marketplace 
be  forthwith  cleared,  and  the  wood  carried  to  the  watch- 
house,  and  there  piled  for  the  use  and  snccor  of  the  watch 
for  four  years;"  after  the  lapse  of  which  time,  "it  was 
propounded  that  some  wood  might  be  provided  for  the 
watch."  The  sergeants  were  desired  "to  inquire  who  hath 
not  wrought  in  the  market  place,  that  they  might  cut  some 
wood  out ;  and  in  the  meantime  the  treasurer  was  to  pro- 
vide a  load." 

A  watch  ordinarily  consisted  of  one  intrusted  as  master 
of  the  watch,  and  six  other  watchmen.  A  part  of  their 
duties  is  thus  defined,  June  3d,  1640:  "The  master  of  the 
watch  is  to  set  the  watch  an  hour  after  sunset,  dividing  the 
night  into  three  watches,  sending  forth  two  and  two  together 
to  walk  their  turns,  as  well  without  the  town  as  within  the 
town  and  the  suburbs  also,  to  bring  to  the  court  of  guarde 
any  person  or  persons  whom  they  shall  find  disorderly,  or 
in  a  suspicious  manner  within  doors  or  without,  whether 
English  or  Indians,  or  any  other  stranger  whatsoever,  and 
keep  them  there  safe  until  the  morning  and  then  bring  them 
before  one  of  the  magistrates.  If  the  watchmen  in  any  part 
of  their  watch  see  any  apparent  common  danger,  which  they 
cannot  otherwise  prevent  or  stop,  then  they  are  to  make  an 
alarm  by  discharging  their  two  guns,  which  are  to  be 
answered  by  him  that  stands  at  the  door  to  keep  sentinel, 
and  that  also  seconded  by  beating  of  the  drum.  And  if  the 
danger  be  by  fire,  then  with  the  alarm  the  watchmen  are 
to  ci-y :  fire !  fire !  !  And  if  it  be  by  the  discovery  of  an 
enemv,  then  they  are  to  cry:   arm!    arm!!  all  the  town 


22  NEW  haven's  first  police  rOECE. 

over.  Yet  so  as  to  leave  a  guard  at  the  court  of  guard. 
The  master  is  to  take  care  that  one  man  always  stand  senti- 
nal  in  a  sentinal  posture  without  the  watch-house,  to  hearken 
diligently  after  the  watchmen,  and  see  that  no  man  come 
near  the  watch-house  or  court  of  guard ;  no  not  those  of 
the  present  watch  who  have  been  walking  the  road,  but  that 
he  require  them  to  stand,  and  call  forth  the  master  of  the 
watch  to  question,  proceed  or  receive  them  as  he  shall  see 
cause.  The  master  of  the  watch  is  also  to  see  that  none  of 
the  watchmen  sleep  at  all,  and  that  none  of  their  guns  re- 
main uncharged  till  the  watch  break  up,  and  also  that  no 
man  lay  aside  his  arms  while  the  watch  contmues.'- 

One  can  readily  imagine  the  frightful  state  of  excite- 
ment and  alarm  occasioned  the  inhabitants  by  the  operations 
of  this  worthy  watch.  What  between  tiring  guns,  bawling 
out  "fire,  fire,"  and  ''arm,  arm,"  when  their  duties  so  de- 
manded, these  watchmen  must  have  been  in  a  perpetual 
state  of  delirium,  occasioned  by  the  exciting  nature  of  their 
occupation,  riot  to  mention  the  agitated  feelings  of  the  pub- 
lic at  large. 

Each  of  the  New  England  colonies  had  its  military 
chieftain.  A  captain  was  as  necessary  as  a  magistrate.  The 
former  had  the  ordering  of  all  martial  affairs,  as  setting  and 
ordering  of  watches,  exercising  and  training  of  soldiers ; 
and  be  ready  at  all  times  to  do  whatsoever  service  the  occa- 
sions of  the  town  demanded.  Captain  Nathaniel  Turner, 
(1642)  was  by  virtue  of  his  oflice  chief  captain  of  the  watch, 
appointing  the  watch-masters  and  designating  the  watchmen 
to  be  subject  to  each,  though  not  without  the  approval  of 


NE\V    HAVEN  S    FIRST   POLICE    FORCE.  23 

the  magistrates.  ''  It  is  ordered  that  a  constant  and  strict 
watch  shall  be  kept  every  night  in  this  plantation  from  the 
Urst  of  March  to  the  last  of  October  every  year  ordinarily, 
leaving  extraordinary  cases,  either  of  mildness  or  of  sharp- 
ness of  weather  or  times  of  danger,  to  the  governor  and 
mas^istrates,  who  mav  remit  or  continue  the  watch  lons:er, 
or  increase  and  order  them  as  seasons  and  occasions  may 
require."  In  the  ordinary  course  the  watch  was  every 
night  to  consist  of  one  intrusted  as  master  of  the  watch 
(who  was  diligently  to  attend  and  observe  all  the  orders 
made  by  the  court  for  the  watch  while  they  remained  in 
force),  and  of  six  other  watchmen.  The  watch-master  was 
appointed  yearly,  and  the  six  w^atchmen  sorted,  as  was  most 
convenient  in  respect  to  the  location  of  their  dwellings,  by 
the  captain,  with  approbation  of  the  magistrates.  If  by 
death,  removal,  or  any  other  cause,  after  the  watches  were 
settled  in  their  course  for  the  year,  a  breach  should  be  made, 
and  so  cause  an  alteration,  the  captain  settled  it  again,  so 
that  the  service  might  go  on  without  interruption  or  dis- 
order. 

The  orders  for  the  watch,  a  part  of  which  is  quoted  as 
above,  did  not  stop  here.  The  record  shows  that  they  were 
passed  "at  a  court  holden"  at  the  time  specified,  when  "all 
the  masters  of  the  watches  received  their  charge  and  orders." 

When  the  following  rules  are  added  to  tlie  one  already 
quoted,  pandemonium  assuredly  must  have  broken  loose  in 
the  devoted  village  when  this  boisterous  band  was  whooping 
it  on  the  war-path : 


24 

"  The  drnnimer  is  to  beat  the  drum  at  the  going  down 
of  the  sun. 

"  The  master  of  the  watch  is  to  be  at  the  court  of  guard 
within  lialf  an  hour  after  the  setting  of  the  sun  with  his 
arms  complete. 

"All  the  watchmen  are  to  be  there  in  an  hour  after  the 
setting  of  the  sun,  with  their  arms  complete  and  their  guns 
ready  charged;  and  if  any  of  them  come  after  the  time 
appointed,  or  be  defective  in  their  arms,  they  are  to  pay 
one  shilling  fine ;  for  total  absence  five  shillings  fine.  And 
if  the  master  of  the  watch  transgress,  either  in  late  coming, 
defectiveness  in  arms,  or  total  absence,  his  fine  is  to  be 
double  to  the  watchmen's  fine  in  like  case. 

"  Every  master  of  the  watch  in  his  course  is  to  warn  both 
his  own  watch  and  the  master  of  the  succeeding  watch,  four 
and  twenty  hours  before  they  are  to  watch,  and  not  do  it 
slightly,  but  either  to  do  it  themselves  or  to  leave  the  warn- 
ing with  some  sufiicient  for  such  a  trust. 

"  Lastly,  if  any  master  of  the  watch  shall  fail  either  in 
the  warning  or  ordering  of  the  watch  in  an^^  of  the  fore 
named  particulars,  or  shall  Ijreak  up  the  watch  in  the  morn- 
ing before  it  have  been  full  half  an  hour  daylight,  or  neglect 
to  complain  to  one  of  the  magistrates  of  the  neglects  or  de- 
fects of  an}^  of  the  watchmen,  he  is  to  be  fined  by  the  court 
according  to  the  quality  of  his  offence." 

On  Sabbath  and  lecture  days,  and  other  days  of  solemn 
worship,  the  watch  was  kept  at  night.  It  was  ordered  that 
^'the  sentinels  and  they  that  walk  the  round  in  their  course, 
shall  dihgently  attend  their  trust  and  duty,  and  shall  have 


NEW    haven's    first   POLICE    FORCE.  25 

their  matches  lighted  during  the  time  of  meeting,  if  they 
serve  with  matchlock  pieces." 

At  first  all  who  belonged  to  the  watch,  that  is  to  say  all 
persons  subject  to  military  service,  were  required  to  come 
every  Lord's  day  to  the  meeting  completely  armed ;  and  all 
other  adult  males  were  required  to  bring  their  swords,  "no 
man  exempted  save  Mr.  Eaton,  our  pastor,  Mr.  James, 
Mr.  Samuel  Eaton,  and  the  two  deacons." 

Afterward,  when  the  military  company  had  been  divided 
into  four  squadrons,  it  was  ordered  that  one  squadron  in  its 
course  should  come  to  public  worship  with  arms  complete, 
and  "be  at  the  meeting-house  before  the  second  drum  hath 
left  beating,  their  guns  ready  charged  with  a  fit  proportion 
of  match  for  matchlocks,  and  flints  read}'  fitted  to  their  fire- 
lock pieces,  and  shot  and  powder  for  five  or  six  charges  at 
least." 

Such  a  guard  must  have  numbered  fifty  full-armed  men, 
and  one  hundred  and  fifty  more  equipped  with  swords; 
thereby  giving  to  the  public  service  quite  a  military  appear- 
ance; a  curious  mingling  of  the  church  militant  and  the 
church  triumphant. 

In  1647  "it  was  propounded  that  men  Avould  clear  wood 
and  stones  from  their  pale-sides,  that  the  watchmen  in  dark 
nio'hts  mio'ht  the  more  safelv  walk  the  rounds  without  hurt 
thereby."  The  pales  with  which  the  house-lots  were  in- 
closed were  in  some  cases  five  feet  high.  Tiie  avenues 
which  led  out  of  the  town-plat  were  prcvxled  with  gates, 
which  at  night  were  shut,  and  doubtless  locked. 


26  NEW  haven's  first  police  force. 

Thus  was  the  budding  city  protected,  within  and  without, 
from  all  kinds  of  disorderly  manifestations,  whether  the 
result  of  youthful  folly  or  downright  wickedness,  if  such 
could  exist  in  those  godly  days. 

Xew  Haven  differed  in  two  important  particulars  from 
the  other  colonies.  It  was  part  of  its  "  fundamental  law  " 
that  only  church  members  should  be  free  burgesses  or  voters. 
The  second  particular  was  in  the  disuse  of  juries.  In  the 
plantation  courts,  and  the  courts  of  the  jurisdiction,  the 
judges  determined  all  questions  of  fact,  as  well  as  of  law, 
and  of  discretionary  punishment. 

The  first  election  sermon  ever  preached  in  Isew  Haven 
was  delivered  by  Mr.  Davenport.  As  assistants  to  the  mag- 
istrate four  deputies  were  elected,  Messrs.  Robert  Coewman, 
Matthew  Gilbert,  IS'athaniel  Turner  and  Thomas  Fugill. 
Robert  Seeley,  who  performed  the  duties  of  constable,  was 
entitled  "Marshall."  He  was  ordered  to  "warne  courts  ac- 
cording to  the  direction  of  the  magistrate;  to  serve  and 
execute  warrants ;  to  attend  the  courts  at  all  times,  to  be 
ready  and  diligent  in  his  person  or  by  his  deputy  to  exe- 
cute sentences ;  and  in  all  other  occasions  to  attend  the  ser- 
vice of  the  plantation  in  all  things  appertaining  to  his 
office."  The  novelty  of  court  meetings  soon  wore  away, 
and  attendance  was  enforced  by  compulsory  methods.  After 
IS'ovember  7,  16-12,  any  freeman  who  failed  to  put  in  an 
appearance  before  the  end  of  the  roll-call,  was  fined  Is.  6d. ; 
planters  who  were  not  freemen  atoned  for  similar  absence 
by  the  payment  of  one  shilling.  The  magistrate  summoned 
the    General   Court   through   the   marshal's  warning,  and 


27 

the  meeting  assembled  at  the  beating  of  the  town  drum. 
The  jurisdiction  of  the  monthly  court  of  Magistrate  Eaton 
and  his  four  deputies  was  at  first  wide  and  vague.  He  took 
cognizance  of  any  matters  that  seemed  to  the  magistrate 
worthy  of  immediate  decision.  He  sent  drunkards  to  the 
whipping-post,  registered  w^lls  and  administered  estates, 
heard  civil  suits,  and  established  the  watch  with  the  regula- 
tions appertaining  thereto. 

The  influence  of  the  magistrate  was  paramount  in  courts 
of  every  description.  The  four  deputies  chosen  in  the  au- 
tumn of  1 642  were  expressly  told  that  they  might  assist  the 
court  by  way  of  advice,  but  should  have  no  power  of  sen- 
tencing. 

In  1643  the  magistrates  of  the  town,  four  in  number, 
were  elected  by  the  Colonial  Legislature  upon  nomination 
by  the  freemen.  It  was  the  nondescript  rabble  that  made 
drunkenness  prominent  in  the  judicial  annals  of  the  town. 
Drunkenness  even  invaded  the  precincts  of  the  church  and 
caused  excommunications. 

In  a  community  where  every  man  was  an  armed  police- 
man, there  was  a  peace  oflicer,  known  by  the  title  of  mar- 
shal. In  1642  he  was  desired  to  perform  the  part  of  a 
universal  pound-keeper.  After  January,  1643,  Marshal 
Seely  was  authorized  to  receive  fees,  four  pence  each  for  a 
w^arrant  or  sunnnons;  for  serving  an  "attachment,"  six 
pence.  Every  prisoner,  for  the  privilege  of  being  locked 
up,  must  pay  to  him  one  shilling.  When  the  town  had 
passed  under  a  colonial  government,  a  stated  salary  of  three 
pounds  per  annum  took  the  place  of  the  former  fees.     In 


28  NEW  haven's  first  police  force. 

1645,  the  marshal  was  ordered  to  be  town  crier,  and  to  re- 
ceive one  penny  for  every  "cry"  from  the  owner  of  the 
thini?  lost,  if  he  could  find  him.  For  a  short  time  after  1645 
the  destruction  of  corn  by  hogs  caused  the  court  to  appoint 
the  marshal  also  as  a  viewer  of  fences.  In  October  of  the 
same  year  he  was  named  keeper  of  the  hooks  and  hinges  of 
the  town  gates,  "least  they  be  lost."  Finally  he  sustained 
in  part  the  responsibility  of  a  tithingman.  The  traditional 
duties  of  tithingmen  were  divided  between  the  corporals 
and  the  marshal.  In  1653  the  marshal  received  a  general 
commission  entitling  him  to  seek  out  and  seize  all  straying 
boys  on  the  sabbath,  and  to  bring  them  into  church. 

Next  to  the  marshal  in  importance  and  versatility  of 
functions  came  the  Town  Drummer.     His  principal  tasks  at 
first  were  connected  with  the  watch  and  ward,  and  he  was 
supported  by  the  watch.     Later  (1612)  every  planter  was 
taxed  for  his  support ;  his  yearly  salary  averaged  from  four 
to  five  pounds.     Kobert  Bassett  (who  was  a  mixture  of  rake 
and  harum-scarum)  was  the  most  noted  of  the  town  drum- 
mers.   He  must  drum  every  morning,  "lialfe  an  hour  before 
day  in  the  market  place,  and  in  some  of  the  streets."     The 
last  watch  was  ordered  to  call  him  one  hour  before  day,  and 
"  to  walke  with  him  as  a  guard  while  he  continues  beating." 
The  town  drumm.er  flourished  until  the  advent  of  the  first 
bell  in  1681,  and  even  then  he  was  but  gradually  suspended. 
The  first  Townsmen  or  Selectmen  of  Xew  Haven  were 
appointed  by  the  court,  November  17,  1651.     At  first  their 
power  was  hmited  to  the  simple  duties  of  looking  "about 
fences,  swine,  and  all  other  things  in  the  generall  occasions 


NEW    haven's    first    POLICE    FORCE.  29 

of  the  towne,  except  extraordinary  charges,  matters  of  elec- 
tion in  May  yearly,  and  tlie  disposeing  of  the  towne's 
land." 

In  1659  the  Townsmen  were  supreme  in  New  Haven's 
administration.  In  W(\0,  they  gained  access  to  the  financial 
management  of  the  town.  In  proof  of  the  primitive  policy 
of  the  laws  (1665)  the  following  order  is  quoted:  "The 
Townsmen  shall  see  that  at  least  one  roome  of  the  prison 
is  made  safe  for  prisoners." 

In  1668  there  were  three  constables,  two  for  New  Haven 
and  one  for  the  "Iron-Worke,"  as  East  Haven  was  called. 
There  were  three  town  election  days  in  the  year,  one  in  the 
spring,  when  tlie  greater  number  of  offices  were  filled  ;  one 
in  Sej^tember,  to  choose  Deputies  to  the  fall  meeting  of  the 
Assembly ;  and  one  in  November,  for  the  election  of  con- 
stables. 

The  marshal  had  faded  out  of  existence  as  a  public  func- 
tionary, making  way  for  the  tithingman.  The  town,  De- 
cember 16, 1678,  commissioned  "William  Payne  and  Samuel 
Hemingway  to  take  a  stick  or  wand  and  smite  such  as  are 
unruly,  or  of  uncomely  behavior  in  ye  meeting,  and  to  ac- 
quaynt  their  parents."  On  December  16,  1723,  seven 
tithingmen  were  chosen  in  town-meeting,  two  each  for  the 
First  Society,  for  West  Haven,  for  East  Haven,  and  one 
for  North  Haven. 

Little  more  need  be  said  about  the  doings  of  the  city 
fathers  for  half  a  century  or  more,  as  the  system  outlined 
remained  practically  the  same  and  was  subject  to  but  slight 
alterations.     The  tow^n  increased  considerably,  as  it  may  be 


30  NEW  haven's  fiest  police  force. 

supposed,  in  wealth  and  population;  and  with  this  prosper- 
ity came  a  change  of  heart  in  municipal  affairs  that  was  not 
very  commendable.  In  1782  the  first  attempt  was  made  to 
find  some  better  way  of  caring  for  the  poor,  but  the  result 
was  a  failure,  and  in  January,  1783,  the  selectmen  were 
again  commissioned  to  ''sell  the  town  poor,  that  they  may 
be  supported  in  the  cheapest  manner."  This  brings  us  to  a 
period  fraught  with  great  interest  to  Xew  Haven,  when  the 
evolution  of  a  township  into  a  city  has  to  be  recorded. 


CHAPTER  III. 

A    PERMANENT    WATCH    ESTABLISHED. 

Superiuteudents  and  Chiefs— The  Night  Watch  Discoutinued — Seri- 
ous Collisions  Between  Students  and  Citizens— Major  Bissell's 
Presence  bf  Mind — The  Foundation  of  the  Present  Police  Sys- 
tem— A  Ne^y  Departure  in  Police  Protection. 

After  February  10,  1784,  the  city  of  'New  Haven  was  an 
organized  fact.  The  act  of .  incorporation  secured  to  the 
infant  city  little  more  than  improved  judicial  machinery. 
The  major  part  of  what  was  deemed  public  duty  was  left 
to  the  town.  The  first  business  of  the  first  Court  of  Com- 
mon Council  under  the  new  city  charter,  was  a  vote  to 
remove  the  jail  from  the  public  square,  where  it  had  stood 
for  over  a  century  by  tlie  churches  on  the  Green. 

The  first  action  taken  l)y  the  city  in  regard  to  police  pro- 
tection was  on  January  13,  1820,  when  the  common  council 
passed  the  following : 

"  That  a  niglit  watch  in  and  for  said  city  shall  be  estab- 
lished and  kept  under  the  direction  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Council  when  and  so  often  as  in  the  opinion  of  said  Court, 
the  same  shall  be  expedient,  and  for  that  purpose  said  Court 
shall  appoint  not  to  exceed  seven  discreet  citizens  to  act  as 
superintendents  of  the  watch  and  not  to  exceed  fifty  discreet 


32  A    PERMAXEXT    WATCH    ESTABLISHED. 

citizens  to  act  as  watchmen  at  the  pleasure  of  said  Conrt, 
under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  from  time  to  time 
be  estabhshed,  and  in  preserving  the  peace  and  suppressing 
disorder,  said  watchmen  shall  have  while  in  execution  of 
their  duty  the  same  power  and  authority  as  are  by  the  laws 
of  the  State  vested  in  constables." 

In  A^^ril  of  the  same  year,  it  was  voted  that  a  list  be 
made  of  fifty  ''discreet"  persons,  wliose  names  were  to  be 
arranged  in  alphabetical  order  and  they  to  serve  in  squads  of 
eight  men  each  in  the  order  of  arrangement,  until  all  had 
stood  their  turn.  This  watch  began  duty  at  nine  o'clock, 
after  which  time,  every  law  abiding  person  was  supposed  to 
be  wrapt  in  slumber,  and  served  until  daybreak,  on  Monday, 
Tuesday,  Wednesday,  Thursday  and  Friday  nights,  and  on 
the  nights  of  general  elections  and  college  commencements. 
The  Sabbath  was  kept  holy,  even  by  the  watch,  who  ab- 
stained from  watching. 

For  their  services  the  superintendents  received  $1.50 
per  night,  and  the  watchmen  were  paid  §1  between  Xovem- 
ber  1  and  April  1.  For  the  remainder  of  the  year  twenty- 
five  cents  per  night  was  deducted  from  all,  presumably  be- 
cause the  weather  was  less  trying  and  severe.  The  only  re- 
cpiirement  in  regard  to  uniform  or  equipmerit  of  the  night- 
watch  of  this  period  seems  to  be  found  in  the  regulations  of 
April,  1S20,  which  made  it  obligatory  upon  the  night- 
watchmen  to  carry  suitable  staffs,  three  feet  in  length.  At 
a  later  period  a  star  shield  was  worn. 

Nathan  Peck,  Luther  Bradley,  and  EHhu  Monson  were 
appointed  superintendents,  and  hence  were  the  first  chiefs 


Hon.  Carlos  Smith, 
president  board  police  commissioners. 


Frank  S.  Andrew, 
police  commissioner. 


A    PEKMAXENT    AVATCH    ESTABLISHED.  33 

of  police  of  Xew  Haven.  Mr.  Monson,  John  Scott  and 
Joel  Atwater  were  appointed  the  next  year,  and  January 
IT,  1S2-J:,  Mr.  Monson,  W.  H.  Ellis,  John  Scott  and  Timo- 
thy Fowler  were  appointed  over  a  watch  of  twenty  men,  to 
serve  when  called  out  by  the  mayor,  in  squads  of  two  suj^er- 
intendents  and  ten  men  each.  John  Scott  was  the  only  in- 
cumbent who  was  reappointed  in  182 6,  with  Sheldon  Hotch- 
kiss  as  his  colleague.  They  were  succeeded  by  James  C. 
Parker,  Justin  Eedfield,  Enos  A.  Prescott  and  Henry  Peck. 
During  1835  two  of  the  night  watchmen  were  Roger  S. 
Baldwin,  afterwards  Governor  of  the  state,  and  Ralph  I. 
Ingersoll,  who  just  missed  being  President  of  the  United 
States.  The  night-watch  served  from  week  to  week,  or 
longer,  and  were  called  out  at  the  discretion  of  the  mayor. 
In  1836  steps  were  taken  to  organize  a  permanent  watch, 
and  Henry  Peck  and  Enos  A.  Prescott  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  prepare  plans  for  such  an  organization  and 
estimate  the  probable  ex23ense.  This  action  resulted  in  the 
appointment,  the  following  spring,  of  a  permanent  watch  of 
ten  men  to  serve  a  year.  The  appointees  were  required  to 
give  a  bond  to  serve  out  their  term  of  enlistment.  Mayor 
Flagg  was  chosen  su|)erintendent  at  a  salary  of  $125  per 
annum,  and  the  watchmen's  compensation  was  fixed  at  $1 
per  night.  The  dreaded  Jesse  Knevals  became  captain  at  a 
salary  of  $2  per  day,  thus  receiving  the  distinction  of  being 
the  first  captain  of  the  watch.  But  his  days  of  constabulary 
duty  were  drawing  to  a  close,  and  he  resigned  soon  after, 
being  succeeded  by  Hezekiah  Gorham,  who  was  followed 
in  turn  by  Hezekiah  Gilbert  and  Jobamah  Gunn.     The  lat- 


34  A    PERMANENT    WATCH    ESTABLISHED. 

ter  by  special  vote  of  the  common  council  was  allowed,  in 
addition  to  his  salary,  the  snm  of  $10  a  year  for  stationery. 
An  economical  spirit  took  possession  of  the  city  fathers  at 
this  period  and  the  "watch"  had  been  reduced  to  four  men 
at  seyentj-iive  cents  a  night,  when  in  1842,  at  a  freeman's 
meeting,  the  common  council  was  instructed  to  discontinue 
the  "night-watch"  altogether.  Mayor  Flagg's  successors 
as  superintendents  of  the  permanent  watch,  up  to  the  time 
it  was  discontinued,  were  Enos  A.  Prescott,  Zelotes  Day, 
Eli  B.  Austin,  Morris  Tyler,  Abraham  A.  Thompson,  Elislia 
Dickerman,  Jr.,  and  Leverett  Sheppard,  respectively.  Mat- 
ters relating  to  the  night-watch  were  the  principal  subjects 
of  debate  at  the  meetings  of  the  common  council  and  often 
assumed  yery  considerable  proportions.  The  extended  in- 
fluence of  many  of  the  watchmen  tended  towards  the  exer- 
cise of  wide  liberty  on  their  part  in  service  of  the  public. 
From  1843  to  1848  the  city  had  no  regular  watch. 

Frequent  collisions  Ijetween  students  and  the  "  townies," 
as  the  local  youth  were  called,  and  the  almost  inevitable 
conflict  whenever  a  fire  broke  out,  caused  by  the  intense 
rivalry  of  the  various  fire  companies,  augmented  the  demand 
for  a  constalmlary,  which  was  recognized  in  1848  by  the 
re-establishment  of  a  permanent  watch.  Major  Lyman 
Bissell,  an  ofiicer  of  the  Mexican  war,  who  had  already  won 
fame  and  a  national  reputation,  was  appointed  captain,  and 
practically  assumed  the  duties  of  superintendent,  that  oflice 
vesting  itself,  from  this  time  on,  in  the  mayor,  cc-ojficio. 
It  was  during  Major  Bissell's  seven  years'  administration 
that  the  Xew  Haven  niolit-watch  achieved  its  cri'eatest  dis- 


A   PERMANENT   WATCH    ESTABLISHED.  35 

tiiictioii.  The  red  letter  night  of  his  administration  is  thns 
described  by  Henry  Howe.  "  Forty  years  ago  the  only  thea- 
ter, Ilonian's,  was  in  the  Exchange  Building,  where  the 
town  boys  and  students  were  wont  to  gather  for  amusement. 
Everything  seemed  ripening  for  a  mob  to  culminate  in  a 
tragedy.  The  excitement  grew  intense,  and  furious  threats 
filled  tlie  air  from  the  town  boys.  About  seventy  students 
were  there  for  mutual  protection,  and  when  they  issued 
from  the  hall  a  mob,  numbering  thousands,  filled  the  streets 
in  front,  awaiting  their  exit.  The  police  force  all  told  num- 
bered eighty  men,  commanded  by  Captain  Lyman  Bissell, 
who  had  been  an  ofiicer  in  the  Mexican  war.  By  the  advice 
of  Chief  Bissell  the  students  moved  too;ether  on  the  south 
side  of  Chapel  street,  on  a  line,  two  by  two,  up  toward  the 
college,  the  mob  keeping  close  behind  them,  filling  the  air 
with  bowlings.  Wlien  the  students  had  got  nearly  to  the 
top  of  the  hill,  opposite  the  club  house,  the  leader  of  the 
mob  rushed  forward  and  seized  a  student  by  the  neck. 
Suddenly  he  let  go  his  hold,  staggered  back,  and  fell  dead. 
A  knife  in  the  hands  of  the  student  had  penetrated  his 
heart. 

.'*The  body  was  taken  to  the  Glebe  building.  The  stu- 
dents, followed  by  the  mob,  reached  the  campus  and  retired 
to  their  rooms.  Soon  Chief  Bissell  heard  the  rattling  of  the 
caisson  of  a  piece  of  artillery  passing  in  the  street.  There 
Avere  then  no  city  lamps  and  the  night  was  pitch  dark.  He 
followed  the  rioters.  They  loaded  the  piece  to  the  muzzle 
with  cannon  balls,  grape-shot,  stone,  pieces  of  brick,  etc., 
and  drew  it  up  before  South  College,  to  batter  down  the 


3b  A    PERMANEXT    WATCH    ESTABLISHED. 

walls.  But  this  design  was  frustrated  by  Chief  Bissell  hav- 
ing spiked  the  gun  ;  an  act  that  in  all  probability  prevented 
a  bloody  tragedy." 

John  C.  Hayden  succeeded  Major  Bissell,  and  served  un- 
til 1857.  It  was  during  his  term  that  by-laws,  which  con- 
stituted the  most  elaborate  set  of  rules  for  the  government 
of  the  watch  up  to  that  time,  were  adopted  by  the  Court  of 
Common  Council.  They  provided  that  not  to  exceed  fifteen 
men  with  a  superintendent  and  captain,  should  be  appointed, 
that  the  mayor,  with  the  consent  of  a  majority  of  the  com- 
mon council,  might  remove  any  ofhcer  or  watchman  for  a 
violation  of  any  of  the  established  rules  and  if  any  watch- 
man neglected  to  faithfully  keep  watch,  he  should  forfeit 
$2  to  the  city  treasury.  Mr.  Hayden  was  succeeded  by 
Frederick  P.  Gorham  and  Elihu  Yale,  but  in  1860,  was 
again  reappointed  and  his  term  expired  with  the  old  "  night 
watch"  system  itself,  which  gave  place  to  a  regular  police 
department  deriving  its  authority  by  a  legislative  charter, 
which  was  the  birth-right  of  the  present  splendid  police 
department  of  which  New  Haven  is  so  justly  proud. 

The  "watch  "  which  had  existed  in  a  more  or  less  organ- 
ized state  since  the  city  was  chartered,  while  of  little  value  as 
a  protection  against  the  dangers  to  life  and  property,  which 
threaten  a  growing  seaport  city,  yet  inspired  great  terror 
among  mischievous  boys.  One  of  the  most  notable  of  the 
officers  was  Dr.  John  Skinner,  who  made  arrests  without 
warrant  from  Court  or  Justice  of  the  Peace,  at  his  own 
pleasure.     He  was  distinguished  by  a  black  mark  on  his 


A   PERMANENT   WATCH    ESTABLISHED.  37 

proiiiiiieiit  nasal  orgvan,  and  a  sharp  voice.  Constables  Mun- 
son  and  Knevals  were  of  the  same  class. 

Half  a  century  ago  the  lock-np  was  on  Church  street,  on 
the  site  of  the  American  Hall,  later  it  was  moved  np  the 
street  to  a  few  doors  below  Chapel  and  from  thence  to  the 
Glebe  building  on  the  corner.  The  next  removal  was  to 
the  basement  of  the  old  State  House  where  it  remained  un- 
til 1861,  when  City  Hall  was  built. 

In  1S42  a  city  meeting  instructed  the  common  council  to 
abolish  the  regular  standing  city  watch,  and  discontinue  the 
employment  of  regular  watchmen.  In  1845  the  employ- 
ment of  a  special  night  watch  was  authorized.  In  1848  a 
watch  of  ten  men  was  appointed.  Alderman  Isaac  Thom- 
son was  made  superintendent. 

Jobamah  Gunn  was  the  first  regular  captain  of  the 
watch,  the  second  being  Hezekiah  Gorham.  He  was  fol- 
lowed in  ofiice  by  William  Daggett.  I^ext  Mr.  Gorham's 
son  became  captain,  and  in  1855  Lyman  Bissell  Avas  at  the 
head  of  the  watch. 

Major  Bissell  was  succeeded  by  John  C.  Hay  den,  on 
July  1,  1855,  who  served  until  June  4,  1857.  Frederick 
P.  Gorham  served  from  June  16,  1857  to  June  22,  1859; 
Elihu  Yale  from  June  21,  of  that  year,  to  June  15,  1860; 
and  John  C.  Hayden  was  again  captain  until  June  21, 1861. 

When  Harmanus  M.  Welch  was  mayor,  in  1861,  John 
C.  Hollister,  David  J.  Peck,  William  B.  Johnson,  George 
H.  Watrous  and  George  A.  Chapman  were  appointed  a. 
committee  to  examine  "A  Bill  for  the  Organization  of  a 
Police  Department  for  the  City  of  Xew  Haven,"  then  pend- 


38  A    PEKMANEXT    WATCH    ESTABLISHED. 

ing  before  the  General  Assembly,  and  promote  its  passage. 
This  was  the  beginning  of  the  foundation  of  the  present 
police  system. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Police  Commissioners 
thus  created,  was  held  July  6,  1861,  when  rules  for  the 
government  of  the  police  force  were  adopted.  In  Septem- 
ber a  uniform  was  adopted  for  the  men. 

SUPEEINTENDEXTS    OF   THE    NIGHT   WATCH. 

Xathan  Peck,  Luther  Bradley,  Elihu  Monson,  appointed 
April  28,  1820. 

Elihu  Monson,  John  Scott,  Joel  Atwater,  appointed 
September  4,  1821. 

Elihu  Monson,  William  H.  Elliott,  John  Scott,  Timothy 
Fowler,  appointed  January  IT,  1821. 

John  Scott,  Sheldon  Hotchkiss,  appointed  September 
11,  1826. 

James  C.  Parker,  Justin  Kedfield,  appointed  September 
6,  1831. 

Enos  A.  Prescott,  Henry  Peck,  appointed  December  23, 
1835. 

Henry  C.  Flagg,  Mayor,  from  June  20,  1837,  to  1839. 

Enos  A.  Prescott,  Mayor,  from  June  21,  1839,  to  1811. 

Zelotes  Day,  Eli  B.  Austin,  Morris  Taylor,  Abraliam  A. 
Thompson,  appointed  July  6,  1811. 

Elisha  Dickerman,  Jr.,  Morris  Tyler,  Abraham  A. 
Thompson,  Leverett  Sheppard,  appointed  August  2,  1812. 

Abraham  A.  Thompson,  from  December  20,  1818,  to 
1818. 


A    TERM  AN  EXT    WATCH    ESTABLISH  EI).  39 

Henry  Peck,  Mayor,  from  June  11,  1849,  to  1S5(>. 
Aaron  K.  Skinnei*,  Mayor,  from  June  10,  1850,  to  1854. 
Cliauncey  Jerome,  Mayor,  from  June  12,  1854,  to  1855. 
Alfred  Blakeman,  Mayor,  from  June  11,  1855  to  1856. 
Philip  S.  Galpin,  Mayor,  from  July  7,  185.6,  to  1860. 
HarmanusM.  Welch,  Mayor,  from  June  14,  I860  to  1863. 
Morris  Tyler,  Mayor,  from  June  3,  1863,  to  1865. 
Erastus  C.  Scranton,  Mayor,  from  June  6, 1865,  to  1866. 
Lucien  W.  Sperry,  Mayor,  from  June  5,  1866,  to  1869. 
William  Fitch,  Mayor,  from  June  1,  1869,  to  1870. 
Henry  G.  Lewis,  Mayor,  from  June  7,  1870,  to  — 

CAPTAINS    OF    THE    WATCH. 

Jesse  Knevals,  from  January  5,  1836,  to  1836. 
Hezekiah  Gorham,  from  July  27,  1836,  to  1837. 
Hezekiah  Gilbert,  from  June  20,  1837,  to  1838. 
Jobamah  Gunn,  from  July  10,  1838,  to  1843. 
*Lyman  Bissell,  from  December  23,  1848,  to  1855. 
John  C.  Hay  den,  from  June  11,  1855,  to  1857. 
Frederick  P.  Gorham,  from  June  15,  1857,  to  1859. 
Elilm  Yale,  from  June  20,  1859,  to  ie60. 
John  C.  Hayden,  from  June  14, 1860,  to  1861. 

•The  watch  was  discontinued  Octoher  17, 1843,  to  1848. 


CHAPTEK  lY. 

POLICE    DEPARTMEXT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    XEW    HAVEX. 

Abolishment  of  the  Old  "W'atch— Terms  aud  Provisions  of  the  New 
Law— A  Board  of  Police  Commissioners— The  Department  to 
Consist  of  one  Chief,  one  Captain,  one  Lieutenant,  Ordinary  Po- 
licemen, not  Exceeding  Twenty,  aud  Fifteen  Supernumeraries. 

T^HE  old  watch  was  abolished  by  legislative  enactment — 
entitled  ''  A  Bill  to  Organize  a  Police  Force  for  the 
City  of  Xew  Haven,"  approved  June  27,  1861.  This  bill 
established  a  police  force  called  the  Police  Department  of 
the  City  of  New  Haven.  It  provided  in  substance  as  fol- 
lows : 

The  Court  of  Common  Council  held  in  the  city  of  Xew 
Haven,  after  the  act  should  take  effect,  should  choose,  by 
ballot,  six  citizens  of  said  city,  to  be  and  constitute  the 
Board  of  Police  Commissioners ;  each  member  of  said  Court 
of  Common  Council  should  vote  for  three  persons,  and  no 
more,  which  three  persons  should  be  voted  for  on  one  piece 
of  paper,  and  be  marked  or  designed  thereon  "first,"  ''sec- 
ond," and  "third;"  the  two  j^ersons  voted  for  marked 
"first,"  who  received  the  highest  number  of  votes,  should 
be  declared  elected  for  the  period  of  one  year  f]*om  the  sec- 
ond Monday  in  June,  A.  D.  1861,  and  until  others  were 
chosen  in  their  place;  the  two  marked  "third,"    who   re- 


POLICE    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEN.       41 

ceived  the  highest  number  of  votes,  should  be  declared 
elected  for  the  period  of  three  years  from  the  said  second 
Monday  in  June,  A.  D.  1S61,  and  until  others  are  chosen 
in  their  places.  At  the  second  meeting  of  said  Court  of 
Common  Council  held  in  each  year  after  the  annual  city 
election,  said  court  should  choose,  by  ballot,  two  citizens 
members  of  said  Board  of  Police  Commissioners,  for  the 
period  of  three  years  from  the  second  Monday  in  June  of 
the  year  in  which  they  were  chosen,  and  until  others  w^ere 
chosen  in  their  places;  but  no  member  of  the  common 
council  should,  after  the  present  municipal  year,  vote  for 
more  than  one  person ;  and  the  two  having  the  highest  num- 
ber of  votes  should  be  declared  to  be  elected ;  the  common 
council  had  full  power  to  fill  all  vacancies  that  might  occur  in 
said  board,  in  the  manner  indicated,  whenever  the  same 
might  occur. 

The  mayor,  ex-officio,  was  chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Police  Commissioners,  and  General  Superintendent  of  the 
Police  Department ;  but  had  no  vote  in  the  appointment  of 
any  member  of  the  Police  Department ;  no  person  should 
be  appointed  to  any  office  or  place  in  said  department  ex- 
cept he  received  at  least  four  votes. 

All  members  of  the  Police  Department  should  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Board  of  Police  Commissioners,  and  should 
hold  their  office  or  appointment  for  the  period  of  three 
years  from  the  second  Monday  in  June  of  the  year  in  which 
they  were  appointed,  and  until  others  were  appointed  in 
their  places,  unless  sooner  removed  for  cause. 


42       POLICE    DEPAETMEXT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEX. 

Tlie  Police  Department  slioiild  consist  of  one  Chief,  one 
Captain,  one  Lieutenant,  any  number  of  ordinary  police- 
men, at  the  discretion  of  the  commission,  not  exceeding 
twenty,  and  fifteen  supernumerary  policemen,  who  might 
be  called  into  service  by  the  chief,  whenever,  in  the  opin- 
ion of  himself  or  the  mayor,  their  services  might  be  needed. 

The  mayor  and  commissioners  to  have  full  power,  and 
it  Avas  made  their  duty,  to  hear  and  decide  upon  all  com- 
plaints made  against  any  member  of  the  department,  and  to 
give  the  party  or  parties  complained  against  reasonable  op- 
portunity to  be  heard  in  reference  to  the  subject  matter  of 
said  complaints ;  to  describe  and  define  the  duties  of  the 
various  members  of  the  department ;  to  fix  the  amount  of 
the  salary  or  wages  to  be  paid  to  each  member;  to  make  all 
needful  rules  and  regulations  for  the  conduct,  government 
and  control  of  said  department,  and  for  the  discharge  of 
persons  arrested  without  process,  but  should  receive  no 
compensation  for  their  services ;  to  have  power  to  suspend 
from  duty  any  member  for  a  period  not  exceeding  four 
days,  without  a  hearing. 

The  composition  of  the  Board  of  Police  Commissioners 
was  on  what  has  been  designated  the  non-partisan  plan.  An 
equal  number  of  commissioners  were  selected  from  both  the 
two  great  political  parties,  the  idea  of  those  who  favored  the 
plan  being  to  avoid  the  domination  of  one  party  over  the 
other  in  the  matter  of  choosing  policemen  or  dismissing 
them  from  service. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Police  Commissioners, 
organized  under  the  act  of  1S61,  was  held  at  the  mayor's 


POLICE    DEPARTMENT    OF   THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEN.       43 

office,  on  the  Otli  day  of  Jidy,  ISGl.  Tliere  were  present, 
the  mayor,  as  chairman ;  Messrs.  Anthony,  Blodgett,  Reilly, 
Chatfield,  Treat  and  Fitch.  The  chairman  stated  that  the 
commission  was  called  togetlier  for  the  jDurpose  of  taking 
preliminary  steps  toward  the  organization  of  the  police 
force,  under  the  law  passed  by  the  legislatnre  at  the  May 
session.  Xothing  further  was  done  until  the  12th  of  July, 
when  a  committee  of  three,  including  the  chairman,  was 
appointed  to  prepare  rules  and  regulations  for  the  govern- 
ment of  the  police  force,  and  to  report  the  respective  sala- 
ries of  officers  and  men.  Messrs.  Fitch  and  Anthony  were 
appointed  said  committee.  This  committee's  rej^ort  was  re- 
ceived and  adopted  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  board.  At 
the  same  time  the  mayor  was  requested  to  advise  with  the 
city  attorney  as  to  the  power  of  the  board  to  declare  that 
policemen  should  have  no  perquisites,  and  also  whether  the 
legal  fees  that  might  accrue  to  the  policemen  should  go  into 
the  City  or  Town  treasury.  Both  these  questions  were  an- 
swered in  the  affirmative ;  w^hereupon  the  rules  and  regula- 
tions were  adopted.  Merritt  Clark  and  William  Grant  were 
appointed  policemen  by  nomination. 

On  August  12,  1861,  these  officers  were  elected: 
Jonathan   W.    Pond,    Chief;   Wales  French,   Captain; 
Owen  A.  Monson,  Lieutenant. 

On  the  26th,  the  following  persons  were  elected  police- 
men :  Darby  Hanley,  Treadwell  Smith,  Philip  Reilly,  Lev- 
erett  Howell,  Philip  Poller,  Luther  P.  Darrow,  Peter 
Sheridan,  George  A.  Baldwin,  Jefferson  B.  Shaw,  Henry 
J.  Catlin,  William  D.  Campbell,  James  Brady. 


44       POLICE    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEN. 

These  were  elected  supernumeraries :  E.  C.  Tuttle,  Thom- 
as Kennedy,  William  P.  Addison,  A.  C.  Andrews,  John 
Heal  J  (1),  John  Eaj,  Hiram  W.  Smith,  Halsey  C.  Thomas, 
John  E.  Lewis,  Erank  Cook,  Lawrence  Spillane,  Michael 
Dohertj,  John  Ward,  William  X.  Schmidt,  John  Murphy. 

At  a  meeting  held  September  12,  1861,  it  was  voted  to 
have  the  uniform  overcoats  cut  double-breasted,  instead  of 
single  breasted,  as  prescribed  in  the  printed  rules.  Eesolu- 
tions  of  sympathy  and  condolence  were  passed  over  the 
death  of  Commissioner  John  W.  Fitch.  Edward  Harrison 
was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  board  occasioned  by 
the  death  of  John  W.  Fitch. 

The  following  rule  was  adopted  (Xov.  9,  1S61):  ''That 
whenever  a  supernumerary  policeman  is  kept  on  service 
for  a  period  of  ten  successive  days,  or  over,  the  pay  shall  be 
$1.87  1-2  per  day,  and  for  a  less  time  of  service  the  pay 
shall  be  §1.50  per  day." 

This  unique  reprimand,  reminding  one  of  the  famous 
Scotch  verdict,  "  not  guilty,  but  don't  do  it  again,"  was  pro- 
mulgated March  28,  1862 : 

''Messrs.  John  Ward  and  William  Iv.  Schmidt:  Your 
case  having  been  heard  l)y  the  Board  of  Police  Commis- 
sioners, they  are  of  the  opinion  that  you  were  absent  from 
your  beat  some  part  of  the  night  on  the  15th  of  March, 
1862  ;  but  in  consideration  of  its  being  a  stormy  night,  and 
this  being  the  first  case  of  the  kind  which  has  been  brought 
before  the  Board,  they  are  of  the  opinion  that  you  ought 
not  to  be  discharged  from  the  department,  but  the  board 
expects  every  man  to  do  his  duty,  and  that  hereafter  the 


POLICE    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    IIAVEX.       45 

rules  of  the  board  as  laid  down  in  the  printed  books  will  be 
strictly  enforced." 

The  next  complaint  was  not  so  leniently  dealt  with. 
Policeman  Francis  Cook,  having  been  found  guilty  of  "par- 
tial intoxication,"  was  suspended  from  duty  for  thirty  days. 

The  board  (May  1,  1SG2)  authorized  the  mayor  and  chief 
of  police  to  employ  from  time  to  time  such  detectives  as 
they  might  think  best  and  necessary,  until  other  provisions 
should  have  been  made ;  the  chief  to  report  monthly  to  the 
board  the  name  of  each  detective  so  employed,  for  what 
purpose,  and  the  amount  expended. 

The  salary  of  the  chief  was  fixed  at  §850  per  annum, 
that  of  the  captain  and  lieutenant  §650  each,  and  the  pay 
of  ordinary  policemen  at  the  rate  of  §550  each,  per  annum, 
to  commence  on  the  first  day  of  July,  1862.  The  ofiicers 
and  patrolmen,  each,  were  allowed  to  be  absent  one  day  in 
each  month,  or  twelve  days  during  the  year;  the  time  of 
such  absence  to  be  at  the  option  of  the  chief  of  police ; 
without  deduction  of  pay  for  such  absence. 

Lieutenant  Owen  A.  Monson  was  elected  captain,  vice 
Wales  French,  resigned;  and  policeman  Treadwell  Smith 
was  elected  lieutenant  (Sept.  8,  1862.) 

The  board  empowered  the  mayor  or  chief  (Dec.  18)  to 
suspend  any  member  of  the  Police  Department  from  duty 
for  any  insulting  or  abusive  language  used  toward  a  superior 
ofiicer,  or  for  breaches  of  discipline,  disobedience  of  orders 
or  neglect  to  comply  with  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the 
board.  Such  suspension  not  to  continue  for  a  longer  period 
than  forty-eight  hours,  without  a  hearing  before  the  board. 


46       POLICE    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEN. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board,  held  June  4,  1S63,  the  salary 
list  was  increased  for  the  ensuing  year,  as  follows :  Chief, 
$900;  captain  and  lieutenant,  §700;  patrolmen,  $600. 

The  Board  of  Police  Commissioners  appointed  by  the 
common  council,  under  the  "act  to  organize  a  police  force 
for  the  city  of  New  Haven,"  as  amended  by  the  legislature. 
May,  1864,  was  as  follows: 

At  water  Treat,  term  expired  June,  1865. 

Cupriam  "Willcox,  term  expired  June,  1865. 

Benj.  F.  Mansfield,  term  expired  June,  1866. 

Samuel  A.  Smith,  term  expired  June,  1866. 

Henry  S.  Dawson,  term  expired  June,  1867. 

Rufus  S.  Pickett,  term  expired  June,  1867. 

The  following  were  elected :  Treadwell  Smith,  lieuten- 
ant ;  James  Stuart,  William  M.  Hyde,  Merritt  Clark,  "Wil- 
liam Grant,  W.  D.  Campbell,  George  A.  Baldwin,  George 
Butler,  Orrin  Miller,  policemen. 

These  policemen  were  added  at  the  next  meeting :  Philip 
Poller,  Peter  Sheridan,  Owen  Kelly. 

On  July  16,  1864,  Elihu  Yale  was  elected  chief,  and 
Lucius  Kentfield  captain ;  L.  P.  Darrow,  James  Fitzpatrick 
policemen. 

Rufus  S.  Pickett  was  appointed  secretary  to  the  board 
(Aug.  4,  1864),  an  ofiice  which  had  been  hitherto  filled  by 
the  chief  of  police. 

The  minutes  of  the  Board  of  Police  Commissioners 
(Sept.  17, 1^64)  contain  a  record  of  the  following  case  :  "Po- 
liceman Owen  Kelly  was  tried  on  a  charge  of  assaulting 
in  the  station  house  a  prisoner  named  Bridget  Whitney, 


POLICE    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEN.       47 

'by  cruelly  beatino-,  bruising,  and  kicking  her,  with  such 
force  as  to  cause  her  to  fall  upon  the  floor  with  such  vio- 
lence as  to  render  her  entirely  senseless  for  a  time,  and  se- 
verely injuring  her  body  and  limbs.'  " 

The  iinding  of  the  board  was  as  follows:  "The  testi- 
mony of  all  the  witnesses  having  satisfied  the  board  that 
Owen  Kelly  did  at  the  time  and  place  specified,  kick,  and 
push  sai(J  Bridget  Whitney  so  as  to  cause  her  to  fall  heavily 
upon  the  floor,  thus  partially  sustaining  the  charges  made 
against  him  by  Chief  of  Police  Yale,  and  his  own  acknowl- 
edgments being  in  accordance  with  that  testimony,  it  was 
voted  that  Owen  Kelly,  for  the  offence,  should  be  repri- 
manded by  the  mayor,  and  suspended  with  loss  of  pay  for 
five  days,  to  perform  duty  or  not  during  suspension,  as  he 
preferred." 

Truly,  a  menioi*al)le  verdict! 

On  October  G,  186-i,  the  salaries  were  fixed  as  follows : 
Chief,  $2.75  per  day ;  Captain,  §2.50  per  day ;  lieutenant, 
§2.25  per  day;  policemen,  §2.00  per  day. 

A  committee  consisting  of  Lieutenant  Tread  well  Smith, 
and  Patrolmen  Stewart  and  Wilson,  appeared  before  the 
board,  March  23, 1865,  and  stated  that  it  was  difiicult  for 
the  force  to  live  comfortably  on  their  then  compensation, 
said  comj^ensation  having  been  less  than  was  paid  to  the  po- 
lice of  other  cities.  Furthermore,  that  it  would  be  very 
difiicult  for  them  to  procure  new  uniforms,  "s^'hich  were 
much  needed  ;  unless  they  were  in  some  way  assisted  to  pur- 
chase them.  Chief  Yale  made  a  similar  statement.  Where- 
upon the  board  voted  that  "  in  view  of  the  enhanced  cost  of 


48      POLICE    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEN. 

living,  and  of  clothing,  the  common  council  be  recommended 
to  appropriate  the  sum  of  fifty  dollars  to  each  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  regular  police  force,  to  assist  them  in  procnring 
new  nniforms ;  provided  that  the  nniforms  shall  be  of  good 
quality,  and  alike  in  material  and  style,  and  in  strict  con- 
formity to  the  regulations." 

The  following  resolution  was  passed  by  the  board,  Au- 
gust 9,  1865 :  "Resolved,  That  while  the  charges  against  the 
chief  of  police  are  not  fully  proved,  the  evidence  in  the  case 
before  the  board  goes  to  show  a  great  want  of  harmony  and 
unity  of  action  between  the  chief  and  his  subordinates,  also 
a  lack  of  system  in  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the 
Police  Department ;  and  as  the  chief  is  in  a  degree  respon- 
sible for  the  conduct  of  the  department,  he  is  jnstly  censur- 
able for  failing  to  promulgate  such  orders  as  would  prevent 
such  acts  as  are  complained  of  in  the  case  before  the  board." 

That  the  discipline  was  not  quite  what  it  should  have 
been,  may  be  inferred  from  the  following  cases,  as  reported 
in  the  proceedings  of  the  Board  of  Police  Commissioners, 
August  18,  1865 :  Supernumeraries  Judge,  Merrifield,  Fitz- 
patrick  and  Hutchinson,  appeared  before  the  board  to  an- 
swer for  not  responding  to  the  call  of  the  chief,  on  the  1st 
instant.  Thomas  Judge  stated  that  notice  to  report  for 
duty  at  the  time  specified  did  not  reach  him.  Henry  Mer- 
rifield stated  that  he  was  named  to  go  on  duty  at  12  o'clock 
(midnight),  but  did  not,  on  account  of  accidentally  over- 
sleeping. Pichard  Fitzpatrick  stated  that  he  failed  to  re- 
spond on  account  of  sickness.  H.  S.  Hutchinson  stated  that 
his  house,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  camp,  had  been  broken 


John  H.  Platt, 

POLICE    COMMISSIONER. 


Daniel  M.  Siieeiian, 
police    commissioner. 


POLICE    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEN.       49 

open  on  the  morning  of  the  11th,  and  he  considered  it  nec- 
essary to  remain  at  home  to  protect  liis  family.  "  Yoled  : 
reasons  satisfactory." 

The  resignation  of  Chief  Elihu  Yale  was  accepted,  Oc- 
tober 0,  1865,  and  George  M.  White  appointed  to  fill  va- 
cancy. 

Charges  of  intoxication  against  members  of  tlie  force 
were  not  infrequent.  The  board  (Xov.  9,  1865)  voted  "that 
from  and  after  this  date,  the  Board  of  Police  Commission- 
ers will  dismiss  from  the  police  force  any  member  thereof  who 
shall  be  proved  guilty  of  intoxication;''  and  Chief  White 
was  instructed  to  inform  every  member  of  the  force  of^^the 
above  action  of  the  board. 

The  per  diem  compensation  of  the  police  force,  from 
and  after  ISTovember  1,  1865,  until  May  1, 1866,  was:  Chief, 
$3.30;  captain,  $2.75 ;  lieutenant,  $2.50 ;  patrolmen,  $2.25. 

Captain  Kentfield  appeared  before  the  board  Decem- 
ber 16,  1865,  and  proj^osed  to  resign  if  the  charges 
pending  against  him  were  withdrawn  or  dismissed.  Chief 
White,  who  preferred  the  charges,  withdrew  them  with 
consent  of  the  board ;  when  Captain  Kentfield  presented  his 
resignation,  which  was  accepted.  At  a  subsequent  meeting 
Major  William  A.  Lincoln  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resignation  of  Captain  Kentfield. 

The  resignation  of  George  M.  White,  as  Chief  of  Police, 
with  the  reasons  therefor,  was  presented  and  accepted  (Sept. 
5,  1866).  Captain  Lincoln  was  appointed  to  the  vacancy 
caused  by  Chief  White's  resignation. 


0(>       POLICE    DEPAKTMEXT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEN. 

The  paj  of  the  force  was  increased  as  follows :  Patrol- 
men, $2.50  per  day;  lieutenant,  $2.75;  captain,  $3,  to  com- 
mence September  1,  1866. 

Lieutenant  Treadwell  Smith  was  made  captain,  Septem- 
ber 15,  1866 ;  and  Patrolman  Francis  Smith  was  promoted 
lieutenant.  The  compensation  of  Chief  Lincoln  was  in- 
creased from  $3.30  to  $1  per  day. 

Messrs.  William  R.  Shelton  and  Thomas  H.  Fulton  j)re- 
sented  certificates  of  election  to  the  office  of  police  commis- 
sioners for  three  years,  from  the  first  Monday  of  June,  1867, 
and  their  names  were  entered  on  the  rolls  of  the  board. 
William  H.  Bradley  offered  a  certificate  to  the  office  of  po- 
lice commissioner  for  the  term  of  three  years,  from  the  first 
Monday  of  June,  1866,  and  claimed  the  seat  occupied  by 
Piermont  Bradford.  The  clerk  declined  to  enter  his  name 
on  the  rolls  of  the  board.  It  was  then  voted  that  Piermont 
Bradford  was  not  entitled  to  a  seat  in  the  commission,  there 
being  no  record  upon  tlie  doings  of  the  common  Council 
that  he  was  ever  elected,  and  consequently  he  could  present 
no  credentials. 

The  police  pay-roll  for  October,  1867,  amounted  to 
$2,280.50. 


CHAPTER  Y. 

POLICE  commissioners'  peoceedings. 

Not  Ahvays  Harmonious,  but  for  the  Public  Good — Resignations  and 
Vacancies — Officials  Investigated — Exit  Chief  Brown — Office  of 
Roundsman  Discontinued — Trial  of  Lieutenant  Sheridan — A  Tale 
of  a  Dog — Some  Delinquent  Policemen — Office  of  First  and  Sec- 
ond Sergeant  Established. 

^I^HE  proceedings  of  the  police  commissioners,  JSTovember 
5,  1867,  were  far  from  harmonious.  This  is  apart  of 
the  record :  "  Commissioner  Peck  moved  the  appointment  of 
a  captain  on  the  force.  A  motion  to  adjourn  was  made. 
Messrs.  Fabrique,  Peck,  Ives  and  Bradford  voted  nay,  and 
Messrs.  Fulton  and  Shelton  voted  yea.  The  mayor  de- 
clared the  board  adjourned.  Commissioner  Fabrique  ap- 
pealed from  the  decision,  and  Messrs.  Bradford,  Ives  and 
Peck  sustained  the  decision.  The  mayor  and  Commission- 
ers Fulton  and  Shelton  withdrew.  Mr.  Peck  Avas  appointed 
chairman,  and  Mr.  Fabrique  moved  to  ballot  for  captain. 
Mr.  Ives  seconded  the  motion."  A  ballot  was  then  had 
which  resulted  in  the  choice  of  Francis  Smith  as  captain  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Treadwell 
Smith. 

The  pay  of  the  police  force  for  the  month  of  June,  1867, 
amounted  to  $2,257.50. 


52  POLICE    COMMISSIOXERS'    PROCEEDIXGS. 

In  consideration  of  there  having  been  a  number  of  va- 
cancies in  the  ranks,  occasioned  by  the  expiration  of  their 
term  of  office,  the  chief  was  called  npon  to  state  his  opinion 
of  the  qualifications  of  the  men  whose  time  had  exj^ired,  as 
to  their  fitness  for  re-election,  with  the  result  that  the  fol- 
lowing members  were  continued :  James  Stewart,  William 
M.  Hyde,  William  Grant,  Peter  Sheridan,  Owen  Kelly, 
Philip  Poller. 

The  resignation  of  Captain  Treadwell  Smith  was  re- 
ceived and  accepted  (July  S,  1867).  Francis  Smith  was 
made  acting  captain,  and  Peter  Sheridan  acting  lieutenant. 
James  T.  Mullen  was  elected  lieutenant,  August  5,  1S68, 
and  William  B.  Catlin,  captain,  August  l-i. 

On  March  12,  1869,  the  increase  of  pay  of  the  police 
was  called  up,  and  after  a  thorough  discussion  of  the  sub- 
ject the  following  rates  were  decided  upon,  per  day :  Patrol- 
men, ?2.T5;  roundsmen,  $3.00;  lieutenants,  $3.50;  captain, 
$4.00;  chief,  $5.00. 

The  monthly  pay-roll  for  April  amounted  to  $3,325.75. 

Members  of  the  force  employed  as  detectives  were  or- 
dered (Dec.  1,  1869)  to  do  patrol  duty,  and  when  an  officer 
w^as  wanted  by  the  chief  or  other  officer  in  command  to  do 
detective  duty,  the  chief  or  other  officer  selected  the  proper 
member  of  the  force  for  such  service.  All  members  of  the 
department  were  required  to  wear  their  uniform  when  on 
duty. 

By  resolution  of  the  commissioners,  the  chief  was  in- 
structed to  keep  in  his  office  a  proper  record,  with  date, 
description  of  articles  taken,  of  all  articles  found  and  recov- 


53 

ered  by  officers  of  the  force,  or  returned  to  the  office,  or 
taken  from  prisoners  or  lodgers ;  and  the  chief  or  officer  in 
command  was  further  instructed  to  make  a  written  report 
quarterly  of  all  articles  left  on  hand  and  uncalled  for. 

The  resignation  of  W,  A.  Lincoln  as  chief  was  received 
and  accepted  December  27,  1869. 

On  the  Sth  of  the  following  month  William  J.  Bowen 
was  elected  chief  of  police  to  fill  vacancy  as  above. 

Slowly  but  steadily  the  police  department  kept  expand- 
ing, to  keep  pace  with  the  constant  and  rapid  growth  of  the 
city.  Evidence  of  this  fact  may  be  learned  in  the  single 
item  of  expenditure.  Thus,  the  salary  list  for  January, 
IS 70,  amounts  to  $3,^1:94.27.  A  system  of  discipline  was  of 
slow  development.  Serious  charges  had  been  j^romulgated 
against  Chief  Bowen,  of  conduct  unbecoming  an  officer  and 
a  gentleman ;  but  after  a  hearing  he  was  exculpated.  Offi- 
cers of  lower  grade  not  infrequently  fared  much  worse. 
Sheriff  G.  O.  Hotchkiss  sent  a  communication  to  the  board 
complaining  that  prisoners  while  in  charge  of  the  police 
had  escaped  from  the  station  house.  An  investigation  re- 
sulted in  charges  being  preferred  against  Policeman  Charles 
B.  Dyer,  on  the  ground  of  letting  three  prisoners  escape. 
Specification  3 : 

'•  In  this  that  the  said  Charles  B.  Dyer,  at  the  time  and 
place  aforesaid,  as  a  consideration  for  allowing  said  Thorne, 
Adee  and  Bloomer  to  escape  from  his  custody,  received  of 
the  said  prisoners  certain  watches  and  other  articles  of  value, 
which  he  appropriated  to  his  own  use."  There  were  three 
charges   preferred   against   Officer  Dyer,  (1)  absent   from 


54 

post,  (2)  malversation  in  office,  (3)  conduct  unbecoming  an 
officer ;  upon  all  which  counts  in  the  indictment  he  was 
found  guilty,  except  as  to  the  first  and  the  last.  The  sen- 
tence imposed  was  "that  his  honor,  the  mayor,  be  author- 
ized to  reprimand  Officer  Charles  B.  Dyer,  as  the  judgment 
of  the  board  uj)on  said  charges." 

There  was  cause  for  another  investigation  of  a  more  gen- 
eral character.  Money  was  missing  from  the  police  office 
under  circumstances  that  called  for  the  following  action: 
"  The  board  then  voted  that  the  mayor  write  a  general  vote 
of  censure  of  the  board  against  the  police  department  for 
the  loss  of  said  money  of  George  W.  Lavine  from  the  po- 
lice office." 

The  loss  of  the  time  book  of  the  police  force  occasioned 
also  considerable  official  perturbation,  with  the  result  of  an 
investigation  being  set  on  foot.  Chief  Bowen  was  called  as 
a  witness  and  testified  as  to  the  manner  of  keeping  the  time 
of  the  force.  Captain  Catlin  testified  as  to  the  alterations 
in  the  books.  Lieutenant  James  T.  Mullen  gave  evidence 
as  to  the  alterations  made  in  the  time  books.  Officer  Phelps 
deposed  that  he  was  absent  one  day  in  the  month  of  June, 
and  that  he  got  paid  for  it.  Other  witnesses  were  heard, 
who  gave  similar  testimony.  It  was  voted  to  compare  the 
pay-roll  with  the  tim^e  book,  and  that  all  extra  time  allowed 
to  patrolmen  be  stricken  off.     This  ended  the  difficulty. 

Chief  Bowen  was  discharged  the  service  on  charges  em- 
bodied in  the  following  resolution:  "Voted,  that  William 
J.  Bowen,  now  acting  as  chief  of  police,  be  discharged  from 
the  service  for  conduct  unbecoming  an  officer,  and  ineffi 


55 

ciencj  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties."     (August  30,  1870). 

Captain  AYilliani  B.  Catlin  received  instructions  to  act  as 
chief  pro  tern. 

Officer  Andrew  J.  Carpenter's  case  is  a  notable  one,  as 
may  be  inferred  from  the  following:  "The  board  then 
summed  up  their  decision  in  the  charges  against  Officer 
Andrew  J.  Carpenter,  as  follows :  First  charge,  drunken- 
ness. Unanimous,  guilty.  Second  charge,  visiting  a  house 
of  ill-fame.  Guilty.  Third  charge,  disorderly  conduct. 
Unanimous,  not  guilty.  The  vote  of  the  board  on  the  ques- 
tion of  his  dismissal  was  as  follows :  '  Yes,'  votes  2 ;  '  No,' 
votes  2.  The  board  being  at  a  tie  in  the  absence  of  his 
honor,  the  mayor." 

At  a  subsequent  meeting  of  the  board  Officer  Carpen- 
ter was  restored  to  duty  as  a  supernumerary. 

On  ]^ovember  22,  1870,  the  following  estimate  of  ex- 
penses of  the  police  department  for  the  year  ensuing  was 
approved  by  the  board : 
1  Chief,  85.00  per  day  .  .  .  '.  .  $  1,825  00 


1  Captain,  $4.00  per  day, 
1  Lieutenant,  $3.50  per  day  . 
50  Patrolmen,  $2.75  per  day  . 
Estimated  office  expenses 


1,460  00 

1,277  50 

50,187  50 

1,200  00 


Total  estimate        .  .  .  .  .  $55,950  00 

All  members  elected  as  officers  before  being  qualified 
by  taking  the  oath  of  office,  were  required  to  present  a  cer- 
tificate of  physical  capacity  from  Dr.  Carrington,  the  sur- 
geon of  the  board. 


56  POLICE    COMIMISSIONEKS     PROCEEDINGS. 

Tlie  board  instructed  the  chief  to  suspend  from  duty  all 
members  of  the  department  against  whom  charges  were 
preferred,  and  to  immediately  notify  tlie  commissioners  of 
said  suspensions  and  cliarges. 

Strangely  enougli,  the  same  officer,  Charles  B.  Dyer, 
who  figured  in  a  case  where  he  was  charged,  among  other 
thhigs,  with  malfeasance  in  office,  in  allowing  three  pris- 
oners to  escape,  after  having  first,  as  alleged,  relieved  them 
of  certain  articles  of  jewelry  and  watclies,  was  on  a  similar 
charge,  preferred  against  him,  February  15th,  1871,  dis- 
missed from  the  force.  The  latter  complaint  was  as  fol- 
lows :  Gross  neglect  of  duty.  Specification  :  "In  this  that 
the  said  Cliarles  B.  Dyer  did,  on  the  2d  day  of  February, 
1871,  receive  an  order  from  Captain  Catlin,  through  one  ]N". 
Jennino's,  to  arrest  one  Frencli  and  Healv,  who  had  swin- 
died  said  Jennings  out  of  $190  while  traveling  on  the  cars 
between  Milford  and  New  Haven,  and  that  the  said  Dyer 
did  arrest  said  French  and  Healy,  and  have  them  in  his 
custody,  and  did  allow  them  to  escape  on  tlie  grounds  that 
they  had  paid  said  Jennings  880  out  of  the  Sl90  that  said 
French  and  Healy  had  in  their  possession  belonging  to  said 
Jennings." 

The  office  of  roundsman  was  discontinued  from  and  af- 
ter July  8,  1871.  This  office  was  restored  October  23, 
following. 

On  July  6,  1871,  Charles  Webster  was  elected  chief  of 
police,  William  M.  Hyde  captain,  and  Peter  Sheridan 
lieutenant. 

Captain  Hyde  was  made  acting  chief. 


67 

A  communication  to  the  board  was  received  from 
Charles  Webster  declining  the  appointment  of  chief  of  po- 
lice. The  communication  was  placed  on  file  for  future  ac- 
tion. At  the  next  meeting  of  the  board,  July  21,  the  dec- 
lination of  Charles  Webster  as  chief  of  police  was  accepted. 

A  case  that  caused  considerable  comment  was  brouo^ht  to 
the  attention  of  the  board  in  the  shape  of  specifications  and 
charges  preferred  by  a  citizen  named  A.  Yon  Steinweke 
against  Lieutenant  Sheridan.  The  former  made  complaint 
that  at  midnight,  September  3,  his  l)ell  was  rung  by  a 
policeman,  who  demanded  admittance  on  the  plea  of  serving 
a  warrant  on  account  of  a  dog  that  had  been  reported  on  the 
premises  and  was  unmuzzled.  The  officer  was  refused  ad- 
mittance, the  complainant  not  believing  him  to  be  an  offi- 
cer at  all.  In  less  than  half  an  hour  afterwards  his  bell  was 
rung  again.  This  time  two  policemen  were  at  the  door. 
He  admitted  them  into  the  house.  They  served  a  summons 
calling  upon  the  comjDlainant  to  a2)pear  at  the  police  office 
at  9  o'clock  in  the  morning.  The  policemen  then  went 
away.  In  less  than  an  hour  his  door  bell  was  rung  again 
for  the  tliird  time,  two  other  policemen  appearing  and 
arresting  Mr.  Yon  Steinweke.  They  took  him  to  the  police 
office,  where  he  was  interrogated  and  let  go  at  3  o'clock  in 
in  the  morning.  Lieutenant  Sheridan,  as  alleged,  took  the 
whole  responsibility  of  the  arrest  and  serving  of  the  war- 
rant, and  asserted  that  he  had  given  orders  to  the  last  police 
callers  to  bring  the  prisoner  to  the  police  office  ''dead  or 
alive." 


58  POLICE  commissioners'  proceedings. 

Mr.  Yon  Steinweke  furthermore  deposed  that  the  dog 
was  not  his  property,  but  belonged  to  Captain  J.  Koch,  an 
inmate  of  Mr.  Yon  Steinweke's  house ;  that  the  dog  on  the 
night  in  question,  and  for  years  past,  had  worn  a  collar 
clearly  marked  with  the  full  name  of  the  owner ;  that  the 
dog  was  never  allowed  outside  the  iDremises,  and  therefore 
the  city  ordinance  about  muzzling  dogs  was  not  violated. 

Lieutenant  Sheridan,  upon  the  charges,  was  suspended 
from  duty  for  ten  days. 

The  estimate  of  the  department  was  made  out  and  ap- 
proved October  23,  ISTl,  as  follows: 
Salary  of  Chief  of  Police 
Salary  of  Captain  of  Police     . 
Salary  of  Lieutenant  of  Police 
Salary  of  fifty  Policemen 
Salary  of  five  Sunday  Watchmen    . 
Extra  duty  (supernumeraries) 
Office  expenses 

$57,600  00 
Roundsman  Phelps,  soon  as  appointed,  began  to  peform 
his  duty  in  a  very  energetic  fashion,  and  very  many  delin- 
quent policemen  were  brought  to  book  accordingly;  the 
board  as  usual  taking  lenient  views  of  such  departures  from 
the  straight  path  of  duty.  Kor  did  Roundsman  Phelps 
himself  escape  having  charges  preferred  against  him  for  in- 
fraction of  the  rules. 

On  motion  of  Commissioner  Wright  it  was  decided  that 
'*  the  number  of  the  present  effective  force  of  the  depart- 


.  $  1,825 

00 

1,460 

00 

1,277 

50 

.   50,187  50 

650 

00 

1,000 

00 

1,200 

00 

POLICE    commissioners'    PROCEEDINGS. 


59 


inent  be  increased  iifty  men."  Tlie  pay  of  patrolmen,  on 
and  after  January  1,  1873,  was  increased  to  $3  per  day; 
and  the  salary  of  the  chief  was  fixed  at  $2,500  per  year. 

The  estimates  of  the  department  for  the  year  1873  were 
as  follows : 

Chief      .         .         .    '     . 
Captain 
Lieutenant 
85  Patrolmen 
5  Sunday  Watchmen 
Extra  duty  (supernumeraries 
Oifice  expenses, 
Fair  Haven  Station 
Telegraph 


$  2,500  00 
1,642  50 
1,460  00 
93,075  00 
650  00 
1,000  00 
1,500  00 
2,000  00 
3,000  00 


Total        :         .         .         .         .         .  $106,827  50 

J.  Murray  Fairchild  was  instructed  to  forthwith  erect, 
under  the  supervision  of  the  board,  the  police  alarm  tele- 
graph. 

Charles  W.  Allen  was  elected  chief  of  police,  from  the 
13th  day  of  December,  1872. 

The  chief  was  empowered  to  detail  from  the  police  force 
such  officer  or  ofiicers  as  he  might  require  from  time  to 
time  to  act  as  detectives  until  further  orders. 

An  additional  roundsman  was  aj^pointed  July  11,  1873. 
•  The  ofiice  of  first  and  second  sergeant  was  established 
September  3,  1873.  Treadwell  Smith  was  elected  first 
sergeant  and  George  F.  Selleck  second  sergeant. 


CHAPTEE  TI. 

SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR. 

A  Police  Mutual  Benefit  Aid  Association— Meritorious  Service  Re- 
warded— Cutting  Down  Expenses— The  Mayor  Charges  that  the 
Efficiency  of  the  Force  has  been  Sadly  Demoralized — An  Investi- 
gation Ordered— Chief  Allen  Implicated— He  is  Exonerated,  and 
the  Mayor's  Charges  not  Sustained — Police  Telephone  Stations — 
The  Force  organized. 

TT  PETITIOIST  was  presented  by  a  committee  of  the 
police  force  asking  the  consent  of  the  board  to  the 
organization  by  the  patrohnen  of  a  Police  Mutual  Benefit 
Aid  Association.  Upon  motion  the  board  voted  to  grant 
the  petition,  provided  that  the  articles  of  association  first 
receive  the  sanction  of  the  board.  The  cliief  of  police  was 
instructed  to  communicate  with  the  patrolmen  and  inform 
them  that  the  articles  of  association  must  be  laid  before  the 
board  for  approval. 

It  having  been  deemed  necessary  in  the  course  of  these 
pages  to  make  reference  to  the  escapades  of  delinquent  po- 
licemen, it  is  pleasant  to  record  the  following  case  as  a 
sample  of  meritorious  service,  common  enough  in  the  de- 
partment : 

''Yoted— That  Officer  Stanford  is  entitled  to  the  com- 
mendation of  the  board,  for  his  prompt,  efficient  and  officer- 


SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR.  61 

like  conduct  upon  the  occasion  of  the  arrest  of  Thomas 
Donohoe,  on  tlie  0th  day  of  August  last,,  and  for  bringing 
said  Donohoe  in  with  great  peril  to  himself,  and  under  cir- 
cumstances which  required  great  personal  bravery;  and 
tliat  this  vote  be  posted  upon  the  bulletin  l)oard  for  one 
week.-' 

The  following  resolution  was  approved  May  4,  1875 : 
"  Whereas,  it  is  incumbent  upon  every  department  of  our 
municipal  government  in  the  present  state  of  affairs  to  make 
the  financial  burdens  as  light  as  possible;  and,  Whereas, 
we  believe  that  our  police  force  may  be  slightly  reduced 
without  detriment  to  the  city;  therefore,  be  it  Resolved, 
that  until  further  ordered  by  this  board,  said  force  shall  not 
exceed  eighty  patrolmen." 

Chief  Charles  W.  Allen,  January  30,  18 77,  addressed 
the  following  communication  to  the  Board  of  Police  Com- 
missioners : 

"  As  his  honor  the  Mayor  in  his  message  to  the  honor- 
able Court  of  the  Common  Council,  delivered  January  26, 
1877,  has  made  the  following  serious  charges  touching  the 
police  department,  to  wit : 

^'  That  the  department  '  has  through  the  power  and  influ- 
ence of  its  head  been  prostituted  from  its  legitimate  pur- 
poses to  subserve  personal  and  political  ends,'  that  '  the 
efliciency  of  the  force  has  been  sadly  demoralized  by  gross 
partiality  shown  to  men  on  the  force,  and  other  grave 
charges  which  will  be  substantiated  if  necessity  calls  for 
them.' 


62  SERIOUS    CHAKGES    PEEFEREED   BY    THE    MAYOR. 

''  As  your  honorable  body  is  by  the  charter  invested  with 
the  sole  jurisdiction  concerning  the  subject  matter  of  these 
charges,  and  is  empowered  to  correct  such  evils  if  they  ex- 
ist, it  would  seem  eminently  proper  to  present  such  charges 
to  a  tribunal  charged  by  the  law  with  the  duty  of  investi- 
ffatino-  them.  .  .  . 

''  If  the  department  '  has  been  prostituted  to  personal  and 
political  ends  or  is  demoralized  by  gross  partiality  shown  to 
men  on  the  force,'  as  charged,  I  am  not  conscious  of  it."  .  .  . 

Commissioner  Sloat  presented  a  resolution  in  substance 
as  follows  :  "  This  Board  is  impressed  with  the  gravity  of 
these  charges  proceeding  from  such  a  high  source. 

''  Resolved,  That  this  Board  respectfully  request  that  his 
Honor  the  Mayor  will  at  his  earliest  convenience  place  this 
Board  in  possession  of  such  specific  charges  and  evidence  as 
will  enable  it  to  proceed  to  an  investigation." 

Mayor  W.  R.  Shelton  replied  as  follows :  "  I  hereby 
make  the  following  charges  against  the  Chief  of  Police, 
Charles  W.  Allen,  Esq. : 

"  1.  That  the  department  has  through  the  power  and  in- 
fluence of  its  head,  been  prostituted  from  its  legitimate  pur- 
poses to  subserve  personal  and  political  ends. 

"  2.  That  the  efliciency  of  the  force  has  been  demoralized 
by  the  gross  partialities  shown  to  men  on  the  force. 

"  3.  That  money  has  been  extorted  by  the  Chief  of  Police 
for  the  recovery  of  stole  property,  in  violation  of  Rule  II. 

"4.  That  the  Chief  of  Police  has  contributed  money  and 
influence  to  carry  primary  meetings  and  elections  in  viola- 
tion of  Rule  67." 


SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR.  63 

The  animus  that  prompted  the  above  charge  may  be 
gathered  from  the  following  extract  from  the  Commission- 
ers' report : 

"  The  evidence  offered  in  this  connection  seems  bur- 
dened with  the  opinion  that  the  chief  labored  with  the 
force  to  the  end  that  William  R.  Shelton  might  be  defeated 
because  the  chief  was  personally  hostile  to  that  candidate." 

After  an  extended  review  of  the  evidence,  the  chief 
was  exonerated  on  all  counts. 

It  was  voted  that  twenty-iive  cents  per  day  be  added  to 
the  salary  of  patrolmen,  dating  from  the  first  day  of  July, 
IS 77  to  January  1,  1878.  It  was  also  voted  to  grant  an  in- 
crease of  pay  of  ten  per  cent,  to  the  salaries  of  the  chief, 
captain  and  lieutenant,  commencing  from  October  1, 1877, 
and  ending  January  1,  1878. 

Salaries  were  ordei-ed  as  follows,  March  11,  1878 : 

Chief,  $1,800  ;  Captains,  S3. 50  per  day ;  Lieutenant, 
$3.25  i^er  day ;  patrolmen,  $2.50  per  day. 

The  office  of  Seargeant  was  abolished  and  Seargeants 
Smith  and  Sellick  were  instructed  to  act  as  roundsmen. 

Upon  charges  of  inefficiency  and  gross  neglect  of  duty, 
Charles  W.  Allen  was  removed  from  the  office  of  Chief  of 
Police,  February  19,  1879. 

Charles  Webster  was  elected  Chief  of  Police,  vice  Allen 
removed. 

Upon  the  recommendation  of  the  chief,  the  monthly 
drill  was  discontinued  and  a  quarterly  inspection  substi- 
tuted.    The  Xew  York  style  of  police  hat  was  adopted. 


64  SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR. 

The  salary  of  Chief  of  Pohce  from  and  after  Sej^tember 
Ij  1ST9,  was  fixed  at  $2,200. 

The  pay  roll  for  August  was  §6,570.58;  Sunday  bills, 
S90.35. 

On  the  2Ttli  of  January,  ISSl,  the  payroll  was  approved 
as  follows  :  Chief,  82,500  per  annum  ;  Captain,  $3.75  per 
day ;  Lieutenant,  §3.50  per  day ;  patrolmen,  §2.75  per  day. 
These  rates  go  into  effect  from  and  after  the  4th  day  of 
January,  1881. 

These  figures  were  corrected  in  the  following  manner, 
at  the  next  meeting  of  the  board;  "The  pay  of  the  captain 
shall  be  §1.19  1-2,  and  that  of  the  lieutenant  §3.65  per  day, 
during  the  months  of  March  and  April,  1881,  and  there- 
after the  pay  of  the  captain  shall  be  §4.12  1-2  per  day,  and 
that  of  the  lieutenant  §3.75  1-2  per  day." 

William  O'Keefe  and  Treadwell  Smith  were  elected 
roundsmen  May  2,  1882. 

The  pay  of  sergeants  was  increased  fifty  cents,  and  that 
of  roundsmen  twenty-five  per  cent,  per  diem. 

On  January  2,  1883,  the  pay  of  patrolmen  was  fixed  at 
§3  per  diem,  commencing  December  1,  1882;  the  pay  of 
detectives  at  §3.25,  and  of  roundsmen  at  §3.12,  to  com- 
mence January  1,  1883. 

The  board  voted  that  policemen  wounded  or  otherwise 
disabled  while  making  or  attempting  to  make  arrests,  or  in 
the  faithful  discharge  of  any  specially  perilous  official  duty 
should  be  entitled  to  full  pay  during  the  time  necessarily 
lost  in  recovering  their  health. 

The  pay-roll  for  June,  1883,  amounted  to  $8,254.46. 


Edward  Do^yNS, 

CITY    CLERK    AND     EX-OFFICIO     CLERK    BOARD 
POLICE    COMMISSIONERS. 


Tread  WELL  Smith, 

SUPERINTENDENT    OF    POLICE. 


SERIOUS    CHAKGES    PKEP^ERKED    BY    THE    MAYOR.  f)5 

W.  II.  Meiulall,  agent  for  the  Fire  Alarm  Telegraph 
Company,  appeared  before  the  board  and  explained  the 
working  of  the  system.  The  company,  he  said,  would  fur- 
nish the  city  with  ten  stations,  central  ofHce  apparatus  and 
i-ent  the  wire  for  $2,750;  or  they  would  rent  it  to  the  city 
for  a  year  at  $50  per  station,  with  the  privilege  to  the  city 
to  buy  the  same  (except  the  telephones  and  transmitters). 
If  at  the  end  of  a  year  the  city  should  decide  to  buv  the 
system,  the  sum  of  8300  w^ould  be  deducted  from  the  pur- 
chase price. 

Commissioners  Hart  and  Gatlin  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  contract  for  one  year's  rental  at  $50  a  year  for 
each  station,  with  the  privilege  of  buying  the  same. 

This  contract  liavino-  been  entered  into,  the  followiuir 
places  were  designated  as  police  tele23lione  stations : 

1 .  Corner  West  Water  and  Hill. 

2.  Corner  DeWitt  street  and  Columbus  avenue. 

3.  Corner  West  street  and  Congress  avenue. 
•I.  Corner  Cedar  street  and  Congress  avenue. 
5.  Corner  of  Oak  and  Orchard  sti-eets. 

().  Corner  of  AYebster  street  and  Dixw^ell  avenue. 

7.  Corner  of  Orchard  and  Henry  streets. 

8.  Corner  of  Munson  street  and  AVinchester  avenue. 

9.  Corner  of  Trumbull  street  and  Whitney  avenue. 
1().  Corner  of  State  and  Bradley  streets. 

Captain  Peter  Sheridan  resigned  from  the  department 
November  12,  1883. 

A  new  rule  was  adopted  retiring  policemen  who  had  at- 
tained the  age  of  55  years. 


66  SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR. 

Treadwell  Smith  was  elected  captain,  January  1,  lS8i; 
William  O'Keefe  was  made  first  lientenant,  James  Winn 
second  lieutenant;  first  sergeant  and  hack  inspector.  Lent 
Bishop;  second  sergeant,  William  K.  Schmidt;  third  ser- 
geant, All)ert  Bradley;  first  roundsman,  John  Driscoll; 
second  roundsman,  William  E.  McBride. 

The  rule  adopted  at  the  meeting  held  January  1,  188i, 
in  regard  to  retirino^  policemen  at  the  age  of  55,  was  amended 
by  adding,  ''at  which  time  claim  may  be  made  for  future 
service  and  granted  at  the  disci-etion  of  the  commissioners, 
based  on  the  physical  condition  and  the  high  degree  of 
efficiency  of  the  applicant." 

That  such  a  resolution  as  the  following  should  l)e  called 
for  is  the  chief  interest  attached  to  it,  officially  or  histori- 
cally : 

"  ISTo  member  of  the  department  shall  endorse  any  ap- 
j^lication  for  license  for  the  sale  of  spirituous  or  intoxica- 
ting liquor ;  or  become  surety  on  a  bond  for  any  person  ob- 
taining such  a  license." 

The  following  rulfes  were  adopted  Jnly  1,  1SS4:  ''That 
the  ordinary  policemen,  described  under  the  rules  as  super- 
numeraries of  the  department,  l)e  hereafter  divided  into  the 
following  grades :  Ordinary  policemen  of  the  first  grade ; 
ordinary  policemen  of  the  second  grade ;  ordinary  police- 
men of  the  third  grade  ;  supernumeraries  of  the  first  grade ; 
supernumeraries  of  the  second  grade. 

''That  for  any  day  of  actual  service  rendered  by  them. 
ordinary  policemen  of  the  first  grade  shall  be  paid  83 :  oi'di- 
nary  policemen  of  the  second  grade,  82.75  ;  ordinary  police- 


SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR.  G7 

Hieii  of  the  tliird  grade,  $2.50;  supeniuiueraries  of  the  first 
grade,  $2.25.  Doormen  hereafter  appointed  to  be  paid  the 
same  amount  as  ordmarj  policemen  of  the  third  grade." 

The  board  exercised  tlie  right  to  transfer,  promote,  or 
I'eihice  the  mend)ers  belonging  to  any  of  the  grades,  as  in 
tiieir  opinion  the  interests  of  the  department  might  re- 
(piire. 

The  city  auditor  was  requested  to  cause  the  police  head- 
quarters to  be  suitably  draped  in  memory  of  Charles  Wel)- 
ster,  late  chief  of  police,  who  died  Decend)er  30,  ISSJ:. 

Ilis  successor  was  elected  in  the  person  of  Charles  F. 
Bollman,  July  13,  1S65,  at  a  salary  of  $2,500  per  annum. 

The  death  of  Timothy  J.  Crowley,  late  clerk  of  the 
board  of  police  commissioners,  took  place  October  10, 1885. 

The  chief  was  instructed  to  examine  the  law  relative  to 
the  right  of  policemen  to  carry  firearms,  and  to  endeavor  to 
secure  the  passage  of  such  legislation  as  would  permit  po- 
licemen to  carry  firearms,  if  any  such  legislation  w,as  deemed 
necessary. 

The  following  amendment  to  the  rules  was  adopted, 
August  31,  1886: 

''  That  the  letters  used  to  designate  the  different  grades 
of  the  police  force  be  and  they  hereby  are  re-arranged,  as 
follows:  the  active  supernumeraries  of  the  lowest  or  the 
fifth  grade  to  be  known  as  grade  E,  instead  of  grade  A. 
The  f(jurth  or  advanced  grade  of  active  supernumeraries  to 
be  known  as  grade  D,  instead  of  grade  B.  The  permanent 
force  of  the  third  grade  to  be  known  as  grade  C,  instead  of 
grade  A.     The  second  grade  to  be  known  as  grade  B,  as  at 


68  SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    B\     THE    MAYOR. 

present.  The  first  and  liigliest  grade  to  be  known  as  grade 
A,  instead  of  grade  C." 

Having  reached  his  twenty-fiftli  year  of  service  in  the 
department,  the  board  passed  resohitions  complimenting 
Captain  WilHam  H.  Hyde,  as  an  honest  and  efficient  officer. 

The  substitute  set  of  rnles  of  the  ''  Veteran  Eeserves,'^ 
were  adopted,  as  follows  : 

''Sectiox  1.  An  honorary  grade  of  the  police  force  of 
the  city  of  Xew  Haven  is  hereby  constituted,  which  shall  be 
known  as  the  'Veteran  Eeserve,'  and  which  shall  be  gov- 
erned by  the  following  rules : 

"Sec.  2.  The  board  of  police  commissioners  may  in  its 
discretion,  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  a  full  board,  transfer 
to  the  Veteran  Reserve,  any  member  of  the  police  of  this 
city  who  shall  through  age  or  physical  disabilities  incurred 
in  the  discharge  of  pei'ilous  duty,  or  in  long  and  faithful 
service  upon  the  force,  become  permanently  disqualified  for 
the  more  active  and  efficient  duties  of  his  position,  as  fol- 
lows : 

"  Sec.  3.  To  any  such  jnember  of  the  force  who,  while 
in  the  active  performance  of  his  duties,  and  without  fault  or 
misconduct  on  his  part,  and  for  causes  before  stated,  shall 
become  unfitted  for  full  police  duty,  a  sum  may  be  paid  not 
to  exceed  one-half  or  less  than  one-fourth  his  rate  of  com- 
pensation per  annum. 

''  Sec.  4.  Any  member  of  the  police  force  who  has  or 
shall  have  performed  duty  therein  for  a  period  of  twenty 
years  or  more,  upon  his  own  application  in  writing,  or  upon 
the  certificate  of  the  police  surgeon,  that  he  is  permanently 


SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREP^ERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR.  (V.) 

disabled  or  disqHalified  for  full  police  duty,  may,  l)v  the 
unaniHious  vote  of  the  full  board,  ])e  transferred  to  the 
A^eterau  Eeserve  grade  during  hi*  life,  and  be  paid  not  less 
than  one-third  or  more  than  one-half  of  his  previous  rate  of 
compensation. 

''  Sec.  5.  All  members  of  the  force  thus  transferred  to 
the  Veteran  Reserve  shall  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  regu- 
lations of  the  department,  and  in  all  cases  will  be  required 
to  report  each  day  to  headquarters  and  perform  from  three 
to  six  hours  daily  service,  unless  excused  by  the  chief.  The 
chief  shall  report  the  condition  of  the  Veteran  Reserves  at 
each  regular  meeting  of  the  board." 

The  committee  on  efficiency  of  the  force,  to  which  was 
referred  the  matter  of  making  a  rule  in  the  case  of  drunk-^ 
enness  of  members  of  the  police  department,  reported  the 
following,  January  3,  ISSS: 

''Voted,  That  the  section  of  the  general  rules  for  the 
government  of  the  police  department  be  amended  : 

''First,  by  inserting  at  the  beginning  of  said  section  the 
following  paragraph:  Any  member  of  the  2:>olice  force 
found  guilty  of  intoxication  while  on  duty  shall  be  dis- 
missed from  the  department.'' 

It  was  urged  on  the  members  of  the  police  department, 
specially  detailed  or  regularly  patroling  their  beats,  to  exer- 
cise the  closest  vigilance  in  detecting,  and  j^rompt  and  de- 
cisive action  in  l)ringing  to  justice,  all  violators  of  the  liquor 
law. 

This  minute  appears  in  the  proceedings  of  the  police 
board,  December  S,  1SS8  :  "  It  was  voted  that  the  president 


70  SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR. 

of  the  board  give  the  police  a  lecture  in  reference  to  pa- 
patroling  their  beats." 

A  committee  consisting  of  Commissioners  Hai*t  and 
Andrew,  reported  the  draft  of  an  act  amending  the  charter 
of  the  city  of  Xew  Haven,  the  main  features  of  wliich  may 
be  cited  as  follows  : 

The  police  department  to  consist  of  one  supei'intendent, 
not  more  than  four  captains,  eighteen  sergeants,  two  ma- 
trons, and  such  number  of  regular  2:>olicemen  as  the  l)oard 
of  police  commissioners  might  from  time  to  time  designate 
and  jDrescribe,  and  not  more  than  fifty  supernumeraries. 
All  officers  and  members  of  the  department  to  be  elected  by 
the  board  of  police  commissioners  by  ballot,  and  sul)ject  to 
removal  at  the  will  of  said  board.  All  elections  and  ap- 
pointments, all  2>i*omotions  and  reductions  iu  rank,  and 
removals  from  office,  should  only  be  effected  by  the  affirm- 
ative votes  of  at  least  four  commissioners.  The  board  tixed 
the  rate  of  compensation  of  all  members  of  the  department, 
defined  their  duties,  and  made  all  the  necessary  rules  for 
tlie  government  thereof.  The  board  heard  and  determined 
all  complaints  against  any  member  of  the  department, 
^lembers  of  the  force  disabled  in  the  performance  of  duty 
to  receive  from  the  de2:>artment  during  life  time  a  sum  not 
exceeding  §400,  paid  in  monthly  installments.  The  sum  of 
$2,000  to  be  paid  to  the  widow,  or  other  person  dependent 
upon  any  member  of  the  police  force  who  should  have  been 
killed  while  in  the  actual  performance  of  duty,  or  should 
have  died  from  the  effects  of  any  injury  received  while  in 
the  actual  discharge  of  such  duty.     The  board   of  police 


SERIOUS    CHARGES    TKEFEKKED    BY    THE    MAYOR.  71 

coininissioiiers  to  be  a  board  of  trustees  of  said  reserve  fund, 
and  tlie  treasurer  of  the  city  of  IS'ew  Haven,  tlie  treasurer 
of  said  fund. 

Commissioners  Hart  and  Andrew,  reporting  as  a  com- 
mittee, October  1,  18S9,  recommended  that  two  reporting 
stations  be  estabhshed ;  one  in  tlie  south-westerly  portion, 
and  the  other  in  the  northerly  part  of  the  city ;  at  an  outlay 
for  land  and  buildings  of  a  sum  not  exceeding  $15,000. 
Also,  that  as  soon  as  these  buildino-s  were  readv  for  occu- 
pancy,  the  offices  of  lieutenant  and  roundsman  be  abolished ; 
that  the  number  of  captains  be  increased  to  four,  and  ser- 
geants to  sixteen,  including  three  detectives,  and  three  ad- 
ditional men  appointed  for  regular  patrol.  In  the  opinion 
of  the  committee  these  changes  would  increase  the  annual 
pay-roll  about  812,000. 

The  annual  pay-roll  for  the  department  for  1890  was 
$130,000. 

Roundsmen  McEride  and  Cook  and  Detectives  Eeilly 
and  Brewer,  Officers  Storemont,  Crocker,  Bergen,  Wood- 
ruff, McGann,  Bussell,  Tiernan,  Orr,  John  McGrath  and 
Cowles  were  elected  sergeants  March  4,  1891. 

Supt.  Charles  F.  Bollman,  on  May  5,  1891,  in  a  commu- 
nication to  the  board,  said  that  inasmuch  as  he  contemplated 
a  change  in  the  early  fall,  which  would  necessitate  giving 
up  his  official  position,  he  deemed  it  proper  to  acquaint  the 
board  with  his  intentions.  He  therefore  tendered  his  resig- 
nation as  superintendent  of  police,  to  take  effect  October  1, 
1891. 


iZ  SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR. 

The  board  received  his  resignation  with  expressions  of 
regret  at  the  loss  the  department  was  about  to  sustain  in  the 
retirement  of  so  able  and  devoted  an  official. 

On  Jnne  30,  1S91,  Treadwell  Smith  was  elected  super- 
intendent of  police,  his  promotion  to  take  effect  October  1, 
1891. 

By  resolution  of  the  board  patrolmen  on  beats  centering 
at  or  near  telephone  stations  were  instructed  to  make  fre- 
cpient  reports  by  telephone  to  their  respective  station  houses, 
at  such  liours  a^  the  chief  might  direct. 

The  rule  causing  the  retirement  of  policemen  at  the  age 
of  55  years  caused  much  dissatisfaction.  The  board  voted 
that  members  of  the  police  force  ''hereinafter  permanently 
appointed,"  who  maintain  a  good  record  should  be  honora- 
bly discharged  at  the  age  of  55  years;  at  which  time  claim 
might  be  made  for  further  service,  and  granted  at  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  commissioners,  based  on  the  physical  condi- 
tion and  the  high  degree  of  efficiency  of  the  applicant. 

The  department  adopted  the  system  of  service  stripes, 
desiojnatino'  the  leno^th  of  connection  with  the  force :  officers 
to  wear  one  gilt  stripe  for  each  period  of  live  year's  service, 
and  pati'olmen  to  wear  one  blue  strij)e  for  each  similar 
period  of  service.  This  regulation  to  take  effect  from  the 
first  day  of  January,  1892. 

From  1862  to  18T(>,  inclusive,  the  police  year  ended  with 
May  31;  in  1871  and  1872,  with  December  31;  in  1873, 
and  all  subsequent  years,  with  Xovember  30.     Hence  the 


SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR.  73 

police  year  of  1S62  was  nine  month;  ISTl,  nineteen  montlis; 
1873,  eleven  montlis ;  and  all  following  years,  twelve 
months. 


CHAPTEK  YIL 

POLICE    PKOCEEDIXGS    AS    AXXUALLY    REPORTfZD. 

Chief  Pond's  First  Animal  Report— Tlie  Department  and  all  Things 
Appertainino;  in  Good  Condition— A  System  of  Uniform  Promoted 
Discipline,  and  Improved  the  General  Condition  of  the  Depart- 
ment— No  Riots  or  Distnrbances — Statistics  of  Arrests — Xnmer- 
ical  Strength  of  the  Force— Detective  Department  Methods. 

Year  Exdixg  Juxe  1,  1862. 
T^HE  report  of  Chief  J.  AY.  Pond,  for  the  year  ending 
June  1,  1S62,  contains  the  following:  The  present 
police  force  was  organized  on  the  27tlidaYof  Angnst,  1861, 
in  accordance  with  an  act  of  the  legislatnre,  passed  at  the 
May  session,  1861.  At  the  time  of  the  organization  the 
force  consisted  of  one  chief,  one  captain,  one  lieutenant, 
fourteen  regular  policemen,  and  fifteen  supernumerary  -po- 
1  icemen.  The  only  changes  which  haye  occurred  in  the  reg- 
ular force  haye  been  the  resignation  of  Patrolman  Leyerett 
Howell,  and  the  subsequent  filling  of  the  yacancy  by  the 
appointment  of  "William  M.  Hyde,  and  the  appointment  of 
two  additional  patrolman;  so  that,  at  the  present  time,  the 
department  consists  of  forty-four  men,  including  three  ofii- 
cers,  sixteen  regular  ^^olicemen,  and  fifteen  supernumerary 
policemen. 


POLICE    PROCEEDINGS    AS    ANNUALLY    PEroKTED.  7o 

The  department  and  all  things  pertaining  to  it  was  in 
gO(xl  condition  and  particnlarly  in  regard  to  the  physical 
condition  of  its  members.  The  police  nniform,  wliich  had 
been  introduced  and  adopted  during  the  year,  was  a  great 
improvement  on  the  old  system,  and,  in  fact,  no  general 
and  thorongh  system  of  nniform,  for  all  seasons,  had  ever 
previously  been  used  in  the  Xew  Haven  police  department ; 
tlie  adoption  of  which  measure  had  promoted  the  discipline, 
altered  the  character,  and  improved  the  general  condition  of 
the  department,  more  than  any  other  matter  connected  with 
the  police  since  its  organization.  Experience  had  proved 
that  a  well-known  uniform  carries  an  influence  with  it, 
which,  in  the  prevention  and  suppression  of  disturbances 
and  1) reaches  of  the  peace,  was  Avortli  several  men.  He,  the 
chief,  would  rather  have  two  men  in  uniform,  than  half  a 
dozen  unnniformed.  The  men„  in  their  uniform,  including 
their  badges  and  emblems,  presented  an  apj^earance,  for  re- 
spectal)ility,  second  to  no  like  department  in  the  country 
and  was  very  creditable  to  the  city. 

During  the  past  year  the  police  have  been  able  to  pre- 
serve the  peace  in  a  remarkable  degree,  considering  their 
number,  and  the  character  and  duties  they  had  to  perform ; 
no  sei-ious  riots  or  disturbances  had  occurred;  and  consider- 
ing the  number  of  policemen,  in  proportion  to  the  popula-* 
tion,  and  the  area  of  the  city,  some  portion  of  which,  and 
those  at  tlie  greatest  distance  from  the  station  house,  requir- 
ing the  constant  attendance  of  policemen  to  give  adequate 
protection  and  satisfaction  to  the  citizens  residing  in  these 
localities,  the  police  had  done  all  that  could  have  been  rea- 


76  POLICE    PROCEEDINGS    AS    AXXUALLY    REPORTED. 

sonably  expected.  The  number  of  policemen  was  less,  in 
proportion  to  population,  than  in  other  cities,  notably  Xew 
York,  Hartford,  Brooklyn  and  Albany. 

The  following  shows  the  number  of  arrests  made  by 
the  police  during  the  year:  Males,  1,306;  females,  233: 
total,  1,539. 

Year  Ending  June  1,  1863. 

According  to  the  chief's  report  for  the  following  year 
(June  1,  1S63),  the  changes  which  had  occurred  in  the  reg- 
ular force  during  the  year  we]-e  :  The  resignation  of  Captain 
AVales  French,  September  2,  1862  ;  the  resignation  of  Pa- 
trolman Luther  P.  Darrow,  Xovember  IT,  1862;  and  the 
resignation  of  Pati'olman  Jefferson  B.  Shaw,  February  23, 
1863;  the  promotion  of  Lieutenant  O.  A.  Monson  to  the 
office  of  captain,  September,  8,  1862,  vice  Captain  Wales 
French,  resigned;  the  promotion  of  Patrolman  Treadwell 
Smith  to  the  office  of  lieutenant,  vice  Lieutenant  O.  A. 
Monson,  promoted  to  the  office  of  captain ;  the  appointment 
to  the  regular  force  of  Edwin  D.  Tucker,  Freeman  M. 
AViser,  and  Thomas  Kennedy,  in  the  places  severally  made 
vacant  by  the  promotion  of  Treadwell  Smith  to  the  office  of 
Lieutenant,  and  by  the  resignation  of  Messrs.  Darrow  and 
Shaw. 

The  department  consisted  of  thirty-four  members,  in- 
cluding one  chief,  one  captain,  one  lieutenant,  sixteen  regu- 
lar and  fifteen  supernumerary  policemen. 

On  the  9th  day  of  September,  1862,  the  department  took 
possession  of  the  new  rooms  provided  for  it  in  the  Hall  of 
Records. 


POLICE    PROCEEDIXOS    AS    ANNUALLY    KKPORTKD.  77 

There  was  arrested  during  the  year:  ^Liles,  1,45(»;  fe- 
males, 3SS  :  total,  1,S38. 

Year  Ending  May  31,  ISOl. 

The  principal  lahors  of  the  department  during  the  year 
ending  May  31,  1S(U,  were  discharged  in  a  highly  satisfac- 
tory manner.  By  the  limitations  of  the  statute  under  which 
the  force  was  organized,  the  terms  of  office  of  the  chief, 
captain,  lieutenant  and  thirteen  members  of  the  regular 
force,  and  eight  members  of  the  supernumerary  force,  ex- 
pired on  the  13tli  of  June,  1864. 

Throughout  the  last  year,  and  more  especially  during 
the  last  six  months,  the  chief  had  been  greatly  embarrassed 
upon  extra  occasions  to  obtain  the  requisite  number  of  men 
to  perform  the  duties  recpiired.  This  was  attributable,  in  a 
measure,  to  the  great  demand  for  mechanics  and  laborers  of 
all  kinds,  and  the  high  wages  which  their  services  com- 
manded. Supernumerary  policemen,  earning  more  at  their 
several  vocations,  did  not  care  to  interru2)t  their  regular 
business  for  the  purpose  of  doing  an  occasional  dav  or 
night's  duty  as  a  policeman.  In  view  of  these  facts,  the 
chief  renewed  the  suggestion  made  in  a  former  report,  that 
it  might  be  better  to  leave  the  number  and  extent  of  the 
police  force  to  the  discretion  of  the  board,  rather  than  to 
have  it  limited,  as  at  present,  by  statute. 

Year  Ending  June,  1865. 

The  whole  number  of  men  employed,  according  to  the 
repoi't  of  Chief  Elihu  Yale,  was  twenty-three,  including 
officers.  There  were  twelve  supernumeraries.  The  city 
was  divided  into  seven  beating  wards  or  districts,  and  the 


78  POLICE    PR0CEP:DIXGS    as    AXXUALLY    EEPORTEI). 

men  were  assigned  to  duty  as  follows :  Fourteen  for  night 
duty,  and  six  for  the  day;  this  arrangement  of  labor  having 
been  found  to  be  most  advantageous  for  the  general  wel- 
fare of  the  city.  At  no  time  since  tlie  establishment  of  a 
police  system  in  Xew  Haven,  had  the  city  been  so  well 
guarded  during  the  night  season  as  it  now  Avas,  and  the 
present  arrangement  was  probably  as  good,  so  said  the  chief, 
as  could  be  devised  with  tlie  number  of  men  in  tlie  force. 

Whole  number  of  arrests,  1,749. 

Year  Endixo  Jcxe  1,  1866. 

As  at  present  oig-anized.  the  regular  police  force  of  the 
city  consisted  of  a  chief,  a  captain,  a  lieutenant,  and  twenty- 
five  patrolmen;  five  patrolmen  having  been  added  during 
the  year.  There  were  also  fifteen  supernumerary  police- 
men. The  following  changes  took  place  in  the  force  dur- 
ing the  year  : 

George  M.  White,  chief,  appointed  October  9. 

William  A.  Lincoln,  captain,  appointed  January  4. 

Xumber  of  arrests,  2,023. 

The  assignment  of  the  force  for  duty  was  as  follows: 
Of  the  twenty-five  regular  patrolmen,  seven  Avere  detailed 
for  day  duty,  and  seventeen  for  night  duty,  one  man  being 
kej^t  on  such  miscellaneous  duty  as  the  various  complaints 
made  at  the  office  necessitated.  The  division  of  labor  was 
believed  to  be  as  judicious  as  any  that  could  have  been  de- 
vised for  the  small  number  of  men  at  command,  yet  it  fell 
far  short  of  securing  that  effective  patroling  of  the  city 
which  the  public  expected,  and  which  security  to  life  and 
property  imperatively  demanded. 


POLICE    PKOCEEDIXGS    AS    ANNUALLY    KEPORTKD.  it> 

There  were  within  the  city  limits,  not  inchidiiig  (h»cks 
tiiid  puhlic  scjuares,  seventy-iive  miles  of  streets,  over  sixty 
miles  of  which  re(j[iiired  in  tlie  night  season  a  vigilant  patrol. 
To  effect  this,  the  city  was  divided  into  eight  districts, 
averaging  eight  miles  of  streets  each,  and  during  the  tonr  of 
duty  performed  by  the  night  men  only  two  men  could  he 
sent  to  each  district.  AYere  the  number  six  instead  of  two, 
something  hke  an  adequate  protection  of  life  and  property 
might  reasonably  be  demanded  at  the  hands  of  the  police. 
In  view  of  this,  it  was  earnestly  desired  that  such  an  addi- 
tion might  be  made  to  the  force  as  would  Ijring  it  to  corres- 
pond more  nearly  to  the  amount  of  duty  required. 
Yeak  Ending  June  1,  ISO 7. 

The  force,  as  constituted,  consisted  of  one  chief,  one 
ca2)tain,  one  lieutenant,  twenty-iive  regular  and  fifteen 
su23ernumerary  policemen.  The  supernumeraries  were  on 
dutv  onlv  in  an  emero^encv  demandino^  additional  streno^th, 
or  in  case  of  absence  (from  sickness  or  other  cause)  from  the 
regular  force.     The  following  changes  had  taken  place  : 

AVilliam  A.  Lincoln  appointed  chief  September  5,  1S66. 

Treadwell  Smith,  captain,  September  15,  1866. 

Francis  Smith,  lieutenant.  September  15,  1866. 

Arrests:  total,  2,183. 

The  amount  of  stolen  property  recovei'ed  during  the 
year  was  si,  142. 

Year  Ending  June  1,  1868. 

The  numerical  strength  of  the  force  was  one  chief,  one 
lieutenant,  twenty-two  regular  policemen,  and  nine  super- 
numeraries;  leaving  three   vacancies  on  the  regular  force, 


80  POLICE    PKOCEEDINGS    AS    ANNUALLY    REPORTED. 

and  six  on  supernnmerary.  The  duties  of  the  regular  force 
were  divided,  with  a  view  to  secure  with  the  small  numl)er 
emplo3^ed  the  best  protection  possible  to  the  city.  Seven- 
teen men  were  constantly  employed  on  night  duty ;  seven 
men  on  day  duty ;  and  one  man  as  special  detective.  An 
increase  of  the  force  was  deemed  a  necessity.  As  the  city 
increased  in  population,  the  demands  upon  the  force  were 
constantly  multiplying.  All  avenues  of  travel  to  and  from 
the  city  had  to  be  carefully  guarded,  requiring  tlie  almost 
constant  services  of  a  portion  of  the  force.  Details  were  so 
often  required  upon  occasions  of  a  public  nature,  that  tlie 
chief  complained  that  he  found  it  frequently  impossible  to 
afford  that  protection  to  life  and  property  which  citizens 
demanded. 

Prisoners:  Male,  1,705;  female,  391:  total,  2,096. 
Year  Ending  June  1,  1869. 

The  department  remained  the  same  in  numbers  as  the 
previous  year.  During  the  greater  part  of  the  year  most  of 
tlie  supernumerary  force  had  been  employed,  and  still  they 
had  not  been  able  to  give  that  protection  to  society  and 
property  which  citizens  demanded. 

Arrests:  Male,  1886;  female,  483:  total,  2,379. 

There  had  been  stolen  property  recovered  during  the 
year  to  the  amount  of  $5,665.75. 

Year  Ending  July  1,  1870. 

This  was  chief  AYilliam  J.  BoAven's  first  annual  report. 
It  had  been  the  custom  hitherto,  when  an  officer  had  dis- 
covered the  existence  of  a  crime,  or  the  haunts  or  hiding 
places  of  a  fugitive  from  justice,  to  give  the  facts  to  a  pro- 


J.VMKS    WUINN. 
CAl'TAlN       KIKST    SIATIOX. 


e  •^■:^^^^^^ 

J-        ■    . w^  .  A 

William  O'Kkkfi:. 

CAPTAIN.    SECOND    STATION. 


POLICE    PROCEEDINGS    AS    ANNUALLY    REPORTED.  81 

fessional  detective,  to  nse  according  to  his  judgment.  As  a 
result  of  this  course,  the  chief  had  found  that  some  othcers, 
ambitious  for  distinction,  had  assiduously  concealed  their 
discoveries,  in  the  hope  of  turning  them  to  their  own  ac- 
count, and  thus  afforded  offenders  an  opportunity  to  escape. 

While  conduct  of  this  character  was  reprehensible,  it 
was  almost  too  much  to  expect  that  officers  would  exercise 
the  same  vigilance  and  make  the  same  exertion  to  discover 
information  which  they  knew  would  be  taken  from  them 
without  credit,  and  bestowed  upon  another  who  would  re- 
ceive the  plaudits  of  the  community. 

The  chief  said  that  his  practice  had  been  in  every  in- 
stance where  an  officer  had  discovered  facts  of  value  to 
detail  him  for  the  duty  requii-ed,  unless  he  preferred  to  be 
excused,  and  in  case  of  success,  to  allow  him  to  enjoy  the 
honor.  In  cases  where  the  chief  was  of  opinion  that  the 
officer  was  not  in  all  resjDCcts  best  qualified  for  the  duty, 
another  officer  was  detailed  to  assist  him  in  the  work ;  and 
in  this  way  was  accomplished  what  the  public  good  required, 
without  depriving  the  first  officer  of  the  credit  due  to  his 
exertions.  The  chief  remarked  that  under  certain  circum- 
stances professional  detectives  might  be  of  special  superior 
importance,  but  he  strongly  inclined  to  the  opinion  that, 
save  in  very  rare  instances,  they  were  not  as  valuable  as 
other  officers,  and  that  they  were  not  necessary.  In  his 
experience  he  had  found  no  occasion  for  the  employment 
of  a  detective,  where  another  officer  would  not  have  per- 
formed the  duty  with  equal  sagacity  and  skill.  It  was 
claimed  that  detectives  were  especially  important  in  cases 


82  POLICE    PROCEEDIXGS    AS    ANNUALLY    REPORTED. 

involving  the  discovery  and  restoration  of  stolen  goods  or 
money.  In  most  of  the  cases,  however,  the  property  was 
restored  upon  the  understanding,  expressed  or  implied,  that 
there  should  be  no  prosecution.  This  system  the  chief  re- 
garded as  pei'nicious  in  the  extreme,  and  believed  it  better 
that  the  pro2)erty  should  never  l)e  reclaimed,  than  that  it 
should  be  under  conditions  that  fostered  rather  than  pre- 
vented crime. 

The  force  as  then  organized  consisted  of  forty  ordinary 
policemen,  fifteen  of  whom  were  supernumeraries.  Tlie 
requirements  of  the  public  were  so  great,  that  all  of  the 
latter  class  had  to  be  placed  upon  regulai-  daily  duty,  leav- 
ing no  authorized  men  for  emergencies. 

In  reference  to  the  police  force  there  were  tAvo  or  three 
things  that  the  chief  would  earnestly  recommend.  There 
was  scarcely  a  day  of  the  year  that  prisoners  were  not 
brought  to  the  prison  in  a  state  of  drunkenness,  some  mad- 
dened by  the  eifects  of  the  liquor,  and  others  delirious.  In 
either  of  these  conditions  they  almost  invariabh^  endeavored 
to  destroy  the  bedsteads  in  the  cells  where  tliey  were  con- 
fined. As  these  were  made  of  wood,  they  found  but  little 
difficulty  in  effecting  their  destruction.  He  would  there- 
fore suggest  the  propriety,  believing  it  economical  in  the 
end,  of  substituting  iron  drop  bedsteads,  such  as  could  not  be 
wrenched  from  their  fastenings  by  the  inmates  of  the  cells. 
A  very  large  number  of  persons  were  brought  to  the  station 
who  ought  to  be  inmates  of  the  hospital.  Many  of  these 
persons  were  partially  or  wholly  disabled,  and  were  proper 
subjects  for  medical  or  surgical  treatment,  and  of  charity. 


POLICE    PROCEEDINGS    AS    ANNUALLY    REPORTED.  83 

Some  humane  provision  sliould  be  made  for  the  comfort  and 
care  of  persons  of  this  character.  The  recent  escape  of  four 
prisoners  from  the  police  prison,  by  the  removal  of  a  pipe 
connected  with  the  furnace  that  afforded  heat  to  the  supe- 
rior court  room,  rendered  it  proper  that  the  chief  should 
call  attention  to  its  insecurity.  There  were  other  places 
that  were  very  insecure  against  the  skill  of  blirglai's  or  pris- 
on-breakers, and  they  sliould  be  strengthened. 

Arrests:  Males,  2,082;  females,  413:  total,  2,495. 
Year  Ending  January  1,  IS 72. 

The  chief's  report  included  a  period  of  nineteen  months, 
ending  January  1,  1872.  In  a  city  growing  as  rapidly  as 
Kew  Haven,  there  must  be,  from  time  to  time,  some  im- 
provements ordered  by  the  board  of  police  commissioners. 
The  chief  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  public  interest 
would  be  better  served  by  a  verbal  communication  between 
the  commissioners  and  officers  of  the  force  than  by  lengthy 
written  documents,  subject  to  publication,  and  perhaps  gen- 
eral inspection.  That  an  increase  of  the  force  was  needed 
the  commissioners  were  aware,  and  they  were  also  fully  in- 
formed of  other  matters  connected  with  providing  for  bet- 
ter patrolling  of  the  city. 

Chief  Hyde,  sparing  of  official  ink  and  paper,  tlien  sub- 
mitted statistics  of  arrests,  etc. 

Total  number  of  arrests,  5,363.  Amount  of  stolen  prop- 
erty recovered,  $9,684.90. 

Since  the  last  report  many  important  changes  had  oc- 
curred in  the  police  department.  On  the  15th  of  July, 
1870,  under  the  provisions  of  the  charter,  the  term  of  office 


84  POLICE    PROCEEDINGS    AS    ANNUALLY    EEPORTED. 

of  the  existing  board,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Hoadlev  B.  Ives^ 
Tilton  E.  Doolittle,  Thomas  H.  Fulton,  Herrick  P.  Frost, 
Evelyn  L.  Bissell  and  Patrick  Gallagher,  expired,  and  the 
newly  elected  commissioners,  Messrs.  William  R.  Shelton, 
Henry  A.  Carrington,  John  Egan  and  Charles  Fabrique 
assumed  the  duties  of  their  office.  Commissioner  Shelton 
was  elected  chairman ^>/'c>  tern,  at  thelirst  meeting.  After  a 
careful  consideration  of  the  subject,  the  board,  on  the  20th 
of  August,  1870,  adopted  a  code  of  rules  prescribing  the 
qualifications  of  patrolmen  and  the  form  of  an  application 
for  appointment  upon  the  police  force.  On  the  26th  of 
October,  1870,  the  board,  after  a  thorough  consideration  of 
the  matter,  adopted  a  code  of  rules  for  the  government  of 
the  j)olice  force,  and  supplied  the  members  of  the  same  with 
printed  copies,  prepared  in  a  convenient  form.  On  the  13th 
of  August,  1870,  William  J.  Bowen,  chief  of  police,  was 
tried  by  the  board  upon  charges  preferred,  and  found 
guilty,  and  was  thereupon  dismissed. 

To  fill  the  vacancy  thus  caused,  AVilliam  B.  Catlin,  cap- 
tain of  police,  was  made  acting  chief ;  James  T.  Mullen, 
lieutenant,  was  made  acting  captain,  and  Peter  Sheridan 
was  made  acting  lieutenant. 

The  board  having  been  authorized  by  the  court  of  com- 
mon council,  in  October,  1870,  to  increase  the  police  force 
to  the  number  of  one  hundred,  fifty-two  applications  were 
received  for  appointment  upon  the  force. 

The  board,  after  an  examination  of  the  applicants,  re- 
appointed fifteen  members  of  the  old  force  as  patrolmen, 


POLICE    PROCEEDINGS    AS    ANNUALLY    REPORTED.  85 

and  also  appointed  thirty-three  other  appHcants,  making  the 
total  nnniber  of  appointments  forty-eight.  There  were 
also  appointed,  as  required  by  the  charter,  fifteen  super- 
numeraries. 


CHAPTEE  YIIL 

A    MARKED    IMPROVEMENT    IX    THE    FORCE. 

This  is  Attributable  to  the  Vigilance  of  the  Chief  in  Enforcing  the 
Rules— Completion  of  the  Police  Telegraph^Intoxication — Of- 
fenders to  be  Punished  with  Dismissal— Site  for  a  Police  Building 
Selected — More  Patrolmen  Demanded— Few  Noticeable  Breaches 
of  the  Peace. 

r\N  the  21st  day  of  July,  1S71,  Messrs.  William  W 
Horse  and  George  W.  M.  Reed,  having  been  elected 
commissioners,  assumed  the  office,  taking  the  places  of 
Messrs.  Charles  Fabriqiie  and  John  Egan,  whose  terms  had 
expired.  On  the  Slth  of  July,  IS 71,  the  declination  of 
Charles  Webster  of  the  office  of  chief  of  police  was  accepted^ 
and  William  M.  Hyde  was  made  acting  chief  of  police. 

During  the  past  nineteen  months  twenty-two  jDolicemen 
had  been  arraigned  before  the  board  upon  the  chai'ge  of 
some  breach  of  the  rules  of  the  department.  In  five  cases 
the  officers  were  dismissed  from  the  force ;  in  one  case  rep- 
rimanded ;  two  cases  were  dropped ;  two  suspended  from 
duty ;  six  not  sustained ;  one  sustained ;  five  pending. 
Year  Ending  January  1,  1873. 

Xot  a  few  noteworthy  and  desirable  changes  had  been 
effected  in  the  department  during  the  past  year.  On  the 
30th  of  July,  the  terms  of  William  R.  Shelton  and  Henry 


A    MARKED    IMPROVEMENT    IN    THE    FORCE.  87 

A.  Carriiigton  having  expired  uii  the  20th  of  June,  Messrs. 
Dexter  Ti.  Wright  and  John  Shannalian  were  sworn  in  as 
members  of  the  board,  having  been  duly  elected  such  by 
tlie  court  of  common  counciL  Commissioner  Morse  was 
cliosen  president  j!;^'6>  t<'7n.  At  the  same  session  tlie  board 
voted  to  recommend  the  common  council  to  increase  the 
police  force  to  one  hundred  men,  being  an  addition  of  fifty 
men.  On  the  Ttli  of  August  the  common  council  voted  to 
increase  the  force  to  eighty-five  men,  and  the  additional 
men  were  to  be  appointed  during  the  ensuing  year.  The 
board  also  increased  the  salary  of  the  chief  to  $2,500  per 
annum  and  the  pay  of  the  patrolmen  to  $3  per  day,  such 
increase  to  take  effect  on  the  first  of  January,  1873.  On 
the  third  of  September  a  rule  was  adopted  allowing  patrol- 
men a  day  for  each  month,  and  the  pay  of  the  captain  was 
fixed  at  $1,642.50  per  annum,  and  that  of  the  lieutenant  at 
81,160  per  annum,  the  change  to  go  into  effect  on  the  1st  of 
January,  IS 73. 

On  the  3d  of  December  the  board  directed  Mr.  J.  Mur- 
ray Fairchild  to  proceed  with  the  erection  of  a  police  tele- 
graph, and  its  construction  was  immediately  commenced. 

At  a  special  meeting  of  the  board  on  the  13th  of  Decem- 
ber Chai'les  W.  Allen  was  elected  to  the  office  of  chief  of 
police,  which  office  had  been  vacant  since  the  13th  of  Au- 
gust, 1870.  During  the  year  136  applications  were  made  to 
the  board  for  appointment  on  the  force.  Eleven  were  ap- 
pointed. Six  officers  tendered  their  resignations,  which 
were  accepted.  Charges  were  preferred  against  seventeen 
officers. 


88  A    MARKED    IMPKOVEMEXT    IN    THE    FOPwCE. 

During  the  year  the  salaries  paid  the  force  amounted  to 
$52,633. 

Year  Ending  July  1,  IS 74. 

During  the  year  there  had  been  a  marked  improvement 
in  the  efficiency,  condition  and  appearance  of  the  force, 
Avhich  was  largely  accomplished  (according  to  the  commis- 
sioners) through  the  firm  and  judicious  management  of  the 
chief  officer,  who  had  enforced  such  discipline  as  to  secure 
promptitude  on  the  part  of  the  ]3atrolmen,  as  well  as  a 
proper  spirit  in  the  discharge  of  their  many  and  arduous 
duties. 

During  the  period  between  January  1  and  July  13,  1873, 
the  board  consisted  of  Commissioners  Morse,  Eeed,  Wright, 
and  Shannahan.  On  the  latter  date  the  terms  of  the  two 
first  expired,  and  the  vacancies  were  filled  by  the  election 
of  Messrs.  George  M.  Harmon  and  Carl  G.  Engel,  who  upon 
the  21st  day  of  July,  1873,  were  sworn  into  office  and  took 
seats  in  the  board.  On  the  2d  of  September  the  board  was 
reorganized  hy  the  election  of  Commissioner  Wright  as 
elmirmem  jjro  tern. 

The  following  items  embrace  the  important  acts  per- 
formed by  the  board  during  the  year  : 

On  the  7th  of  January  the  chief  was  authorized  to  de- 
tail an  officer  to  perform  the  clerical  duties  of  the  police 
office,  and  under  that  authority  an. officer  was  so  detailed. 
Upon  the  same  day,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  cliief, 
the  existing  detective  system  was  abolished,  and  he  was  em- 
powered to  detail  officers  from  time  to  time,  as  occasion  re- 
quired, to  do  detective  work. 


A    MARKED    IMPROVEMENT    IX    THE    FORCE.  89 

On  February  14:  the  hoard  adopted  a  new  rule  for  the 
purpose  of  securing  promptness  on  the  part  of  the  patrol- 
men, wliich  provided  that  any  officer  who  was  absent  from 
drill  should  be  fined  one  day's  pay. 

Upon  the  same  date,  the  police  telegraph  having  been 
fully  completed  and  in  working  order,  J.  Murray  Fairchild 
was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  line. 

Early  in  tlie  year  the  board  became  convinced,  from  their 
experience  Avitli  a  number  of  cases  occurring  among  the 
patrolmen,  that  vigorous  measures  should  be  adopted  to 
prevent  the  offense  of  intoxication.  On  the  first  of  April  a 
rule  was  adopted  providing  that  the  oifense  of  intoxication, 
while  on  duty,  should,  upon  the  conviction  of  the  offender, 
be  cause  for  his  dismissal,  and  that  no  extenuating  circum- 
stances should  be  considered. 

On  the  21st  of  July  the  board  voted  to  establish  the 
oflice  of  an  additional  roundsman. 

At  the  opening  of  the  year  the  force  consisted  of  fifty 
patrolmen  and  three  officers.  There  were  added  during  the 
year,  by  appointment,  thirty-eight  patrolmen  and  one  super- 
numeraiy,  and  there  were  received  by  the  board  and  ordered 
on  file  forty-six  applications  asking  for  appointment  upon 
the  force.  During  the  year  nineteen  ofiicers  were  arraigned 
before  the  board  upon  charges  for  alleged  infractions  of  the 
rules  and  orders  of  the  department. 

The  expenses  of  the  department  for  the  year  amounted 
to  891.242.60,  of  which  8^^3,995.75  Avas  expended  for  the 
payment  of  the  salaries  of  the  force,  S3,0(>J:.52  for  the  po- 
lice telegraph,  82,253.98  for  contingent  expenses,  89T9.10 


90  A    MARKED    IMPROVEMENT    IN    THE    FORCE. 

for  office  expenses,  §^09. 25  for  cemetery  watclimen.  The 
large  increase  of  tlie  police  made  it  necessaiy  to  enlarge  the 
accommodations  of  the  patrolmen's  quarters. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  year  the  steps  necessary  to  be 
taken  to  obtain  a  site  for  a  police  building  were  completed, 
and  a  lot  of  ample  size  for  such  a  structure,  located  on 
Court  street  and  adjoining  the  police  prison,  was  purchased 
by  the  city.  There  was  also  granted  by  vote  of  the  common 
council,  an  additional  sum  of  money  amounting  to  $15,000, 
for  the  construction  of  the  building,  making  the  total  sum 
set  aside  for  that  purpose  $75,000.  During  the  summer  a 
committee  of  the  common  council  received  proj^osals  for 
erecting  the  structure  and  awarded  the  contracts,  and  in  the 
early  fall  ground  was  broken  for  the  work,  and  from  that 
time  on  the  erection  of  the  building  had  gone  on  rapidly. 
Year  Ending  January  1,  IS 75. 

The  discipline  of  the  force  had  been  well  maintained 
during  the  year,  and  discharged  its  important  and  onerous 
duties  with  effectiveness  and  success.  During  the  year  a 
reorganization  of  the  board  had  been  accomplished  through 
an  amendment  to  the  charter  of  the  city  adopted  by  the  pre- 
vious legislature.  From  January  1  to  October  21,  ls71:,  the 
board  remained  unchanged  and  consisted  of  Commissioners 
Dexter  R.  Wright,  John  Shannahan,  George  M.  Harmon 
and  Carl  G.  Engel,  the  common  council  having  failed  to 
elect  two  commissioners  in  June,  as  the  charter  then  pro- 
vided, to  succeed  Messrs.  Wright  and  Shannahan.  Under 
the  amendment  to  the  charter  referred  to,  the  mayor  was 
authorized  to  appoint  a  board  of  police  commissioners  sub- 


A    MARKED    IMPROVEMEXT    IX    THE    FORCE.  01 

ject  to  a  confirmation  by  the  board  of  aldermen.  On  the  2i)th 
of  October,  1874,  the  mayor  and  aldermen  appointed  a  new 
l)oard  of  commissioners,  consisting  of  the  following  named 
gentlemen:  Messrs.  William  H.  Bradley,  Samuel  E.  Mer- 
Avin,  Jr.,  Charles  B.  AVooster,  Carlos  Smith  and  Patrick 
Gallagher;  the  tirst  two  to  serve  until  January  1,  1878,  the 
second  two  to  serve  until  January  1,  1877,  and  the  last 
named  to  serve  until  January  1,  1876.  The  newly  ap- 
pointed board  took  their  seats  and  were  sworn  into  office  on 
the  21st  of  October,  1871.  During  the  month  of  April  the 
department  took  possession  of  their  apartments  in  the  police 
building  erected  the  previous  year.  At  the  opening  of  the 
year  the  force  was  full,  and  was  comprised  of  a  chief,  a  cap- 
tain, a  lieutenant,  two  roundsmen,  two  sergeants  and  eighty- 
one  patrolmen,  making  a  total  of  eighty-eight.  Kine  patrol- 
men had  been  appointed  and  two  resigned. 

Owing  to  the  frequency  of  incendiary  fires  occurring  in 
the  city,  the  board  voted  to  authorize  the  chief  to  employ 
one  or  more  detectives  for  the  purpose  of  detecting  incendi- 
ai'ies,  and  three  men  were  so  employed.  Under  authority 
given  by  the  common  council  the  board  assumed  the  con- 
trol and  direction  of  the  Sunday  watchmen  at  the  ceme- 
teries, and  adopted  rules  for  their  government. 

Upon  the  new  board  taking  their  seats,  October  21, 
Commissioner  William  H.  Bradley  was  chosen  chairman, 
and  on  the  3d  of  Xovember  the  board  adopted  a  revision  of 
the  rules  and  orders  for  the  department,  placing  them  in 
harmony  with  the  revised  charter.  Throughout  the  year  the 
force  had  attended  a  weekly  drill,  and  the  men  liad  faithfully 


92  A    MARKED    IMPROVEMENT    IX    THE    FORCE. 

observed  tlie  rules  requiring  a  neat  and  proper  appearance. 
The  expenses  of  the  department  amounted  to  $99,174.56,  an 
increase  over  the  previous  year  of  $7,931.96,  which  was 
caused  bv  the  increase  in  the  number  of  patrohnen.  Of  the 
amount  expended  $96,664.83  was  for  the  salaries  of  the 
members  of  the  police,  including  cemetery  watchmen ; 
$1,066.30  for  contingent  expenses,  $1,055.30  office  expenses, 
and  $388.13  for  the  police  telegraph. 

Xumber  of  arrests :  Males,  4,11:3 ;  females,  eS^i :  total, 
5,109. 

Year  Ending  January  1,  1876. 

Much  of  the  time  of  the  board  at  its  sessions  had  been 
consumed  in  the  trial  of  charges  preferred  against  police 
officers.  On  the  4th  of  May  the  board  voted  to  make  the 
maximum  number  of  patrolmen  on  the  force  eighty  men. 
During  the  fall  the  city,  in  common  with  adjacent  commu- 
nities, suffered  from  the  visits  of  burglars.  To  provide  for 
the  emergency  several  special  police  were  detailed.  With 
this  exception  the  city  had  been  very  free  from  crimes  of 
much  magnitude. 

The  expenses  of  the  department  for  the  year  were 
$95,323.67,  of  which  $463.50  was  for  ambulance,  $960.02 
for  sundries,  $162.98  for  telegraph,  and  $93,737.17  for  pay 
of  men,  including  the  cemetery  watchmen. 

Number  of  arrests  :  Male,  4,442  ;  female,  650.  Amount 
of  stolen  property  recovered,  $3,295.50. 

Year  Ending  January  1,  1877. 

At  the  opening  of  the  year  there  were  pending  before  the 
board  charges  asrainst  some  of  the  officers,  and  during  the  year 


A    MAKKKD    IMPIK^VE^VIENT    IN    THE    FORCE.  93 

charges  liad  been  made  against  eighteen  otiicers.  On  the 
10th  of  April  the  board  appointed  James  A.  Wilkinson 
superintendent  of  the  police  telegraph.  On  the  l(»tli  of 
Jul}'  the  hoard  voted  not  to  fill  vacancies,  which  had  the 
effect  to  reduce  the  force  to  the  number  of  seventy-four 
men  in  all.  These  consisted  of  one  chief,  one  lieutenant, 
two  sergeants,  two  roundsmen,  and  sixty-seven  patrolmen. 
The  force  had  maintained  its  discipline  and  efficiency,  and 
nothing  out  of  the  ordinary  character  had  marked  its 
history. 

Total  number  of  arrests  during  the  year,  4,756 ;  lodgers, 
4,786  ;  stolen  property  recovered,  §5,725.  The  largest  nuni- 
l)er  of  arrests  had  been  for  assaults  630,  for  drunkenness 
2,361,  for  theft  319,  for  burglary  33,  for  vagrancy  163,  for 
violating  city  ordinances  131  ;  546  stores  and  shops  had 
l)een  found  open  in  the  night ;  136  lost  children  had  been 
restored  to  their  parents;  4,990  street  lamps  reported 
broken,  out  of  order,  or  not  lighted. 

Constant  and  uro-ent  demands  had  been  made  by  citizens 
residing  and  doing  business  outside  of  the  central  portions 
of  the  city  for  more  patrolmen,  claiming  that  as  tax-payers 
they  were  entitled  to  more  police  protection.  Owing  to 
the  present  number  of  men  it  was  impossible  to  comply 
with  the  requests.  The  average  number  of  night  patrol- 
men on  duty  was  forty-seven.  Some  of  the  night  men  had 
over  live  miles  of  streets  to  patrol,  and  some  of  the  day  men 
had  more  than  ten  miles  of  streets  on  their  beats.  Officers 
Philip  Eeilly  and  James  P.  Branner  had  acted  as  special 
detectives  during  the  year. 


94  A    MAKKED    IMPROVEMENT    IN    THE    FORCE. 

Year  Ending  January  1,  IS 78. 

There  liad  been  no  appointments  made  the  past  year,  not 
for  the  reason  that  the  board  did  not  unanimously  think 
that  the  force  should  have  been  increased,  but  that  the  com- 
mon council  had  so  far  reduced  the  appropriation  that  the 
board  found  it  necessary  to  reduce  tlie  pay  of  the  officers 
and  patrohnen  from  15  to  20  per  cent,  in  order  to  retain  the 
number  then  on  the  force,  some  ten  men  less  than  the  board 
thought  it  should  consist  of.  There  had  been  many  requests 
from  citizens  outside  central  beats  for  police  protection,  with 
which  requests  the  board  had  found  it  impossible  to  comply. 
The  board  discontinued  the  office  of  roundsman,  and  had  the 
duty  assigned  them  performed  by  the  sergeants.  During  the 
year  the  common  council  made  a  special  appropriation  of 
§3,285  to  the  board,  with  instructions  to  increase  the  pay  of 
the  patrohnen  twenty-five  cents  to  each  man  per  day,  from 
July  1,  18TT,  to  January  1,  1878.  The  board  carried  out 
these  instructions. 

The  total  number  of  men  was  71.  Total  number  of 
arrests,  3,926;  lodgers,  5,568;  stolen  property  recovered 
and  returned  to  owners,  821,255.81. 

The  large  number  of  arrests  had  been,  for  assaults  466, 
for  drunkenness  1,647,  for  thefts  329,  for  burglary  44,  for 
vagrancy  191,  for  violating  city  ordinances  86,  for  violating 
license  law  85 ;  642  stores  and  shops  had  been  found  open 
in  the  night  season;  103  lost  children  had  been  restored  to 
their  parents ;  129  stray  horses,  with  vehicles  attached,  had 
been  found  on  the  streets  and  restored  to  their  owners ;  31 
criminals  from  other  cities  and  towns  had  been  arrested  and 


A    MAKKKD    IMPROVEMENT    IN    THE    FORCE.  95 

lianded  over  to  the  authorities  of  their  places ;  5,639  street 
lamps  were  reported  broken,  out  of  order,  or  not  lighted. 

Tliere  were  over  128  miles  of  sti-eets  to  patrol  in  the 
city.  The  avei-age  numl)er  of  day  policemen  on  duty  was 
l-t,  and  the  average  number  of  night  patrolmen  on  duty 
was  12. 

In  no  branch  of  the  govermnent  were  the  actions  of  its 
employes  so  much  criticised  as  that  of  the  police  depart- 
ment, and  more  was  expected  of  it  than  of  any  other  depart- 
ment. But  few  cases  of  charges  preferred  as^ainst  police- 
men had  required  severe  discipline.  Owing  to  the  reduced 
number  of  the  force,  the  men  had  been  called  upon  to  per- 
form continuous  extra  duty  during  the  year,  and  with  few 
exceptions  had  rendered  cheerful  obedience  to  all  demands 
made  upon  them  by  their  superior  officers. 

Year  Ending  January  1,  1879. 

The  entire  number  of  men  connected  with  the  depart- 
ment was  79,  assigned  for  duty  as  follows :  1  ch'ief,  1  cap- 
tain, 1  lieutenant,  2  detectives,  2  roundsmen,  1  truant  offi- 
cer, 1  clerk,  2  doormen,  51  night  patrolmen,  15  day  patrol- 
men, and  2  supernumeraries  on  night  duty. 

Total  number  of  arrests,  4,431: ;  total  number  of  lodgers, 
3,925  ;  stolen  property  recovered,  $18,632.20. 

The  larger  number  of  arrests  had  been  for  assaults  556, 
for  drunkenness  1,976,  for  burglary  55,  for  thefts  326,  for 
vagrancy  191,  for  violations  of  city  ordinances  81,  for  viola- 
tion of  liquor  license  law,  143 ;  711  stores  and  shops  had 
been  found  open  in  the  night;  161  lost  children  restored  to 
their  parents ;  83  horses,  with  vehicles  attached,  had  been 


96  A    MARKED    IMPROYEMEXT    IN    THE    FORCE. 

found  on  the  streets  and  returned  to  their  owners ;  4,072  gas 
and  naj)tlia  street  lamps  had  been  reported  broken,  out  of 
order,  or  not  lighted.  There  had  been  an  increase  in  the 
arrests  for  drunkenness  the  past  year ;  tlie  arrests  for  drunk- 
enness in  the  year  IS  77  were  1,647;  in  the  year  1S7S  the 
arrests  were  1,976 ;  arrests  for  violating  the  license  law  in 
the  year  1877  were  86;  for  the  year  1878  the  arrests  were 
143.  There  had  been  a  lars^e  decrease  in  the  number  of 
lodgers.  In  the  year  1877  5,568  were  accommodated  with 
lodgings  ;  in  the  year  1878  there  were  3,925. 

There  had  been  $18,632  stolen  property  recovered  and 
returned  to  the  owners  the  past  year.  Most  of  the  jDrop- 
erty  received  was  claimed  by  non-residents  of  the  city.  Xot 
$1,000  of  value  of  property  had  been  reported  stolen  and 
missing  daring  the  year  that  had  not  been  recovered. 
Year  Ending  December  1,  1879. 

The  force  consisted  of  a  chief,  captain,  lieutenant,  two 
detectives,  two  roundsmen  and  seventy-seven  patrolmen,  the 
office  of  sergeant  having  been  discontinued.  There  had 
been  no  i*adical  changes  in  the  general  principles  or  rules 
governing  the  conduct  of  the  department.  On  the  1st  of 
October  there  was  a  revision  of  the  orders  deiinino:  the  beats 
patrolled,  regard  being  had  to  distances  and  time  required 
for  each  turn  of  duty.  From  tlie  time  this  improvement 
had  been  carried  out  the  complaints  of  citizens  in  places  re- 
mote from  central  beats  were  greatly  diminished,  while  the 
men  were  better  satisfied  as  to  the  distribution  of  work. 
The  number  of  miles  patrolled  by  each  officer  was  more 
equalized  than  before  the  change,  and  the  duties  of  the 


^m       -'^  ^, 


James  F.   BRK^YER, 

CAPTAIN.    FOURTH    STATION. 


li^l 

It 

if 

4 
1 

\^^   'w 

^ 

^I^^^S^^H 

H 

Patrick  Bergin, 
sergeant. 


A    MARKED    IMrROVEMPZNT    IN    THE    FORCE.  97 

roundsman  rendered  less  perplexing.  Policemen  were  de- 
tailed for  special  service  on  days  of  public  celebrations,  or 
whenever  certain  streets  were  likely  to  be  unusually 
thronged,  and  there  were  regular  patr(.)lmen  detailed  at  the 
railroad  depots  and  steamboat  landings,  the  ofHcers  making 
it  a  point  of  their  duty  to  direct  strangers  and  assist  those 
who  appeared  to  need  help. 

As  compared  with  previous  years,  there  had  been  few 
noticeable  breaches  of  public  peace.  On  the  1st  of  Xovem- 
ber  a  change  was  made  in  the  method  of  lighting  and  ex- 
tinguishing the  public  lamps,  which  had  been  found  to  be 
of  great  service  to  the  department  in  enabling  them  to  bet- 
ter see  whatever  should  come  under  their  observation  during 
the  early  morning  watch.  The  almost  total  disappearance 
of  tramps  from  the  city  was  a  matter  for  congratulation. 

Xumber  of  arrests :    Male,   3,386 ;  female,   561 :    total, 
3,91:7.     Amount  of  stolen  property  recovered,  $11,174.33. 
Year  Ending  December  1,  1880. 

The  revision  of  orders  defining  the  beats  patrolled,  which 
were  made  near  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  had  worked  very 
satisfactorily.  The  force  consisted  of  one  chief,  one  cap- 
tain, one  lieutenant,  and  eighty-one  patrolmen.  Two  of  the 
latter  were  permanently  engaged  in  detective  service,  two 
performed  the  duties  of  roundsmen,  one  as  truant  ofiicer, 
one  as  clerk  and  street  duty,  two  as  doormen  and  hack  in- 
spectors, leaving  the  actual  number  for  patrol  seventy-one. 
On  June  1  the  force  was  increased  by  the  addition  of  four 
patrolmen.  In  view  of  tlie  comparatively  small  loss  during 
the  year  by  professional  thieves,  burglars  and  pickpockets, 


98  A    MARKED    IMPROVEMENT    IN    THE    FORCE. 

the  facility  and  expedition  with  which  all  crimes  committed 
had  been  followed  up  and  the  criminals  bronglit  to  pnnisli- 
ment,  the  freedom  from  visits  or  raids  by  gangs  of  profes- 
sional thieves,  the  discipline  maintained,  the  large  amount 
of  extra  duty  performed  consequent  upon  an  exciting  presi- 
dential campaign,  altogether  make  an  exliibition  that  might 
command  the  scrutiny  of  taxpayers  and  others  who  had  an 
interest  in  the  careful,  prudent  conduct  of  the  department. 

Several  stolen  teams  had  been  recovered,  and  in  nearly 
every  instance  the  thief  or  thieves  had  been  secured  and 
brought  to  justice.  The  stolen  property  of  other  kinds  re- 
covered had  been  quite  large.  The  operation  of  the  tramp 
law  during  the  year  had  been  most  satisfactory.  The  city 
had  been  almost  entirely  freed  of  a  class  who  were,  as  a 
general  rule,  dangerous  to  the  peace  and  welfare  of  the 
community. 

For  the  promotion  of  system  and  good  order,  and  for 
the  better  preservation  of  the  peace  and  welfare  of  the  com- 
munity, the  city  was  divided  into  thirty-two  beats. 

There  were  also  five  serving  men  who  were  called  on 
the  center  in  the  early  part  of  the  night,  and  were  used  for 
extra  occasions. 

Kumber  of  arrests:  Male,  4,062;  female,  549;  total, 
4,611. 

Year  Ending  December  1,  1881. 

The  force  consisted  of  a  chief,  captain,  lieutenant,  ser- 
geant, two  detectives,  two  roundsmen,  one  truant  officer,  and 
seventy-two  patrolmen.  During  the  past  year  there  liad 
been  a  marked  improvement  in  the  morale  of  the  force,  and 


A    MARKED    IMPROVEMENT    IN   THE    FORCE.  99 

ail  evident  disposition  on  the  part  of  most  of  the  officers  to 
discharge  tlieir  sev^eral  duties  in  a  manner  to  meet  the  ap- 
proval of  citizens  and  tax-payers.  The  rules  adopted  by  the 
board  had  been  carried  out  in  a  spirit  of  willingness  on  the 
part  of  the  force  that  was  quite  gratifying.  During  the 
year  two  officers  were  discharged  from  the  force  for  neglect 
of  duty,  and  two  resigned. 

There  was  still  great  need  of  better  police  protection  on 
the  outskirts  of  the  city,  which  it  seemed  almost  impossible 
to  give  with  the  present  number  of  policemen.  The  chief 
expressed  the  opinion  that  much  of  the  difficulty  might  be 
in  a  great  measure  overcome  by  adopting  the  plan  of 
mounted  police,  say  three  in  number,  who  being  in  position 
to  move  rapidly  from  place  to  place,  would  thereby  be  able 
to  cover  a  large  number  of  exposed  points,  and  avert  the 
necessity  of  appointing  a  number  of  additional  patrolmen 
for  outskirt  duty.  The  rapid  increase  of  population,  and 
the  large  amount  of  territory  which  it  covered,  would  seem 
to  call  for  additional  police  precincts  at  no  distant  day.  Un- 
der the  present  system  officers  often  arrest  persons  a  long 
distance  from  the  police  station,  and  the  time  consumed  in 
taking  the  prisoner  to  the  lockup  was  of  considerable  im- 
portance. 

The  arrests  of  the  past  year  far  exceeded  those  of  any 
former  year. 

Number  of  arrests:  Male,  4,309;  female,  539:  total, 
4,848.     Amount  of  stolen  property  recovered,  $52,451.99. 


CHAPTEK  IX. 

THE  TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH. 

An  Important  Auxiliary  to  the  Police  Department — The  Mechanism 
Described— Of  Great  Value  to  the  Force— The  Patrol  Wagon — 
The  Policeman's  Best  Friend. 

Year  Ending  December  1,  1SS2. 
"T^HE  department  consisted  of  one  cliief,  one  captain,  one 
lieutenant,  one  sergeant,  two  roundsmen,  two  detect- 
ives, one  truant  officer,  and  sixty-six  patrolmen.  During 
the  year  one  officer  was  fined  forty-five  days'  pay,  two  were 
fined  ten  days'  pay,  and  one  five  days'  pay  for  neglect  of 
duty.     Two  were  discharged  from  the  force. 

The  OTOwth  of  the  citv  demanded  a  lars^er  number  of 
patrolmen.  The  outskirts  of  the  city  were  imperfectly  pro- 
tected. Many  of  the  outlying  beats  covered  a  distance  of 
from  two  to  three  miles,  and  only  one  man  could  be  placed 
thereon  to  protect  the  lives  and  property  of  citizens.  Thefts 
incendiaries  and  the  like  often  occurred  in  these  districts. 
It  seemed  like  misplaced  economy  for  the  tax-payers  of  any 
city  to  refuse  to  give  themselves  sufficient  police  protection, 
when  the  outlay  divided  pro  rata  was  so  verj^  small. 

Although  some  sections  of  the  city  had  not  been  pro- 
tected as  fully  as  one  could  wish,  and  as  their  needs  required, 
the   chief  had  used  his  best  judgment  in  the  detail  and 


THE  TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH.  101 

divisiun  of  the  force,  in  order  that  he  might  procure  the 
hest  results  possible  with  the  means  placed  at  his  disposal. 
The  attention  of  the  board  was  called  to  the  needs  of  the 
city  for  a  suitable  morgue.  The  under-ground  room  used 
for  this  ])urpose  was  entirely  inadequate  for  the  use  to 
which  it  was  deyoted.  Dark,  damp,  and  gloomy,  and  in 
eyery  way  unsuitable  for  the  purpose  intended,  the  chief 
could  not  conceiye  how  a  city  of  seyentj-two  thousand  in- 
habitants could  long  submit  to  such  a  temporary  receptacle 
of  the  bodies  of  those  whose  deaths  occurred  l)y  accident  or 
yiolence.  He  recommended  that  a  l)uilding  suitable  for  the 
purposes  of  a  morgue  be  erected  in  the  rear  of  the  City 
Hall  building,  knowing  that  the  tax-payers  would  not  com- 
plain of  a  small  outlay  for  a  building  apparently  so  much 
needed. 

In  this  connection  he  called  the  attention  of  the  board  to 
the  great  need  of  a  city  ambulance  for  the  remoyal  of  per- 
sons seriously  injured  to  the  hospital.  During  the  past  year 
there  had  been  seyeral  occasions  when  the  liyes  of  injured 
persons  depended  on  their  prompt  and  careful  remoyal,  and 
yet  the  city  had  no  mode  of  conyeyance  on  which  they 
could  rely.  As  an  act  of  humanity  to  the  maimed  and  in- 
jured, it  appeared  that  the  purchase  of  an  ambulance  should 
no  longer  be  delayed.  While  the  needs  of  the  city  were 
much  greater  than  the  town  in  this  direction,  the  latter 
had,  through  its  representatiyes,  been  proyided  with  a  suit- 
able ambulance  at  a  comparatiyely  small  outlay. 

Thirteen  hundred  and  twenty-fiye  store  doors  were  found 
open  in  the  night  time,  which  Ayere  secured  and  the  pro- 


102  THE  TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH. 

prietors  notified.  The  carelessness  of  people  in  securing 
their  doors  and  windows  was  remarkable.  There  could  be 
no  estimate  of  the  value  of  property  saved  by  the  police 
through  their  vigilance  in  detecting  unlocked  doors  and 
windows,  and  their  promptness  in  notifying  the  owners  was 
commendable.  In  every  case  of  this  character  larcenies- 
might  have  occurred,  for  which  the  police  would  have  to 
bear  a  resj^onsibility  which  rightly  belonged  to  others.  In 
connection  with  this  subject  the  chief  recommended  that  the 
public  exercise  more  care  in  securing  their  doors  and  win- 
dows on  the  ground  floors,  and  those  which  might  be 
reached  by  means  of  piazzas  and  balconies. 

One  hundred  and  forty-two  children  were  restored  to 
their  parents  by  the  agency  of  the  ^^olice.  These  were 
children  of  such  tender  age  as  to  be  unable  to  tell  where 
they  lived  or  what  their  names  were,  when  many  times  their 
parents  would  search  for  them  for  hours.  Their  last  resort 
w^ould  be  the  police  station,  where  they  found  them  care- 
fully cared  for  by  the  police. 

^N'umber  of  arrests :  Male,  4,979  :  female,  663 :  total, 
5,642.  Amount  of  stolen  property  recovered,  §17,358.50. 
Year  Ending  December  1,  1883. 

The  department  consisted  of  one  chief,  two  captains, 
two  lieutenants,  three  sergeants,  two  roundsmen,  two  de- 
tectives, one  truant  officer,  one  at  the  dej)ot,  one  at  the 
steamboat,  and  seventy-five  patrolmen. 

During  the  year  one  officer  Avas  fined  forty-five  days' 
pay,  two  were  suspended  ten  days,  three  resigned,  and  one 
was  discharged  from  the  force. 


THE    lELEPIIONE    AND    TELEOKAl'H.  10)3 

Tlie  new  precinct  on  Grand  street  Avas  recently  coni- 
]>lete(l,  and  it  tilled  a  long  needed  want  in  that  section  of 
the  city,  where  better  police  protection  seemed  absolntely 
necessary.  The  decrease  of  crime  in  the  locality  of  the  pre- 
cinct station  during  the  past  year  had  been  very  apparent. 
Tlie  law-breakers  seemed  to  nnderstand  that  a  competent 
nnmber  of  police  officers  were  within  easy  call  at  any  hour 
of  the  day  or  night,  wdiich  was  a  restraint  against  sudden 
and  violent  outbreaks  on  the  part  of  those  inclined  to  fre- 
(juent  breaches  of  the  peace. 

The  chief  recommended  that  some  law  be  framed  com- 
pelling pawnbrokers  and  junk  dealers  to  make  a  daily 
report  to  the  chief  of  police  of  all  articles  received  by  them 
during  the  day  previous,  and  to  make  it  a  penalty  for  them 
to  buy  any  article  of  a  person  under  the  age  of  18  years. 
Such  a  law  would,  he  said,  be  of  great  service  to  the  police 
and  to  the  citizens  generally  in  the  recovery  of  stolen 
property. 

He  recommended  also  that  a  law^  be  passed  to  license 
and  regulate  the  business  of  bootblacks  and  newsboys,  so 
that  good  behavior  would  l)e  all  that  would  be  required  of 
them  to  get  a  license,  and  thereby  give  the  police  some  au- 
thority where  they  now  had  none.  It  w^ould  enable  the 
officers  to  relieve  merchants  and  citizens  generally  of  a  great 
cause  of  complaint,  and  at  the  same  time  benefit/all  the 
boys  who  conducted  themselves  in  a  proper  manner. 

In  his  last  annual  report  he  referred  to  the  demand  of 
the  citizens  for  better  police  protection  on  the  outskirts  of 
the  city.     There  was  on  December  1,  1882,  a  w^orking  force 


104  THE  TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH. 

of  seventy-seven  policemen.  On  tlie  lOtli  dav  of  Decem- 
ber, 1SS2,  the  force  was  filled  np  to  ninety  men,  and  still 
there  was  a  call  for  more  protection  on  the  outskirts  of  the 
city.  Many  of  the  outlying  beats  covered  a  long  distance. 
To  obviate  this  difficulty  the  police  commissioners  concluded 
to  try  an  experiment,  having  heard  of  the  Gamewell  police 
telephone  and  signal  telegraph,  and  immediately  went  to 
work  to  investigate  the  whole  system. 

This  coml>ination  of  the  telephone  and  telegraph  as  an 
auxiliary  to  the  police  department  was  first  introduced  in 
Chicago  in  ISSO,  and  its  thoroughly  demonstrated  value  and 
efficiency  are  largely  due  to  John  P.  Barrett,  for  many 
years  the  superintendent  of  the  fire  alarm  telegraph  in  that 
city.  Placed  at  the  outset  in  the  most  turbulent  district  of 
the  city,  it  so  speedily  increased  the  efficiency  of  the  force 
by  enabling  them  to  concentrate  promptly  at  any  needed 
point,  that  within  a  few  months  the  district  was  as  easily 
cared  for  and  protected  as  the  average  districts  of  the  city. 
Patrolmen  soon  learned  that  in  case  of  necessity  they  or 
some  one  of  them  could,  literally  with  the  rapidity  of  light- 
ning, summon  assistance  from  headcpiarters,  and  that  tliey 
could  reckon  with  certainty  on  a  response ;  and  the  crimi- 
nal and  rioter  discovered  that  there  was  little  chance  for 
them  where  electricity  was  utilized  so  successfully  in  aid  of 
law  and  its  agents. 

The  practical  working  of  the  experimental  system  in 
Chicago  was  so  satisfactory  that  its  extension  into  otliei-  dis- 
tricts was  generally  demanded,  and  the  police  commission- 
ers of  this  city,  seeing  the  necessity  of  better  protection, 


THE  TELEPHOXE  AND  TELEGRAPH.  105 

wisely  adopted  tliis  system  by  laying  about  twelve  miles  of 
wire,  and  contracted  for  ten  l)Oxes  as  an  experiment.  It 
proved  a  great  benefit  to  those  who  wanted  police  protec- 
tion, especially  on  the  outskirts  of  the  city. 

At  the  police  headquarters  of  the  city  are  placed  the 
necessary  instruments  and  batteries  for  receiving  and  record- 
ing telegraphic  signals.  Tliis  apparatus  is  entirely  auto- 
matic and  requires  no  trained  operator  for  its  proper  care 
and  operation.  The  men  usually  in  charge  of  the  station  are 
competent  for  its  supervision. 

The  register  upon  which  the  signals  are  received  is 
self-starting,  and  whenever  a  signal  is  transmitted  from  the 
street  section  the  record  is  made  whether  the  person  at  the 
station  be  in  attendance  or  not.  The  batteries  used  are  of 
the  kind  known  as  gravity  batteries,  are  very  steady,  con- 
stant and  reliable  in  their  workings,  and  re(|uire  but  very 
little  care.  Telephones  and  transmitters  are  also  placed  in 
the  central  stations  for  use  when  the  arbitrary  signals  of  the 
telegraph  are  not  sufficient  to  cover  the  information  desired 
to  be  transmitted.  Radiating  from  each  station  are  tele- 
graph lines  or  circuits  running  through  the  entire  district, 
connected  at  the  desirable  localities  with  a  small  structure, 
in  size  and  shape  not  unlike  a  common  sentry  box. 

This  sentry  box  is  octagonal  in  shape,  with  pointed  top, 
two  feet  six  inches  in  diameter,  and  about  eight  feet  in 
lieight.  The  sides  are  covered  with  iron  and  the  top  with 
glass. 

These  sentry  boxes  take  the  place  of  lamp-posts,  and  the 
gas  can  be  placed  on  the  top.     The  doors  of  these  stations 


106  THE  TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH. 

are  furnished  with  a  patent  trap-lock,  so  constructed  that 
whenever  a  key  is  used  it  cannot  be  withdrawn  until  re- 
leased by  a  master  key. 

Every  key  is  numbered  and  the  name  of  the  holder  kept 
on  record.  This  establishes  responsibility  and  prevents  the 
giving  of  needless  alarms,  for  when  a  key  has  l)een  used  it 
can  be  returned  to  its  owner  only  by  the  proper  officer,  who 
holds  in  his  possession  the  master  or  release  key. 

Keys  to  the  street  stations  are  given  to  responsible  cit- 
izens, and  are  furnished  to  the  patrolmen  of  the  district. 
Locks  are  uniform  throughout  the  City  and  one  key  Avill 
open  any  station.  Inside  of  each  station  is  placed  a  small 
iron  case,  with  a  door  and  lock,  the  case  containing  an  au- 
tomatic signal  instrument,  by  means  of  which  a  key  holder, 
by  pulling  a  hook  which  protrudes  from  the  side  of  the 
case,  can  signal  the  police  station  and  call  for  aid. 

ISTone  but  officers  are  in  possession  of  keys  to  the  inside 
boxes,  which  contain,  in  addition  to  the  signal  apparatus,  a 
telephone  and  transmitter. 

A  patrolmen,  upon  entering  a  street  station,  can  innne- 
diately  transmit  a  special  signal,  which  will  inform  the 
officer  on  duty  at  headquarters  of  his  presence.  The  tele- 
phone can  then  be  used  for  the  transmission  of  orders  from 
headquarters  to  the  patrolman,  or  by  the  patrolman  to  in- 
dicate whatever  may  be  his  wants.  Where  horses  are  used 
but  a  very  short  space  of  time  elapses  after  the  call  before 
the  aid  required  is  at  hand,  ready  for  any  service. 

Patrolmen,  as  they  go  their  rounds,  may  be  required  to 
report  at  the  station  on  their  beats  as  frequently  as  it  may 


THE  TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH.  107 

be  deemed  advisable.  This  goes  a  long  way  toward  se- 
curing faithfulness  of  the  force. 

The  patrol  wagons  generally  used  with  this  system  are 
models  of  convenience  and  adaptability  for  the  w^ork. 
They  combine  lightness  and  strength,  and  are  conspicuous 
by  the  l)lue  body.  They  are  furnished  with  an  alarm  gong 
under  the  seats,  which  run  lengthwise  on  each  side  of  the 
wagon.  There  are  compartments  for  handcuffs,  come- 
alongs,  clubs,  blankets,  canvas  stretcher,  ropes,  and  other 
articles  necessary  and  convenient. 

An  ambulance  for  the  proper  and  careful  removal  of 
persons  accidentally  and  seriously  injured  or  maimed  had 
become  an  accomplished  fact,  and  the  City  was  provided 
with  one  of  the  most  improved  of  these  necessary  adjuncts 
to  every  well  regulated  city  government. 

During  the  past  year  the  department  had  been  obliged 
many  times  to  ask  the  aid  of  the  town  in  furnishing  an 
ambulance,  and  the  aid  asked  for  has  been  promptly  fur- 
nished by  the  town  authorities ;  yet  the  remoteness  of  the 
almshouse  from  the  center  of  the  City  had  caused  delay, 
and  delays  sometimes  proved  dangerous  and  perhaps  fatal 
to  the  injured  person. 

As  a  rule  the  patrolmen,  during  the  past  year,  had  j)er- 
formed  their  arduous  duties  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of 
the  chief  and  commissioners.  The  same  hardships  and 
dangers  of  years  past  had  been  gone  through  with ;  the 
streets  had  been  faithfully  patroled,  so  far  as  the  number  of 
men  at  command  could  perform  the  work,  and  the  lives 
and  property  of  the  people  had  been  well  cared  for. 


108  THE  TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH. 

The  detective  force  remained  the  same  as  last  year,  and 
these  officers  faitlifully  performed  their  duties,  being  dih- 
gent,  in  season  and  ont  of  season,  in  detecting  crime,  trac- 
ing stolen  property,  and  work  of  a  similar  nature,  requiring 
sound  judgment  and  superior  tact  and  skill.  Xone  of  the 
force  had  died  during  the  past  year,  and  yery  little  sick- 
ness of  a  sei-ious  nature  prevailed. 

dumber   of  arrests :  Male,   5,027  ;  female,   762,   total  : 
5,789.     Amount  of  stolen  property  recovered,  $8,304.90. 
Yeak  Ending  December  1,  188 J:. 

The  patrol  wagon  is  kept  at  headquarters.  Court  street, 
rear  City  Hall. 

The  distance  is  measured  in  a  direct  line  from  city  hall 
to  the  boxes,  and  averages  one  and  a  quarter  miles. 

The  time  is  calculated  from  the  moment  the  horse  leaves 
the  stall  (and  includes  harnessing  and  hiteliing  to  the  wagon), 
to  the  moment  the  box  is  reached  from  which  the  call  is 
received.  In  case  of  an  emergency  the  runs  could  be  made 
in  from  one  to  two  minutes  less  time. 

The  following  facts  connected  with  the  Avorking  of  this 
system  still  further  show  its  value.  More  is  accom2)lished 
with  this  new  system  in  fifteen  minutes  than  in  two  hours 
by  the  old  wa3\  One  evening,  at  about  nine  o'clock,  a 
call  came  from  the  corner  of  Oak  and  Orchard  streets  ;  five 
other  calls  followed  in  quick  succession,  all  from  different 
and  remote  parts  of  the  city :  the  result — six  prisoners 
brought  to  the  station  ;  and  in  each  case  the  patrolman  re- 
mained on  his  beat.  This  was  accomplished  in  the  average 
time  of  fifteen  minutes  to  each  prisoner,  by  the  wagon,  one 


THE  TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH.  lOD 

liorsc,  tlie  driver,  with  the  aid  of  tlie  doorman,  who  attends 
to  this  in  addition  to  his  other  duties. 

In  the  old  way  each  of  these  six  patrohnen  would  have 
been  obliged  to  have  struggled  with  his  prisoner  througli 
the  public  streets,  followed  in  many  cases  by  a  boisterous 
and  sometimes  riotous  rabble,  liable  to  be  attacked  and  to 
loose  his  prisoner.  These  six  patrolmen  Avould  have  been 
oif  their  beats  from  one  to  three  hours,  during  which  time 
their  beats  would  have  been  unj^rotected.  In  the  case  of 
the  more  violent  prisoners,  two  and  sometimes  three  officers 
would  have  been  required  to  have  brought  them  to  the 
station. 

At  another  time  a  drunken  riot  was  imminent  on  Hill 
street,  where  the  officers  were  having  a  hard  time  in  hold- 
ing their  prisoners.  In  response  to  a  call  the  patrol  wagon 
api^eared  promptly  on  the  ground,  and  took  in  five  prison- 
ers. It  Avas  so  quickly  done,  that  before  the  crowd  realized 
it,  they  were  well  on  their  way  to  the  station.  Without 
this  system  the  officers  would  probably  have  had  to  fight 
their  way  to  the  station  with  their  prisoners. 

It  saves  much  hard  treatment  of  and  struggling  with 
prisoners  through  the  streets. 

It  promptly  furnishes  the  means  of  dispersing  crowds,  of 
checking  disturbances  or  riots,  of  arresting  disorderly  per- 
sons, and  greatly  decreases  the  chance  of  serious  outbreaks. 

It  is  the  policeman's  best  friend.  It  increases  his  power, 
for  he  need  never  feel  that  he  is  alone  or  beyond  the  reach 
of  support.  In  a  great  degree  it  lessens  the  chances  and 
necessity  of  personal  encounter  with  roughs,  for  at  a  given 


110  THE  TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH. 

signal  lie  can  call  anj  number  of  his  fellow  officers  to  liis 
aid.  Instead  of  increasing  the  number  of  policemen  it  is 
intended  to  quicken  the  workings  of  the  police  system  by 
putting  every  ])atrolman  within  easy  reacli  of  instant  com- 
munication with  the  police  station,  and  also  to  give  every 
orderly  citizen  the  means  of  calling  upon  the  same  authori- 
ties with  the  least  possible  delay.  In  fact,  this  system  stands 
in  the  same  relation  to  the  peace  and  good  order  of  the  city 
as  the  lire  alarm  system  does  to  the  security  of  our  homes 
from  conflagration. 

dumber  of  arrests:  Male,  5,219;  female,  T57:  total, 
5,976.  Amount  of  stolen  and  lost  property  recovered, 
§18,73tl:.55. 

Year  Ending  December  1,  1S85. 

Xumber  of  arrests:  Male,  1,726;  female,  192:  total 
1,918. 

Cash  taken  from  and  restored  to  prisoners,  §2,197.88. 
Stolen  and  lost  property  restored  to  owners,  value  83,710.56. 
Lost  children  restored,  151 ;  stores  and  shops  found  open, 
1,391 ;  horses  restored  to  owners,  56 ;  street  lamps,  gas,  not 
lighted,  1,014;  ditto,  out  of  order,  1,240;  ditto,  broken,  115; 
ditto,  naptha,  not  lighted,  1,692  ;  ditto,  out  of  order,  2,367; 
ditto,  broken,  75 ;  iires  discovered  and  put  out  without  giv^- 
ing  alarm,  12 ;  number  of  lodgers,  male,  3,547  ;  female, 
48 :  total,  3.595. 


CHAPTEK  X. 

MORE    IMPORTAXT    POLICE    STATISTICS. 

Police  Alarm  Stations — The  Purchase  and  Erection  of  a  Further  Num- 
ber Recommended— Captain  Hyde's  Twenty-tifth  Anniversarj- — 
Congratulatory  Resolutions— Tables  of  Arrests — More  than  One- 
half  for  Drunkenness. 

Year  Exdixg  November  30,  1886. 

nOSTER  for  1885:  10  promoted  officers,  6  specials,  73 
patrolmen,  -1  supernumeraries  on  regular  duty,  2 
drivers:  total,  95. 

Roster  1886:  10  promoted  officers,  6  specials,  70  patrol- 
men, 6  supernumeraries  on  regular  duty,  3  drivers :  total,  95. 

Of  this  force,  six  officers,  two  detectives,  one  truant  offi- 
cer, one  court  officer,  one  doorman,  fortj-seven  patrolmen, 
tliree  supernumeraries  and  two  drivers,  in  all  sixty-three, 
reported  at  police  headquarters;  while  four  officers,  one 
doorman,  twenty-three  patrolmen,  three  supernumeraries 
and  one  driver,  in  all  thirty-two,  were  detailed  at  the  Grand 
avenue  precinct. 

Of  the  iifty  men  doing  street  j^atrol  duty  at  head- 
quarters fourteen  began  their  ten  hours  of  daily  duty  in  the 
morning  or  early  forenoon,  and  thirty-six  late  in  the  after- 
noon or  in  the  early  part  of  the  evening.     Of  the  twenty- 


112  MORE    IMPORTANT    POLICE    STATISTICS. 

six  men  patrolling  from  the  precinct  eight  went  on  dutv  in 
the  forenoon,  and  eighteen  in  the  afternoon  or  early  part  of 
the  evening,  so  that  in  the  day  time  the  city  Avas  patrolled 
by  twenty-two  men,  and  during  tlie  night  by  fifty-four  men  ; 
provided  there  were  no  absentees. 

In  addition  to  the  members  enumerated  in  the  foregoing 
the  department  had  one  clerk,  one  surgeon  and  one  electri- 
cian. 

Although  there  were  twenty-seven  new  applicants  for 
positions,  only  a  few  changes  affecting  the  roster  had  been 
made  during  the  last  twelve  months.  Patrolman  William 
A.  Langley,  who  had  been  on  the  force  since  April  22, 
1873,  died  of  consumption,  April  30,  1886.  In  him  the 
department  lost  one  of  its  most  energetic  and  faithful 
members.  His  funeral,  which  took  place  May  2,  was 
attended  by  the  Honorable  Board  of  Police  Commissioners 
and  by  iall  the  members  of  the  department  who  could  be 
spared  from  duty.  One  patrolman  and  one  driver  resigned, 
and  one  patrolman  was  reduced  to  the  active  supernumer- 
ary force.  To  till  the  vacancies  thus  created,  two  super- 
numeraries were  called  in  for  regular  duty,  and  one  driver 
was  appointed.  Another  driver  was  chosen  to  take  charge 
of  the  newly  added  patrol  wagon  at  the  Grand  avenue 
precinct.  To  the  reserve  supernumerary  force  (not  active) 
eleven  new  names  were  added 

In  connection  with  a  statement  of  the  numerical 
strength  of  the  force,  attention  was  called  to  the  fact  that 
in  1872  the  Board  of  Police  Commissioners  recommended 
to  the  Court  of  Common  Council  that  the  number  of  j^a- 


Albert  Bradley 
sergeant. 


Frederick  H.  Bissell, 

JsERGEANT, 


MORE    IMlMMrrANT    POLICE    STATISTICS.  113 

trolnien  of  the  police  force  be  raised  to  one  liundred,  and 
tliat  on  August  T,  IS 72,  tlie  Court  of  Common  Council 
voted  that  at  tlie  end  of  that  year  the  number  of  patrol- 
men be  increased  to  eighty-iive,  and  that  in  1873  tlie  num- 
ber of  patrolmen  was  actually  raised  to  eighty-iive,  seventy- 
six  oi  whom  performed  regular  street  patrol  duty.  This 
was  thirteen  years  ago,  when  the  population  of  the  city, 
with  which  only  the  police  then  had  to  do,  was  about  50,000. 
Since  then  the  population  and  property  calling  for  police 
23rotection  had  greatly  increased,  and  the  territory  over 
which  the  department  had  police  control  had  been  enlarged 
l)y  annexation  and  otherwise,  so  that  about  80,000  people 
(city  and  town),  claimed  its  protection  and  services.  These 
and  other  circumstances  had  in  no  small  degree  multiplied 
the  duties  Avhich  tlie  de2)artment  was  bound  to  perform,  and 
yet  it  had  only  the  same  number  of  men  doing  street  duty 
which  it  had  thirteen  years  before.  It  was  certainly  to  the 
credit  of  the  department  that  it  had  so  far  been  able  to  per- 
form the  greatly  increased  police  work  without  an  increase 
in  the  number  of  patrolmen.  That  it  was  able  to  do  this  is 
greatly  due  to  the  introduction  and  successful  working  of 
the  police  telephone  and  patrol  wagon  system,  especially 
since  the  new  system  invented  by  Messrs.  Brewer  (fe  Smith, 
the  one  a  detective,  the  other  the  electrician  of  the  depart- 
ment, had  been  adopted  and  added. 

The  chief  expressed  his  confidence  that  the  purchase  and 
erection  of  a  further  reasonable  number  of  police  alarm 
stations  of  the  last  named  system  would  materially  increase 
the   efficiency  of  the  force  and  would  not  be  against  the 


ll-t  MOKE    IMPOKT ANT    TOLICE    STATISTICS. 

spirit  of  true  ecoiiomy.  There  were  in  successful  operation 
in  the  city,  thirty  police  alarm  and  telephone  stations, 
thirteen  of  wliich  were  connected  with  the  Grand  avenue 
precinct  when,  in  May,  a  pati-ol  wagon,  driver  and  horse 
were  stationed  there ;  the  remaining  number  were  left  to 
report  to  headquarters. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  state  that  the  entire  annual 
expense  of  maintaining  the  telephone  and  patrol  wagon 
system  amounted  to  little  more  than  $3,500,  or  in  other 
words,  to  little  more  than  the  annual  pay  for  three  pati'ol- 
men.  This  sum  included  the  electrician's  salary,  pay  for 
three  drivers,  forage,  shoeing  and  doctoring  for  three  horses, 
wagon  and  harness  repairs,  the  purchase  of  telephone 
supplies,  and  the  annual  rent  for  thirt}'  telephones. 

But  for  the  patrol  wagon  and  police  alarm,  a  material 
increase  in  the  number  of  men  Avould  liave  been  unavoid- 
able some  years  ago.  It  was  recommended  that  a  reason- 
able number  of  new  men  be  added  to  the  active  force,  tliat 
additional  supernumeraries  be  elected,  and  that  a  second 
driver  be  stationed  at  the  Grand  avenue  precinct. 

The  special  report  made  of  the  work  done  within  the 
territory  and  by  the  officers  and  men  belonging  to  the 
Grand  avenue  precinct  proved  that  that  station,  officered  and 
manned  as  it  was,  had  become  an  important  factor  in  the 
prevention  and  detection  of  crime.  In  fact,  considerable 
of  the  brightest  police  work  performed  by  the  department 
during  the  year  must  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  precinct 
force.  The  territory  covered  by  the  precinct  force  lies 
easterly  of  the  following  line,  wdiicli  separates  it  from  that 


MOKE    IMPORTANT    POLICE    STATISTICF*.  115 

part  of  tlie  city  covered  by  the  force  at  the  central  office, 
viz. :  AVhitiiey  avenue  from  the  town  hue  to  Humphrey 
street,  to  State  street,  to  Olive  street,  to  Water  street,  and 
])art  of  Brewery  street. 

From  May  1  till  November  3o  a  mounted  patrolman 
was  on  duty  on  East  E-ock  Park,  unaided  during  the  week 
and  assisted  on  Sundays  and  holidays  by  four  supernumer- 
aries. The  patroling  of  East  Rock  Park,  which  formed  one 
of  the  newly  imposed  duties  of  the  police,  cost  the  depart- 
ment this  year  $1,050.  This  sum  included  the  amount  of 
pay  for  the  men  employed  there,  forage  for  one  horse  for 
seven  months  and  the  cost  of  maintaining  one  telej^hone 
station. 

In  order  to  satisfactorily  perform  those  services  which 
were  unquestionably  proper  and  necessary  for  the  police  to 
do,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  discontinue  others  which  the 
department  had  been  in  the  habit  of  rendering,  but  which 
Avere  partly  unnecessary  and  partly  improper  work  for  the 
police.  During  the  past  year  no  squads  of  policemen  were 
furnished  to  march  in  line  ahead  of  processions ;  the  streets 
were,  however,  kept  clear  for  the  latter  by  a  few  men  de- 
tailed for  that  purpose.  Xo  policemen  were  fui-nished  at 
the  city's  expense  for  balls,  weddings,  or  social  parties  ex- 
cept to  preserve  order  in  the  street.  On  some  occasions  of 
this  kind  the  services  of  uniformed  suj^ernumeraries  were 
engaged  and  paid  for  by  parties  interested. 

The  men  were  frequently  instructed  as  to  the  proper 
exercise  and  extent  of  their  authority,  and  care  was  taken 
not  to  have  them  attempt  to  act  officially  in  matters  of  a 


116  MORE    IMPOKTANT    POLICE    STATISTICS. 

purely  civil  nature,  or  for  other  reasons  not  within  their 
province. 

Rowdvism,  of  which  there  was  complaint  from  a  few 
sections  of  the  city,  had  been  put  a  stop  to,  it  seemed,  by 
changing  the  time  and  beats  of  three  night  men.  so  that 
their  hours  were  from  3:30  p.  m.  to  2  a.  m. 

Among  the  pleasant  events  of  the  year's  history  of  the 
police  force  were  its  street  parade  on  Memorial  Day,  May 
31,  and  the  twenty -iifth  anniversary  of  its  senior  captain, 
William  M.  Hyde.  This  veteran  olhcer  completed  his  25th 
year  of  service  as  a  member  of  the  department  on  the  2d 
day  IS^ovember,  1S86,  on  which  occasion  the  Board  of  Police 
Commissioners,  then  in  session,  unanimonsly  passed,  and 
ordered  to  be  presented  to  him,  suitable  resolutions  refer- 
ring to  his  long  and  stainless  official  record  and  conveying 
the  congratulations  of  the  board. 

During  the  time  covered  by  this  report  ten  patrolmen 
were  tried  by  the  board  on  the  following  charges : 

Six  for  entering  saloons  in  violation  of  the  rules. 

One  for  using  intoxicating  drink  while  on  duty. 

Two  for  conduct  unbecoming  officers. 

One  for  sleeping  while  on  duty. 

In  one  of  these  cases  the  board  found  the  charges  ''  not 
proven."  In  the  remaining  nine  cases  the  parties  charged 
were  found  guilty ;  they  were  23unished  l;)y  temporary  sus- 
pension from  duty  and  by  being  reduced  to  a  lower  grade 
with  less  pay.  And  in  four  cases  l)y  a  reprimand  as  an 
additional  punishment.  Three  patrolmen  forfeited  one 
day's    pay   each   for   remaining   off    duty   without    being 


MOKK    IMPORTANT    POLICE    STATI^^TICS.  117 

l)r<»perly  excused,  and  four  inenil)ers  were  sus])eiided  for 
one,  two,  three  and  five  days  respectively  as  a  puuishnient 
for  otiicial  misconduct. 

As  an  offset  to  the  unpleasant  but  necessary  duty  of 
l)referring  charges  against  some  of  the  men  and  of  disciplin- 
ing others,  the  chief  on  several  occasions  felt  called  upon  to 
perform  the  more  agreeahle  task  of  bringing  to  the  atten- 
tion of  the  board,  the  high  meritorious  conduct  of  other 
members  of  the  department,  as  the  minutes  of  the  board's 
meetings  show.  All  the  promoted  officers  and,  with  few 
exceptions,  all  the  members  of  the  department  had  done  the 
official  work  allotted  to  them  in  a  cheerful,  harmonious  and 
satisfactory  manner. 

In  consequence  of  this  and  especially  in  consequence  of 
the  efficient  assistance  which  the  experienced  officers,  Cap- 
tain AVilliam  M.  Hyde,  Captain  Tread  well  Smith,  Lieuten- 
ant William  O'Keefe,  and  Lieutenant  James  AVrinn  had 
constantly  given  the  chief,  his  own  official  duties  had  been 
rendered  more  easy  and  less  unpleasant  to  execute. 

During  the  last  twelve  months  5,802  arrests  were  made 
against  5,<U2  in  the  previous  year;  the  value  of  the  prop- 
erty recovered  by  the  police  was  $21,761.68  against 
55l3,36u.73  in  1885;  the  cash  taken  from  and  returned  to 
prisoners  amounted  to  .^10,020. 74,  as  against  $8,632.28  in 
1885;  and  the  sum  total  received  by  the  department  for 
licenses  was  $1,596.50,  as  against  $1,210.50  in  the  previous 
year. 

More  than  one-half  of  the  total  number  of  arrests,  to 
wit.  3,122,  were  made  for  drunkenness.     How  many  differ- 


118  MORE    IMPORTANT    POLICE    STATISTICS. 

ent  persons  these  3,122  sad  cases  represent,  in  other  words, 
liow  many  of  the  iinfortn nates  called  in  police  parlance, 
''old  ronnders,"  found  their  way  to  the  police  station  more 
than  once  durino:  the  rear  on  account  of  drunkenness  can- 
not  l)e  learned. 

In  connection  with  this  subject  it  may  be  of  interest  to 
know  that  Xew  Haven  had  11:5  licensed  saloons,  and  that 
during  the  year  74  arrests  were  made  for  violations  c>f  the 
Sunday  licpior  law  ;  1,135  arrests  were  made  for  l)reaches  of 
the  peace  ;  283  for  theft,  and  11:9  for  vagrancy. 

Out  of  the  5,802  arrests  made  during  the  twelve  months 
loO  were  made  on  Sundays  and  5,393  on  week  days,  and 
the  average  number  of  arrests  made  per  Sunday  was  T.8<>, 
while  the  average  per  week  day  was  17.23.  Xo  court  is 
held  on  Sunday  and  Monday's  court  docket  is  the  result  of 
the  work  done  by  the  police  on  two  days,  Saturday,  wliich 
usually  furnishes  more  arrests  tlian  any  other  day.  and  Sun- 
day which,  as  a  rule,  furnishes  but  few.  And  this  fact  was 
not  due  to  the  lack  of,  but  rather  to  an  extraordinary  degree 
(>f ,  activity  on  the  part  of  the  department.  Leaves  of  ab- 
sence freely  granted  to  the  men  on  other  days,  ai-e,  by  an 
established  rule,  denied  on  Saturdays  and  Sundays,  except 
for  sickness  and  similar  causes ;  and  in  addition  to  the  usual 
number  of  patrolmen,  four  extra  supernumeraries  were  put 
on  patrol  duty  every  Saturday  and  Sunday. 

Xot  all  the  crimes  enumerated  in  the  furnished  statistics 
were  committed  in  this  city.  A  number  of  tlie .  arrests 
shown  were  made  here  by  meml)ers  of  tins  department  for 
offenses  committed  in  other  communities.      Most  of    the 


MOKK    1>[1*<)RTANT    i'OMCK    STATISTICS.  119 

arrests  su  made  were  for  the  lnii:lier  eriines ;  such  were  two 
arrests  for  murder,  two  for  arson,  and  others. 

It  sliuuld  also  be  home  in  mind  that,  vahiahle  as  are 
tliese  statistics,  they  do  not  by  any  means  show  all  the  work 
done  by  the  department  duriiiir  the  year.  The  most  im- 
portant service  rendered  by  it  is  of  necessity  left  nnre- 
corded  ;  for  it  must  be  conceded  that  the  value  of  the  police 
is  to  be  judged  more  from  the  amount  of  crime  it  prevents 
tliaii  from  the  number  of  crimes  it  detects  and  punishes. 
How  much  crime  the  police  prevented,  or,  in  other  words, 
how  many  more  violations  of  the  public  law  than  have  oc- 
curred would  have  taken  place  in  this  community  had  it  no 
l)olice  at  all — this  cannot  be  demonstrated  by  figures. 

It  can  safely  l)e  said  that  the  amount  of  crime  com- 
mitted here  during  the  time  covered  by  this  report  was  con- 
sideral)ly  less  than  occurred  during  the  same  space  of  time 
in  most  other  communities  of  the  same  size,  and  that  the 
work  done  by  the  department  Avould  compare  favorably 
with  most  if  not  with  all  police  departments  having  a  simi- 
lar number  of  men.  But  after  all  it  must  be  admitted  that 
tlie  fact  that  good  order  and  quiet  had  prevailed,  and  that 
the  laws  had  been  reasonably  well  obeyed,  w^as  chiefly  due 
to  the  exceptionally  orderly  disposition  and  highly  moral 
character  of  the  great  majority  of  the  citizens. 

Xumber  of  arrests :  Male,  5,082 ;  female,  72*  > :  total 
5,802.  Property  recovered,  value  $1, 41:7.95;  cash  taken 
from  and  returned  to  prisoners,  $2,923.1:1. 

Year  Endinct  December  1,  1887. 

During  the  year  the  department  had  lost  no  member  by 
death.     Doorman  AVilliam  Luby,  of  the  Grand  avenue  pre- 


120  MORE    IMPORTANT    POLICE    STATISTICS. 

cinct,  resigned  Xovember  1,  18S7,  after  nearly  seventeen 
years  of  faithful  service  on  the  force.  The  resignation  took 
place  May  3,  1887. 

Second  Sergeant  AVilliam  Iv.  Schmidt,  who  first  l)ecame 
a  'New  Haven  police  officer  in  1859,  and  had  been  uninter- 
ruptedly on  the  force  since  August  31,  1868,  was  put  on 
the  veteran  reserve  force  January  1,  1887.  In  consequence 
of  this  the  following  promotions  took  place:  Third  Ser- 
geant Albert  Bradley  was  promoted  second  sergeant ;  First 
Roundsman  John  Driscoll  was  promoted  third  sergeant ; 
Second  Roundsman  William  E.  McBride  was  promoted  first 
roundsman ;  Patrohnan  James  Cook  was  promoted  second 
roundsman. 

Six  supernumeraries  were  promoted  to  the  position  of 
permanent  patrolmen,  and  eight  supernumeraries  were 
assigned  to  regular  street  patrol  duty.  Among  this  latter 
numl)er  was  F.  W.  AVatrous,  who  had  been  driver;  his 
place  was  filled  by  the  selection  of  Seaman  K.  Smith  as 
driver  number  three,  while  Bernard  F.  Reilly  was  elected 
the  fourth  driver. 

The  total  number  of  the  members  of  the  department, 
including  eighteen  supernumei'aries  who  Avere  not  regularly 
called,  was  125,  while  the  number  of  those  members  of  the 
department  who  served  daily  in  their  official  capacity,  was 
107,  viz.  :  10  promoted  officers,  1  clerk,  1  surgeon,  1  elec- 
trician, 5  special  details,  1  veteran,  75  patrolmen,  8  super- 
numeraries, -1  drivers,  1  janitor.  Of  these  there  report  at 
lieadquarters  6  promoted  officers,  5  specials.  1  veteran,  50 
patrolmen,  6  supers,  2  drivers  and  1  janitor ;  and  at  the  pre- 


MOKK    IMPORTANT    I'OIJCK    STATISTICS.  121 

cinot  4  promoted  officers,  25  patrolmen,  2  supers  and  2 
drivers. 

It  could  not  be  expected  that  all  the  members  of  the 
force  should  be  equall}^  efficient,  and  as  a  fact  thev  were  not. 
Some  were  more  intelligent,  and  some  more  zealous  than 
others,  and  there  were  differences  in  other  respects,  but  the 
force  as  a  whole  had  done  the  year's  work  well,  and  had 
conducted  themselves  in  a  satisfactory  manner.  The  ne- 
cessity of  bringing  members  before  the  board  on  charges 
had  occurred  only  in  four  cases,  Two  of  these  were  for 
neglect  of  duty,  one  for  entering  a  saloon  in  violation  of 
the  rules,  and  one  for  intoxication  while  on  duty.  The 
2)enalties  imposed  in  these  cases  were  respectively  five  days' 
suspension,  eight  days'  suspension,  reducing  one  grade  for 
sixty  days,  and  in  the  fourth  case  three  and  one-half  days' 
suspension  and  a  permanent  reduction  of  two  grades. 

One  member  was  suspended  from  duty  for  three  days 
for  disobedience  ;  he  appealed,  and  the  board  increased  the 
suspension  in  his  case  to  four  days.  One  memljer  was  sus- 
pended for  one  day  for  an  act  contrary  to  discipline,  and 
another  lined  one  day's  pay  for  absence  from  duty  without 
ail  excuse.     In  a  few  other  cases  officers  were  reprimanded. 

The  records  show  the  flattering  testimonial  that  the 
boai'd  on  several  occasions  during  the  year,  by  unanimously 
passed  resolutions,  commended  the  work  performed  by  the 
department. 

The  sum  total  of  the  appropriation  for  the  department 
dui'ing  the  fiscal  year  was  $115,275.  Of  tliis  there  was 
actually  expended :  Pay-roll,  $109,607.09 ;    alarm    system. 


122  MOKE    IMPORTANT    POLICE    STATISTICS. 

$2,5^1:8.64;  forage,  $706.75;  wagon  and  harness  repairs. 
$299.65 ;  sundries,  including  part  pay  for  one  horse, 
$1,143.91;  voting  places,  $70.00:  total,  $114,436.04.  Fn- 
expended  balance  returned,  $836.96. 

The  statistical  part  of  the  report  shows  that  the  entire 
number  of  arrests  made  durino-  the  year  was  5.941  ao^ainst 
5,802  in  the  previous  year,  an  increase  of  139.  Of  these 
5,941  arrests  3,491  were  for  drunkenness  as  against  3.122  for 
this  cause  in  1886.  The  following  will  demonstrate  how 
the  arrests  made  during  the  year  wei'e  divided  with  refer- 
ence to  the  days  of  the  week  : 

Arrests  for  all  causes:  Sundays,  390,  Mondays,  988, 
Tuesdays,  896,  Wednesdays,  813,  Thursdays,  798,  Fridays. 
823,  Saturdays,  1,233:  total,  5,941. 

Arrests  fol-  drunkenness:  Sundays,  208,  Mondays.  53s, 
Tuesdays,  546,  Wednesdays,  439,  Thursdays,  492,  Fridays, 
472,  Saturdays,  796:  total,  3,491. 

Average  number  of  arrests  per  Sunday  for  drunkenness, 
4 ;  average  number  of  arrests  per  week  day  for  drunken- 
ness, 10.49 ;  average  number  of  arrests  per  Sunday  for  all 
other  causes,  3.5  ;  average  number  of  arrests  per  week  day 
for  all  other  causes,  7.24. 

The  3,491  cases  of  drunkenness  represented  2,29()  differ- 
ent individuals,  some  of  wdiom,  rounders,  were  during  the 
year  arrested  several  times  for  l)eing  drunk,  thus  making  up 
the  sum  total  given. 

From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  noticed  that  arrests  made 
for  the  last  mentioned  cause  this  year  are  369  more  than 
those  of  the  previous  year.     Of  this  increase  241  cases  are 


MOKK    IMPOKTANT    FOLICE    (STATISTICS.  123 

to  1)0  credited  tu  the  (Tnind  avenue  ])reciiict  force,  and  I'JS  to 
tlie  lieadcjuarter's  force.  The  growing  niiniber  of  arrests 
for  intoxication  made  during  the  past  two  years  hy  the  pre- 
cinct force  is  to  be  accounted  for  chietly  by  the  fact  that 
since  May  <),  ISSd,  tlie  precinct  had  its  own  sej^arate  alai-m 
system  and  patrol  wagon. 

There  were  in  the  city,  exclusive  of  drug  stores,  414 
places  licensed  for  the  sale  of  intoxicating  drink  and  during 
the  year  120  arrests  were  made  for  violation  of  the  licpior 
license  law  against  99  of  the  year  before.  Of  these  12i) 
arrests,  T<)  were  for  selling  liquor  on  Sunday,  45  for  selling 
without  a  license,  4  for  selling  to  minors,  and  1  for  keeping 
open  after  midnight. 

For  breaches  of  the  peace  943  arrests  were  made  against 
1,135  in  1SS6,  a  decrease  of  192. 

For  theft  and  theft  fi'om  the  person,  the  arrests  were 
22>!,  while  during  the  previous  year  their  mimber  was  283. 

For  burglary  and  attempt  at  burglary,  fifty-seven  j^er- 
sons  were  arrested  this  year  against  fifty-one  recorded  in  the 
pi-eceding  report.  Most  of  these  burglaries  were  committed 
by  young  men  and  boys  belonging  in  this  city ;  they 
occurred  chiefiy  in  small  stores  and  saloons  from  which 
usually  nothing  but  a  moderate  amount  of  tobacco  and 
cigars,  and  in  a  few  cases  small  sums  of  money  left  over 
night  in  the  money  drawers  were  taken.  In  fact  the  loss 
by  theft  and  Inirglary  during  this  year  was  remarkal)ly 
small,  smaller  than  for  many  years.  Xearly  all  the  parties 
guilty  of  these  olfenses  were  apprehended,  tried  and  con- 


124  MORE    IMPORT AXT    POLICE    STATISTICS. 

victed,  and  by  far  the  greater  part  of  the  stolen  property 
Avas  recovered. 

Of  the  tliree  recorded  arrests  for  murder,  two  were  made 
for  tlie  killing  of  Mrs.  Ernst,  and  one  for  the  killing  of  Mrs. 
Thorn  2)son. 

Mrs.  Margaret  Ernst,  an  elderly  German  woman,  was 
killed  in  her  lonely  saloon  on  Spruce  street,  late  in  the 
evening.  May  9,  1887,  by  two  young  men  who  had  come 
here  from  Kew  York  on  the  same  evening  for  the  purpose 
of  robbing  her.  Admitted  by  her  into  the  saloon  they 
gagged  and  chloroformed  and  unintentionally  killed  her. 
With  a  few  dollars  found  in  the  till  as  their 'sole  booty  the 
murderers  left  and  took  the  11:50  p.m.  train  forXew  York, 
having  remained  in  this  city  only  about  two  hours.  The 
crime  was  first  discovered  about  7  o'clock  the  next  morning. 
Two  days  later  the  murderers.  Chamberlain  and  Taylor, 
twenty-three  and  twenty-one  years  old  respectively,  were 
arrested  in  Xew  York  by  the  police  of  that  city  and  both 
confessed  their  crime.  They  were  subsequently  brought 
here.  Their  trial  resulted  in  a  verdict  of  guilty  of  murder 
in  the  second  degree  with  imprisonment  for  life  as  punish- 
ment. For  the  important  services  rendered  in  this  case 
great  credit  is  due  to  the  jSTew  York  jjolice  and  to  its  chief 
of  detectives,  Thomas  Byrnes. 

Mrs.  Harriet  Thompson,  colored,  was  killed  at  her  home 
on  AYebster  street  in  the  night  of  June  In,  1887.  She  had 
on  this  occasion  several  colored  male  visitors,  more  or  less 
under  the  infiuence  of  liquor,  and  one  of  them,  William 
Cisco,  rpiarrelled  with  and  used  violence  on  her.     In  the 


M(^KK    IMPOKTANT    I'OIJCE    STATISTICS.  125 

(juarrel  she  fell  or  was  kiiueked  clown  and  died  soon  after. 
Cisco  was  arrested  during  the  same  night  by  officers  of  the 
department,  wlio  also  gatliered  the  evidence  in  the  case. 
On  liis  trial  tlie  question  arose  whetlier  Mrs.  Thompson 
died  fruni  the  accidental  fall  or  from  violence  inflicted  l)y 
Cisco. 

The  day  of  the  dedication  of  the  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Moiuiment  on  East  Rock  Park,  Jnne  17,  1887,  as  well  as 
the  day  and  night  preceding  it,  was  a  bnsy  time  for  the 
department. 

It  is  safe  to  state  that  the  number  of  visitors  who  came 
here  on  June  17th  to  witness  the  dedication  exercises  and 
to  see  the  city's  illustrious  guests.  Generals  Sheridan 
Sherman,  Terry  and  others,  at  least  equalled  the  number  of 
our  regular  population.  Xever  before  did  New  Haven 
hold  so  many,  human  beings. .  To  properly  protect  them 
against  accidents,  and  loss  from  professional  criminals  from 
the  great  cities,  and  to  make  room  for  and  keep  order  dur- 
ing the  immense  procession  and  exercises  was  a  greater 
task  than  had  ever  fallen  to  this  force  before.  But  the  de- 
partment proved  equal  to  the  emergency. 

All  its  members  were  taxed  to  their  fullest  capacity  and 
worked  considerable  extra  time,  and  every  man  did  his  duty 
cheerfully  and  well.  In  consequence  of  this  the  best  of 
order  was  maintained,  no  accidents  occurred,  and  only  two 
cases  of  loss  of  property  were  reported,  viz. :  the  theft  of  a 
gold  watch  which  w^as  subsequently  recovered,  and  the  loss 
of  about  four  dollars  in  money.  On  this  day,  as  is  but 
natural,  more  arrests  were  made  than  on  any  other  day  of 


126  MORE    IMPORTANT    POLICE    STATISTICS. 

the  year,  and  vet,  considering  the  occasion,  tlie  nnnd)ei*  was 
remarkably  snialL  Out  of  tlie  total  fifty-six  arrests  made, 
thirty-two  were  for  intoxication.  Eight  pi-ofessional  pick- 
pockets were  pnt  beliind  the  bars  early  in  the  day,  liye 
persons  were  arrested  for  breach  of  the  peace,  four  for 
peddling  without  license,  two  for  carrying  concealed 
weapons,  one  for  theft  from  the  person  and  one  each  for 
interfering  with  an  officer,  for  abusiye  language,  for  lasciy- 
ious  carriao-e,  and  for  cruelty  to  animals. 

From  January  1,  to  December  31,  ISST,  inclusiye,  385 
indiyidual  females  were  arrested ;  of  these  243  were 
arrested  once  during  said  year,  63  twice,  31  three  times,  13 
four  times,  12  five  times,  12  six  times,  8  seyen  times,  2 
eight  times  and  1  nine  times,  making  in  all  732  cases  of 
arrest.  The  arrests  of  females  formed  about  12  percent,  of 
the  total  number  of  arrests  of  both  sexes.  Of  the  732 
arrests  of  females  there  were  -128  or  12.26  per  cent,  for 
drunkenness;  87  or  9.()9  per  cent,  for  l)reach  of  the  peace; 
84  or  45.65  per  cent,  for  lasciyious  carriage  and  fornication ; 
29  for  residing  in  houses  of  ill-fame;  17  or  8.37  per  cent, 
for  theft ;  15  or  12.5  per  cent  for  yiolation  of  the  liquor 
law  ;  10  or  6.29  per  cent,  for  yagrancy ;  9  for  soliciting 
illicit  intercourse ;  9  for  keeping  a  house  of  ill-fame  ;  7  for 
contempt  of  court;  5  for  adultery  ;  5  for  night  walking;  4 
for  being  common  drunkards  ;  4  or  .16  per  cent,  as  insane  ; 
2  as  f  ugitiyes  f  rom  the  Industrial  School ;  2  for  disobedience; 
2  for  keeping  a  disorderly  house  ;  and  one  each  for  abduc- 
tion. Sabbath-breaking,  abusing  an  officer,  idleness,  begging, 
carrying  a  concealed  weapon,  passing  counterfeit  money. 


^loKK    IMI'ORTANT    POLICE    STATISTICS.  127 

ivsc'iiiiig  an  iinpoiinded  cow  and  violation  of  tlie  dairy  law. 
The  percentages  above  stated  ai'i3  the  percentages  of  arrests 
of  both  sexes  for  the  resj^ective  offense. 

()nt  of  732  arrests  of  females  in  181  cases  the  i)arty 
arrested  was  discharged  by  the  chief  without  being  taken 
before  the  conrt,  in  160  cases  the  female  charged  was 
allowed  to  leave  the  coftrt  without  being  punished,  being 
either  found  not  guilty  or  having  judgment  suspended,  or  a 
nolle  entered  in  her  case  ;  in  370  cases  the  court  inflicted 
punishment  by  flue  or  imprisonment ;  10  girls  were  sent  to 
the  Industrial  School,  and  2  women  were  bound  over  to  the 
Superior  Court. 

Of  the  3S5  individual  female  prisoners,  11  or  2.86  per 
cent,  were  under  sixteen  years ;  25  or  6.49  per  cent,  were 
from  sixteen  to  twenty  years  old  inclusive;  126  or  32.73 
per  cent,  were  from  twenty-one  to  thirty  yeai-s  old  inclu- 
sive;  116  or  30.13  per  cent,  were  from  thirty-one  to  forty 
years  inclusive  ;  67  or  17.40  per  cent,  were  from  forty-one 
to  fifty  years  inclusive  ;  and  40  or  10.39  per  cent,  were  over 
fifty  years  of  age. 

Residents  of  this  city  were  321,  and  64  belonged  else- 
where. 

About  100  of  the  385  gave  immediate  bail  and  were  not 
held  as  prisoners. 

During  ninety-two  days  of  the  year  no  female  was  put 
under  arrest. 

It  had  been  the  custom  for  years  to  bring  to  the  police 
station  little  children  who  had  strayed  from  their  homes  or 
had  been  lost  in  the  streets.    Here  in  the  general  office  they 


128  MORE    IMrORTANT   POLICE    STATISTICS. 

liad  to  be  kept  until  their  parents  or  friends  were  found  and 
called  for  tliem.  The  impropriety  of  this  is  self -apparent. 
Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Sherwood  O.  Preston,  agent 
of  the  ''  Organized  Charities,"  a  change  for  the  better  was 
brought  about.  Instead  of  to  police  headquarters  the  little 
ones  are  now  taken  to  the  rooms  of  the  ''  Organized  Chari- 
ties," on  Church  street. 

The  winter  was  extremely  severe  and  full  of  storms. 
The  latter  frequently  left  the  sidewalks  in  a  dangerous  con- 
dition and  furnished  hard  work  for  the  street  inspector  and 
sidewalk  inspector  whose  duty  it  is  to  keep  the  thorctugh- 
fares  in  a  reasonably  clean  and  safe  condition.  Much  as- 
sistance was  rendered  to  said  officials  by  the  department. 
The  following  ligures  will  show  the  degree  of  activity  shown 
by  the  force : 

Uncleaned  sidewalks  reported  by  the  police:  ISSl,  301 ; 
1882,  none;  1883,  none;  1881:,  -lO-l;  1885,  143;  1880,  273; 
1887,  1154. 

Number  of  arrests :  Male,  5,206 ;  female,  735  :  total, 
5,941. 

Stolen  and  lost  property  recovered,  value  815,397.47  ; 
cash  taken  from  prisoners  for  safe  keeping  and  returned  to 
them,  $11,251.81. 


James  Cook, 
sergeant. 


Henky  M.  Chockku, 
sergeant. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

OVER    ONE-HALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS. 

^Iniiicipal  Strength  of  the  Department— Changes  in  the  Roster — A 
Student  Mortally  Shot  in  front  of  a  Saloon — Burglary.  Theft 
and  other  Crimes — Extract  £i-om  the  Chief's  Report — The  De- 
partment Eulogized— Bungling  House  Burglars. 

Year  Ending  December  1,  1888. 
T^HE  entire  numerical  strength  of  the  Pohce  department 
was  one  hundred  and  thirty-three.  Of  these  twenty- 
live  were  supernumeraries  who  were  called  on  duty  only 
when  special  occasions  required  their  services,  the  remain- 
ing one  hundred  and  eight  were  employed  every  dav.  They 
were :  10  promoted  officers,  1  clerk,  1  surgeon,  1  electrician, 
5  special  details,  2  veterans,  77  patrolmen,  5  active  >super- 
numeraries,  4  drivers,  1  janitor,  1  janitress:  total,  108. 

The  central  station  had  six  promoted  officers,  five  spe- 
cial details,  two  veterans,  fifty  patrolmen,  five  active  super- 
numeraries, two  drivers,  and  one  janitor. 

The  Grand  avenue  precinct  liad  four  promoted  officers, 
twenty-seven  patrolmen,  two  drivers,  and  one  janitress. 

In  accordance  with  arrangements  made  October,  1885? 
and  March,  1888,  two  supernumeraries  of  the  department 


130  OVER    ONE-HALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUXKEXNESS. 

continued  to  do  police  duty  daily  in  the  borough  of  Fair 
Haven  East,  and  two  others  in  the  school  district  of  West- 
ville.  They  were  no  expense  to  the  city,  but  received  their 
pay  as  well  as  their  orders  from  officials  of  said  borough  or 
district  respectively. 

CHANGES    IX    THE    ROSTER. 

December  27,  1887,  Supernumerary  Geo.  L.  Wheeler 
was  tried  and  dismissed  from  the  force  for  unbecoming 
conduct. 

January  31,  1888,  Supernnmerary  Henry  Phillips  vol- 
untarily resigned. 

April  31,  1888,  Patrolman  Thomas  McCarthy  was  tried 
and  dismissed  from  the  force  for  unbecoming  conduct. 

April  3, 1888,  Patrolman  James  Mealia,  by  request  of  the 
board,  tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted. 

May  1,  1888,  Patrolman  Hugh  Doherty,  59  years  old,  a 
patrolman  since  March  3,  1874,  and  previously  a  supernu- 
merary, was,  on  account  of  physical  disability,  retired  to  the 
veteran  reserve  at  half  pay,  as  long  as  able  to  perform 
live  hours  duty  daily. 

June  1,  1888,  Patrolman  Pudolf  Mani,  who  had  actively 
served  as  a  supernumerary  since  IS^ovember  29,  1882,  and  as 
a  patrolman  since  August  5,  188-1,  was  honorably  discharged 
on  account  of  feeble  health. 

September  4,  1888,  Supernumerary  James  A.  Sullivan 
was  dismissed  from  the  force  on  account  of  intemperance. 

One  patrolman  was  reduced  to  a  supernumerary  and  one 
supernumerary  was  relieved  from  active  duty.  Four  super- 
numeraries were  put  on  regular  active  duty  and  twelve  new 


ovp:r  one-half  arrests  for  drunkenness.        131 

names  were  added  to  the  list  of  non-active  supernumeraries. 
The  following  are  cases  in  which  the  punishment  of  mem- 
bers of  the  force  fell  short  of  a  dismissal  : 

One  patrolman  was  found  guilty  of  intoxication  while 
on  duty  and  he  was  reduced  to  the  lowest  position  on  the 
force — supernumerary  Grade  E.  Two  patrolmen  were  each 
suspended  from  duty  for  six  days,  and  also  reduced  in  rank 
one  grade  for  sixty  days,  for  having  on  several  occasions 
left  their  beats  without  proper  cause.  One  patrolman  was 
reduced  one  grade  sixty  days  for  improper  conduct. 
Three  patrolmen  the  board  ordered  to  be  publicly  repri- 
manded by  its  president,  two  for  unbecoming  conduct,  and 
one  for  having  left  his  beat  without  proper  cause.  One 
supernumerary  was  found  gnilty  of  gross  neglect  of  duty 
and  he  was  relieved  from  active  service.  One  patrolman 
was  suspended  from  duty  for  five  days  for  having  gone 
home  in  the  middle  of  his  hours  of  duty  without  tele- 
phoning to  or  otherwise  notifying  the  office,  as  he  could 
easily  have  done,  thus  causing  his  beat  to  be  unprotected 
the  greater  part  of  the  night.  He  claimed  he  did  not  feel 
well  and  went  home.  One  patrolman  was  suspended  for 
one  day  for  neglect  of  duty.  Four  patrolmen  forfeited  half 
a  day's  pay  each  for  having  been  late  at  roll  call.  Two 
patrolmen  were  reprimanded  for  having  conducted  them 
selves  disrespectfully  towards  the  roundsmen. 

The  tal:)le  on  the  following  page  shows  the  appropria- 
tions made  for,  and  the  amounts  expended  by,  the  depart- 
ment during  the  past  fiscal  year  : 


132 


OVER    ONE-HALF    AKRESTS    FOR    DRUXKEXNESS. 


Appropriated. 

Expended. 

Balance 
Returned. 

Pay-roll 

sir^  300  00 

8111,729.71 
968.13 
525.00 
2.028.50 
300.00 
92.50 
825.00 
453.90 
225.00 

8570.29 
31.87 

.    .    . 
5.05 

"  7.50 

'21.10 

75.00 

300.00 

Sundries, 

Forage, 

Police  alarm, 

AVagon  and  harness  repairs 

Voting  places, 

Precinct  repairs. 

New  Avagon  and  van,  .... 

Parcliase  of  horse 

Lock-iip  repairs, 

1.000.00 
525.00 

2.033.55 
300.00 
100.00 
825.00 
475.00 
300.00 
300-00 

$118,158.55 

8117.147.74 

81.010.81 

Estimating  Xew  Haven's  population  at  80,000,  tlie  ex- 
pense during  the  year  for  police  purposes  had  l)eeii  one 
dollar  and  forty-six  cents  per  inhabitant. 

Between  six  and  seven  o'clock  on  tlie  evening  of  Xo- 
vember  29,  1888,  Thanksgiving  Day,  John  B.  King,  21: 
years  old.  who  resided  in  West  Haven  and  read  law  at  an 
attorney's  office  in  this  city,  was  found  mortally  shot  in  front 
of  a  saloon  at  the  corner  of  Orchard  and  Charles  streets. 
He  died  in  a  few  moments  after  being  found.  There  was  no 
indication  or  clue  as  to  the  murderer.  All  looked  dark,  but 
the  members  of  the  force  went  to  Avurk  on  the  case  with  a 
good  will.  Nothing  was  left  undone  to  find  out  the 
murderer  and  to  prevent  his  escape,  and  although  there  ap- 
peared to  be  but  little,  if  any,  promise  of  success  at  first,  yet 
by  means  of  good  police  work  it  was  ascertained  during  the 
forenoon  of  the  next  day,  Friday,  Xovember  30,  that  King 
had  been  killed  by  George  Donovan,  of  Xo.  64  Charles 
street,  22  years  old,  who  was  missing.     Donovan  had  been 


OVER    ONE-HALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS.  133 

employed  in  teaming  for  liis  brother.  Later  during  Friday 
an  overcoat  and  a  revolver  were  found  near,  and  a  hat  was 
discovered  in,  the  reservoir,  near  Prospect  street,  and  these 
articles  were  identified  as  Donovan's  property.  The  work 
of  drawing  off  the  water  of  the  reservoir  was  at  once  com- 
menced and  on  the  morning  of  the  next  day,  Saturday, 
December  1,  Donovan's  dead  body  was  found  at  the  bottom 
of  the  reservoir.  He  had  drowned  himself  durins:  Thurs- 
day  night.  The  motive  for  the  murder  and  suicide  arose 
out  of  improper  intimacy  on  the  part  of  both  King  and 
Donovan  with  the  same  woman. 

There  were  about  the  usual  number  of  arrests  for  offenses 
against  property,  but  the  value  of  the  property  involved  in 
the  reported  cases  of  burglary,  theft,  and  similar  crimes 
were  very  small,  and  while  the  crime  of  horse  stealing- 
seemed  to  increase  in  the  state,  not  a  horse  had  been  stolen 
from  the  city,  during  the  past  four  years,  which  the  depart- 
ment had  not  recovered  and  restored  to  its  owner. 

During  the  year  6,1^1:9  arrests  Avere  made.  A  complete 
classification  of  them,  prepared  with  great  accuracy  l)y  Mr. 
Charles  T.  Candee,  formed  tlie  most  important  part  of  the 
yearly  report.  A  comparison  of  the  arrests  made  for  the 
most  frequent  causes  during  the  past  five  years  may  l)e 
found  on  the  following  page  : 


13i 


OVEK    ONE-HALF    AERESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS. 


Offenses. 


Drnnkeuuess 

Breach  of  the  peace  .... 

Theft  aucl  theft  from  the 
person   

Vagrancy   or  Ijegging  .    .    . 

Lascivious  carriage  and  for- 
nication     

Violating-  city   ordinances  . 

Crime,  trespass  on  cars  and 
otherwise 

Injury  to   property  .... 

Violation  of  liquor  law  l)y 
selling  Sundays 

Violation  liquor  law  other- 
wise     

Non-support  of  family  .    .    . 

Burglary,  and  attempt  at  . 

House  of  ill  fame,  residing 
in   and   frequenting  .    .    . 

House  of  ill  fame,  keeping  . 

Gaming,  and  keeping  gam- 
ing house  

Arrests   of  males 

Arrests   of   females  .... 


Total  arrests 


Arrests. 


1884: 


3.111 
1,099 

310 
173 

151 
194 

42 
64 


113 
53 
45 

GS 
31 

6 

5,188 


5,945 


1885 


3.015 
1,095 

264 
lOG 

110 
162 

15 
47 

oCj 

61 
80 
38 

37 
11 

71 

4,979 

653 


5,632 


1886 


3.122 
1,144 

283 
149 

109 
177 

47 
67 


55 
51 

34 
16 

37 

5,060 

720 


5.780 


188; 


3,491 
957 

228 
159 

184 
147 

18 
64 

70 

50 
34 
57 

45 

18 

18 

5,186 

735 


1888 


5,921 


3,331 

1.085 

307 
204 


91 


34 


'Jo 
5,397 


6.149 


Aver- 
age. 


3.214 
1,076 

279 
158 

138 
157 

39 
61 

64 


6S 
oo 
45 


42 

18 

31 
,162 
723 


5.885 


These  figures  show  that  the  year's  arrests  for  the  lead- 
ing causes  are,  with  a  very  feAv  exceptions,  about  the  aver- 
age number.  "While  there  are  twentv-eight  cases  more  of 
petty  thieving,  there  are  eleven  less  of  burglary.  Last 
year's  uncommonly  high  number  of  arrests  for  vagrancy  or 
begging  (204)  has  been  surpassed  only  once  in  the  history 
of  the  department,  namely,  in  1874,  when  215  such  arrests 
were  recorded.  Arrests  for  the  allied  offense  of  trespass  on 
the  cars  were  also  unusuallv  numerous.     Both  increases  are 


OVER    ONE-HALF    ARRESTS    P\)R    DRUNKENNESS.  135 

due  ill  a  o-reat  measure,  if  not  entirely,  to  the  diseontinuance 
of  the  custoni  of  furnishing  at  tlie  pohce  stations  free  lodg- 
ings to  all  applicants,  and  also  to  the  special  instructions 
given  to  the  whole  force,  since  July  1,  to  watch  for  and  ar- 
rest all  vagrants,  beggars,  and  tresspassers.  The  above 
nientioned  custom,  which  prevailed  here  for  many  years  and 
still  exists  in  some  cities,  certainly  encouraged  vagrancy  and 
tramping.  I  am  satisfied  that  the  change  made  is  a  bene- 
ficial one.  This  change  and  the  recent  numerous  arrests 
for  vagrancy,  and  the  arrests  and  bindings  over,  under  the 
dreaded  ''  Tramp  Act,"  will  soon  become  generally  known 
among  the  roving  fraternity,  and  travehng  mendicants  will 
cease  to  make  our  city  a  stopping  place.  Let  me  mention 
here  that  this  new  departure  ini^olves  no  cruelty  or  hard- 
ship. The  homeless  and  penniless  who  live  in  or  come  to 
Xew  Haven,  can  still  make  sure  of  a  shelter  and  of  some- 
thing to  eat.  Those  who  are  unable  to  work  will  be  taken 
care  of  by  the  town  as  the  law  provides,  while  those  who 
are  able-bodied  are  directed  to  the  "  Organized  Charities," 
on  Church  street,  where  by  a  reasonable  amount  of  work  in 
the  wood-yard  or  laundry,  they  can  always  secure  lodging 
and  necessary  meals.  Many  of  those  who  under  the  old 
custom  would  have  been  lodged  free  of  charge  at  the  police 
stations,  and  who  would  have  begged  their  meals  of  kind- 
hearted  but  injudicious  residents,  now  work  for  and  earn 
their  board  and  lodging.- 

Year  Ending  December,  1889. 
The  police  department  had  at  this  date  a  total  numer- 
ical strength  of  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight.     Twentj^-nine 
of  these  were  supernumeraries  not  regularly  detailed  for 


136  OVER    OXE-HALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS. 

city  service,  but  called  on  duty  only  on  special  occasions. 
The  remaining  one  hundred  and  thirteen  were  employed  in 
the  service  of  the  city  every  day,  namely:  9  promoted 
officers,  1  clerk,  1  surgeon,  2  electricians,  2  detectives,  1 
truant  officer,  1  court  officer,  1  doorman,  3  veterans, 
82  patrolmen,  8  acting  supernumeraries,  21  supernumera- 
ries, 4  drivers,  1  janitor,  1  janitress :  total,  138. 

The  central  station  had  six  promoted  officers,  two 
detectives,  one  ti'uant  officer,  one  court  officer,  one  door- 
man, three  veterans,  fifty-four  patrolmen,  four  active  super- 
numeraries, two  drivers,  and  one  janitor. 

The  Grand  avenue  precinct  had  four  promoted  officers, 
twenty-seven  patrolmen,  two  drivers,  and  one  janitress. 

Beyond  the  city  limits. — Two  supernumeraries  of  this 
department  remained  in  the  daily  employment  of  the  bor- 
ough of  Fair  Haven  East,  and  two  were  regularly  employed 
by  the  school  district  of  Westville  under  the  arrangements 
entered  into  October,  1885,  and  March,  1888,  respectively. 

In  connection  with  the  amendment  to  the  city  charter, 
generally  known  as  the  police  pension  law,  passed  by  tlie 
legislature  of  this  state,  May  8,  1889,  it  was  deemed  de- 
sirable to  have  in  a  handy  form  the  date  of  birth  and  the 
date  of  permanent  aj^pointment  of  every  member  of  the 
department  to  whom  the  befoi-e  mentioned  law  should 
apply. 

January  1,  1889,  Austin  L.  W.  Kittredgewas  appointed 
assistant  electrician  and  lineman. 

May  1.  1889,  Supernumerary  John  Toole,  who  had  been 
suspended  Sej^tember  11,  1888,  was  dismissed  from  the 
force  for  o-ross  neo^lect  of  dutv. 


OVER    ONE-HALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS.  137 

June  4-,  ISSli,  Thomas  Kennedy,  the  well  known  depot 
otficer,  and  the  oldest  j^atrolnian  in  the  department,  who, 
by  reason  of  sickness  had  been  unable  to  do  duty  since 
January  14,  1889,  was  transferred  to   the  veteran  reserve. 

August  16,  18S0,  Patrohnan  Michael  Cannon  who  had 
been  a  permanent  member  of  the  department  since  June 
24,  1871,  was  dismissed  from  the  force  for  intoxication 
while  on  duty. 

September  7,  1889,  veteran  Adolph  Ileg-let  died.  He 
was  appointed  a  patrolman  September  5,  1879.  In  1882, 
while  making  an  arrest,  he  received  serious  injuries  from 
which  he  never  fully  recovered.  He  performed  his  last 
police  duty  on  December  6,  1888,  and  was  sick  from  that 
day  until  he  died.  On  June  4,  1889  he  was  transferred  to 
the  veteran  reserve.  The  funeral  of  officer  Heglet  took 
place  in  the  afternoon  of  September  10,-  1889.  As  a  mark 
of  respect  to  the  memory  of  the  dead  officer,  his  burial  was 
attended  by  the  board  of  police  commissioners  and  by  the 
police  force  in  a  body. 

In  addition  to  the  two  dismissed  officers  already  men- 
tioned the  board  of  police  commissioners  tried  live  other 
members  of  tlie  department  during  the  past  year.  Of  these 
(December  8,  1888,)  two  were  reduced  in  rank  one  grade 
for  two  months  and  ordered  to  be  reprimanded  for  willful 
neglect  of  duty.  Two  others  (February  26,  1889,)  the 
board  reduced  one  grade  for  one  month  and  ordered  to  be 
reprimanded  for  drinking  intoxicating  liquor  while  on  duty. 
In  the  tifth  case  (July  16,  1889,)  the  board  reduced  the 
officer  one  grade  for  three  months  for  unbecoming  conduct. 
The  chief  had  occasion  to  impose  penalties  in  accordance 


138  OYER    ONE-HALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS. 

with  the  rules  of  the  department  in  live  instances.  The 
lightest  penalty  was  half  a  day's  suspension  from  duty,  and 
the  heaviest  was  a  suspension  of  five  days.  The  former 
Avas  given  because  the  officer  in  question  had  stopped  to 
lunch  at  a  restaurant  on  the  way  to  his  beat,  and  the  latter 
penalty  was  imposed  l)ecause  the  officer  in  that  case  had 
negligently  patrolled  the  territory  allotted  to  him  and  had 
repeatedly  and  without  good  cause  left  his  beat.  Two 
patrolmen  were  late  at  roll  call  and  forfeited  each  half  a 
a  day's  pay.  Another  patrolman  remained  off  duty  witliout 
notice  or  excuse  and  thereby  under  tlie  board's  rules  forfeit- 
ed one  day's  pay. 

The  chief's  annual  report  contains  the  following:    '*  To 
those  who  know  the  rules  governing  this  police  force  and 
the  degree  of  discipline  maintained  among  its  more  than 
one  hundred  members  the  foregoing  will  l)e  proof  of  the 
good  behavior  of  the  average  New   Haven  police  officer. 
Information  obtained  from  other  cities  enables  me  to  state 
that  there  is  less  punishing  and  fining  here  than  in  the 
average  police  force.     An  examination  of  our  own  records 
Avill  also  prove  that  there  is  at  present  much  less  of  that 
kind  of  disciplining  in  this  department  than  there  was  in 
former  years,  and  I  gladly  add  that  I  believe  there  is  less 
necessity  for  it.     Our  police  officers  are  by  no  means  per- 
fect, they,  like  other  mortals,  have  their  weaknesses  and 
shortcomings  which  occasionally  need  correcting,  and  some 
need  more  attention  in  this  respect  than  others,  but  on  the 
whole  they  are  a  body  of  orderly,  faithful  and  brave  men 
who  mean  to  do  their  full  duty.     I  cheerfully  bear  testi- 
mony that  I  have  noticed,  during  the  nine  years  of  my  offi- 


OVER    ONE-HALF    AKRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS. 


131» 


cial  connection  with  this  department,  a  constant  ini])rove- 
inent  in  its  'morale  and  general  efficiency." 

The  total  number  of  arrests  made  by  the  department 
during  the  year  was  6,191,  an  increase  of  49  as  compared 
with  those  of  the  year  before.  It  will  be  seen  that  in  this 
respect  this  year's  work  of  the  force  does  not  materially 
diifer  from  that  of  the  last  preceding  year. 

As  a  ready  means  of  comparison  the  following  table, 
showing  the  arrests  made  for  the  more  frequent  causes  dur- 
ing the  past  six  years  is  given  : 


Offenses. 


Arrests. 


188-1:  '   1885 


1886  i   1887  I   1888   i   188!» 


Drunkenness  

Breach  of  the  peace  .... 

Theft,  and  theft  from  the 
person  

Vagranc}'  or  beggin.ii-  •    •    • 

Lascivious  carriage  and  for- 
nication   

Violating  city   ordinances  . 

Crime,  trespass  on  cars  and 
otherwise 

Injury  to  property 

Violating-  liquor  law  by  sell- 
ing Sundays  

Violating  liquor  law  other- 
wise    

Xon-support   of    family  .    . 

Burglary,   and  attempt  at  . 

House  of  ill  fame,  residing 
in   and    frequenting  .    . 

House  of  ill  fame,  keeping  . 

Gaming  and  keeping  gaming 
house 

Arrests    of   males 

Arrests   of   females  .... 


Total   arrests 


3.111 
1,099 

810 
173 

151 
19-4 

•42 
64 

52 

113 
53 
45 

(\>^ 
31 

0 

5,188 

757 


.9-45 


3,015 
1,095 

264 

106 

110 
162 

15 
47 

61 
80 
38 

37 
11 

71 

4,979 

753 


5.63i? 


3,122 
1,144 

283 
149 

109 

177 

47 
67 


25 
oo 
51 

34 
16 

37 

5,060 

720 


5.780 


3,491  !  3,331     3.512 
957  I  1,085  I  1,000 


228 
159 

184 
147 

18 
64 


50 
34 
57 

45 

18 


18 

5,186 

735 


.921 


307 
204 


137 
90 


91 
52 
34 

28 
12 


279 

208 

112 
59 

59 

35 

133 
57 

48 


10 


25 
5,397 


5.437 
754 


6.149     6.1!il 


140  OVER    OXE-IIALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS. 

Xo  murder  occurred  in  Xew  Haven  since  the  previous 
report.  There  were  several  cases,  of  death  resulting  from 
accident,  and  in  some  of  them  the  question  arose  whether 
the  victim's  death  was  or  was  not  due  to  the  criminal  care- 
lessness of  another.  On  April  17,  1889,  a  workman  en- 
gaged on  the  new  Osborn  memorial  hall  on  the  campus  of 
Yale  university,  was  killed  by  a  heavy  stone  which  a  fellow 
workman  in  the  course  of  his  work,  had  thrown  from  one 
of  the  upper  stories  of  the  new  building.  On  July  4,  1889, 
a  boy  was  shot  and  killed  by  a  man  who  was  shooting  at  a 
mark  on  the  outskirts  of  the  city.  On  Xovember  16,  1889. 
a  vouno'  woman  was  killed  by  the  accidental  discharo^e  of  a 
rifle  in  the  hands  of  a  man  employed  in  the  same  household 
with  her.  Arrests  were  made  in  these  cases,  but  the  parties 
arrested  were  subsequently  discharged,  the  court  or  the 
proper  judicial  official  finding  that  the  evidence  did  not  con- 
clusively prove  criminal  carelessness. 

During  the  latter  part  of  the  year  several  house  burg- 
laries, and  a  number  of  unsuccessful  attempts  at  the  same 
crime,  had  taken  place.  Altliough  the  successful  burglaries 
were  few  and  the  amouiit  of  property  lost  in  connection 
with  them  was  conq^aratively  insignificant,  they  and  tlie 
persistent  attempts  caused  considerable  anno^^ance  to  citi- 
zens, and  in  no  less  degree  to  officials  of  the  police  depart- 
ment. With  a  few  exceptions  these  crimes  were  undoul^t- 
edly  committed  by  parties  residing  here.  The  criminals 
showed  little  experience  but  considerable  boldness  and  a 
fair  acquaintance  with  the  hours  of  duty  of  the  police 
officers  on   whose  l)eats  the  premises  to  be  attacked  were 


OVER    ONE-HAr.P^    AKRKSTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS.  141 

situated.  Tliework  was  evideiith'  not  all  dune  by  one  per- 
son nor  by  one  gang.  Extra  police  measures  were  adopted. 
The  beats  and  hours  of  the  patrolmen  were  changed  from 
time  to  time,  and  a  number  of  patrolmen  were  ordered  to 
])atrol  in  citizen's  dress.  Suspected  persons  were  watched 
as  closely  as  circumstances  would  permit,  and  several  of 
them  left  the  citv.  A  few  arrests,  followed  by  conviction 
ov  binding  ovei",  with  the  bound-over  party  again  at  liberty 
under  bonds,  had  been  made,  but  the  evil  had  not  been 
wholly  suppressed. 

The  comparative  statement  of  arrests  shows  that  the 
year's  police  work  had  been  of  about  the  same  amount  and 
character  as  that  of  the  years  immediately  preceding.  A 
noticeable  exception,  however,  appears  under  the  head  of 
•'  violating  city  ordinances,''  and  it  may  be  well  to  explain 
the  reason  for  this.  During  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1888 
a  case  was  tried  in  the  city  court,  and  subsequently  in  the 
court  of  common  pleas,  criminal  side,  in  which  the  cpiestion 
was  raised  whether,  with  regard  to  a  lartre  nunil)er  of  our 
city  ordinances,  their  enforcement  by  criminal  procedure 
was  legal,  or  whether  they  could  be  lawfully  enforced  only 
by  a  ciA^l  suit.  Judicial  officers  and  others  learned  in  the 
law  entertained  serious  doubts  on  this  point,  and  the  case  in 
which  it  was  raised  was  iinally  taken  to  the  supreme  court. 
Durincr  its  pendency,  the  police  force  was  instructed,  by 
advice  of  the  city  court  officials,  not  to  make  any  arrests 
under  the  questionable  ordinances.  Later,  however,  it  had 
been  decided  by  the  supreme  court  that  in  the  cases  in 
(juestion  the  criminal  procedure  was  perfectly  proper. 


142  OVER    ONE-HALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS. 

Taken  bv  months,  tlie  year's  arrests   were  made  as  fol- 


low 


December,  1888 525  June,    1889 511 

January,  1889 548  July,  1889 63G 

February.  1889, 434  Ausrust,  1889 535 

March,  1889 451  September,  1889 475 

April,    1889 516  October,  1889 .548 

May,  1889  .    .    •    • 479  November,  1889 533 

With  reference  to  the  seven  davs  of  the  week,  the  6,191 
arrests  were  divided  as  follows :  Sundays,  449 ;  Mondays, 
1,016 ;  Tuesdays,  984 ;  Wednesdays,  908  ;  Thursdays,  861 ; 
Fridays,  687;  Saturdays,  1,286:  total,  6,191. 

Under  the  city  ordinance  whicli  authorizes  the  superin- 
tendent of  police  to  discharge  persons  arrested  for  trivial 
offenses,  witliout  taking  them  before  the  court,  1,851  per- 
sons so  arrested,  and  included  in  the  stated  total  of  6,191, 
were  discharged.  In  the  great  majority  of  these  1,851 
cases  the  arrest  was  made  for  drunkenness  only,  and  the 
party  arrested  had  either  never  before  fallen  into  the  hands 
of  the  police,  or  more  than  four  months  had  elapsed  since 
his  last  arrest.  Being  locked  up  over  night,  and  until  per- 
fectly sober,  with  an  additional  admonition,  was  deemed 
sufficient  punishment  in  their  cases. 

During  the  fiscal  year  the  police  department  cost  the 
city  $117,728.44. 

The  department,  as  usual,  has  managed  to  limit  its 
expenditures  within  the  different  appropriations.  ISo  extra 
allowance  and  no  transfer  of  balances  had  been  asked  for, 
and  a  strict  economy  had  been  the  rule  in  all  matters 
affecting  the  finances. 


OVER    OXE-HALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS.  148 

For  a  number  of  years  it  had  been  customary  in  pre- 
paring tlie  estimated  pay-roll  to  ask  for  $2,500  or  |3,00U 
less  than  would  be  necessary  for  a  full  time  pay-roll,  antici- 
pating that  the  latter  amount  would  l)e  saved  by  absence 
from  duty  on  account  of  sickness  or  for  other  reasons.  It 
was  recommended  that  this  custom  be  discontinued,  and 
that  an  amount  be  asked  for  which  would  be  sufficient  to 
pay  the  supernumeraries  to  take  the  places  of  absent  offi- 
cers. Under  the  rule  granting  each  officer  one  day  of  rest 
per  month  without  loss  of  pay  to  him,  there  were  on  the 
average  three  cases  of  absence  per  day  without  any  saving 
whatever  to  the  pay-roll.  Sufficient  pay  sliould  have  been 
granted  to  enable  tlie  department  at  all  times  to  have  an 
officer — either  regular  or  supernumerary — on  every  beat  in 
the  city.  Under  the  then  arrangement  they  wei-e  compelled 
to  leave  every  night  from  four  to  five  beats  practically  Avith- 
out  any  police  protection. 

The  department  still  continued  to  take  the  cloth  neces- 
sary for  the  uniforms  of  its  members  from  Messrs.  Sullivan, 
Tail  &  Co.,  of  Xos.  329  and  331  Broadway,  Xew  York. 
Of  this  cloth,  tliere  had  been  sold  during  the  year  to  the 
amount  of  $728.77. 

May  30,  Decoration  Day,  the  entire  department  was 
ordered  out  for  inspection  and  review,  and  all  its  members 
who  could  be  spared  for  that  purpose  were  detailed  as  an 
escort  to  the  three  Grand  Army  Posts  during  their  parade. 

On  July  10,  the  centennial  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Con- 
necticut Free  Masons  was  celebrated  by  a  great  gatli- 
ering   of    Free    Masons,    and    a    grand    parade  through 


14i  OYER    ONE-HALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS. 

the  main  streets.  On  September  3,  the  semi-Cen- 
tennial  of  Connecticut  Odd  Fellowship  was  commemorated 
in  a  similar  manner.  On  both  these  occasions  the  major, 
in  conformity  with  the  city  ordinances,  gave  to  the  parade 
the  right  of  way,  in  consequence  of  which  the  entire  line 
of  march  was  on  botli  days  guarded  by  extra  j^olice.  In 
addition  the  department  furnished  to  each  of  the  two  pa- 
rades a  police  escort  composed  in  the  first  case  entirely  of 
Free  Masons  and  in  the  second  instance  of  Odd  Fellows. 

The  authority  to  increase  the  number  of  captains  to  four 
and  that  of  sergeants  to  eighteen  was  asked  for  and  granted 
for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  department  to  establish  and 
to  properly  man  two  more  police  precincts  or  reporting 
stations.  And  it  was  highly  desirable  that  this  work  be 
done  at  as  early  a  date  as  the  finances  of  the  city  would 
permit. 

As  the  population  increases  the  police  force  should  be 
made  stronger.  During  the  past  sixteen  years  the  popula- 
tion of  Xew  Haven  had  nearly  doubled ;  almost  every 
known  nation  had  furnished  its  quota  of  this  increase,  yet 
the  number  of  patrolmen  wa's  the  same  that  it  was  sixteen 
years  ago.  Streets  were  patrolled  only  by  about  the  same 
number  of  policemen  as  they  were  in  1873.  A  reference 
to  the  City  Year  Book  of  1872,  and  to  the  City  Year  Book 
of  1873,  shows  that  in  1872  the  police  commission  recom- 
mended to  the  common  council  an  immediate  increase  of 
patrolmen  to  one  hundred,  and  that  in  1873  their  number 
was  actually  raised  to  eighty-five,  which  was  exactly  the 
figure  the  roster  showed.     The  department  had  only  two 


John  Driscoll, 
sergeant. 


William  E.  McBride, 
sergeant. 


OVER    OXE-IIALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS.  145 

detectives,  the  same  number  wliicli  it  had  liad  fur  more  tlian 
twenty-five  years. 

Tlie  police  department  needed  strengthening:-  if  a  proper 
enforcement  of  law  and  order  was  to  be  expected.  This 
could  have  been  most  eifectually  done  by  the  addition  of  a 
few  more  members  to  the  force  and  bv  establishine:  two 
new  police  precincts,  one  in  the  sonthwesterly  and  the  other 
in  the  northwesterly  part  of  the  city,  with  station  houses 
near  the  junction  of  Howard  avenue  and  AVashington  street, 
and  near  the  junction  of  Dixwell  avenue  and  Webster 
street,  respectively.  As  all  the  Avagon  work  could  well  be 
done  from  police  headcpiarters,  no  additional  liorses,  wagons, 
stables  or  large  lock-ups  would  be  necessary. 

Each  of  these  precincts,  it  was  urged,  should  have  a  cap- 
tain, three  sergeants  and  about  fifteen  patrolmen,  of  which 
mimber  about  one-half  could  then,  under  the  new  order  of 
things,  be  taken  from  the  headquarters'  force. 

The  establishment  of  such  precincts,  Avas  recommended 
on  the  ground  that  the  police  service  would  thereby  be  greatly 
improved.  Those  officers  wdio  patrolled  the  outlying  parts 
of  the  city  could  be  on  their  beats  only  a  small  part  of  their 
tour  of  duty,  the  greater  portion  of  their  ten  hours  being 
taken  up  by  traveling  to  and  from  headquarters  on  their  re- 
ports. Some  beats  were  so  far  from  headquarters  that  the 
respective  officers  could  be  on  them  only  about  three  hours 
out  of  ten.  For  this  evil  the  new  stations  would  furnish 
the  remedy.  They  would  greatly  increase  the  protection  in 
those  parts  of  the  city  which  were  more  than  half  a  mile 
distant  from  its  center,  and  do  away  with  the  unnecessary 


146  OVER    ONE-HALF    ARKESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS. 

crowding  of  the  patrolmen  near  headquarters  about  report- 
ing times.  They  would  also  bring  about  earlier  and  more 
complete  complaints  and  information  with  reference  to 
breaches  of  the  law  which  occurred  at  some  distance  from  the 
center  of  the  city ;  for  many  citizens  who  were  unwilling  to 
travel  a  mile  or  two  to  give  the  police  information,  would 
be  found  ready  to  go  a  few  blocks  for  that  purpose.  But 
the  greatest  improvement  would  grow  out  of  the  fact  that 
the  officers  and  the  men  at  the  headquarters  and  in  the  new 
precincts  would  then  have  a  smaller  territory  and  fewer 
persons  to  become  acquainted  with.  And  as  specialists  in 
the  different  professions  are  expected  to  and  do  render  better 
services  in  their  specialties  than  the  general  practitioners,  so 
would  police  officials  then  do  better  work  in  their  limited 
field  of  action.  The  experience  of  other  cities — and  the 
Grand  avenue  precinct — proved  tlie  correctness  of  this  as- 
sertion. 

The  community  would  thereby  be  well  repaid  for  any 
reasonable  outlay  made  in  the  direction  above  indicated,  and 
the  recommended  change  would  give  to  the  many  taxpayers 
who  resided  or  owned  property  remote  from  the  center  of 
the  city  that  amount  of  police  protection  for  which  they 
had  called  so  long  and  to  which  their  city  taxes  seemed  to 
entitle  them. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

IMPORTANT    POLICE    PKOCEEDINGS    NARRATED. 

Death  of  the  Veteran  Patrolman,  Thomas  Kennedy — No  Case  of  Ho- 
micide to  Kecord  for  the  Year  1890 — Shop  Lifters  and 
Bunco  Steerers  Not  In  It — Horse  Thieves  Brought  to  Book 
— Expense   of  a   Policeman's    Outflt. 

Year  Ending  November  30,  1890. 
I^URIXG  the  year,  tlie  following  changes  affecting  the 
roster  took  place : 

December  30,  1889,  Thomas  Kennedy,  the  veteran 
patrolman,  died  of  paralysis.  He  first  became  a  member 
of  the  department  as  a  snpernnmerary  on  August  26, 1861, 
was  made  a  regular  patrolman  on  March  6,  1863,  and  re- 
mained on  regular  duty  as  such  until  1889,  when 
owing  to  physical  infirmity,  he  was  transferred  to  the 
veteran  reserve.  For  a  long  time  he  wore  patrolman's 
shield  Xo.  1,  and  for  many  years  did  day  duty  at  the  Union 
depot,  where  he  became  the  general  favorite  of  the  traveling 
pul)lic.  His  record  in  the  department  was  without  a 
blemish.  As  a  mark  of  respect  to  his  memory  the  board 
of  police  commissioners  and  the  police  force  attended  the 
funeral. 

January  21,  1890,  Supernumerary  Edward  J.  Coft'ey 
died  of  pneumonia.     He  was  first  ordered  on  regular  duty 


lis  IMPORTANT    POLICE    PEOCEEDIXGS    X AERATED. 

March  5,  1S89,  and  received  liis  lirst  promotion  to  grade  D, 
on  September  6,  1SS9. 

Marcli  4,  1890,  Patrolman  Moses  Greenbanm,  avLo  Lad 
been  suffering  from  sickness,  was  transferred  to  the  vet- 
eran reserve. 

April  22,  1890,  Sergeant  Lent  Bishop  resigned  as  a 
member  of  tlie  department. 

Se2)tember  1,  1890,  Driver  Bernard  J.  Eeillywasput  on 
street  patrol  dutv. 

During  the  year  Henry  S.  Jarrett,  Thomas  J.  Dunn  and 
Owen  J.  Daley  were  promoted  from  tlie  supernumerary 
grade  to  the  rank  of  regular  patrohnen.  Supernumeraries 
Charles  O.  Bowers,  Wm.  R.  Curren,  AVm.  L.  Wilhams, 
Charles  A.  Sessler,  Edward  J.  Lewis,  Jeremiali  McGrath 
and  Dennis  W.  Sheehan  were  ordered  on  street  duty 
regularly. 

This  left  the  departmeiit  a  total  membership  of  138  of 
which  21  were  supernumeraries  not  on  duty  l)ut  subject 
to  call,  while  lit  were  employed  in  the  service  of  the  city 
every  day.  They  were :  9  promoted  officers,  1  clerk,  1 
surgeon,  2  electricians,  2  detectives,  1  truant  officer,  1  court 
officer,  1  doorman,  3  veterans,  82  patrolmen,  8  acting  super- 
numeraries, 3  drivers,  1  temporary  driver,  1  janitor,  1 
janitress.     . 

Of  these  the  central  station  had  5  promoted  officers  and 
sixty-two  men  doing  street  patrol  duty,  while  the  Grand 
avenue  precinct  had  four  promoted  officers  and  thirty  men 
on  street  patroL 

The  department  made  5,869  arrests  during  the  year.    In 


IMPORTANT    POLICE    PROCEEDINGS    NARRATED.  149 

5,156  cases  the  persons  arrested  were  males,  and  in  718  cases 
females. 

During  the  past  year  there  were  fifty-six  arrests  of 
males  and  ten  arrests  of  females  less  than  the  average  of 
the  preceding  five  years.  Policewise  the  last  twelve  months 
were  very  quiet.  There  was  no  case  of  homicide  to  record, 
and  less  crime  had  been  committed  than  during  the  average 
year.  Shop-lifters  and  bunco-steerers  had  done  no  work. 
Of  the  horse  thieves  who  operated  to  an  unusual  extent  in 
this  state  and  in  adjoining  ones  the  previous  summer,  and 
who  managed  to  get  several  Kew  Haven  teams,  three  were 
brought  before  the  courts,  and  a  fourth  one  was  discovered 
and  identiiied  in  a  Yermont  j^rison.  All  the  stolen  Kew 
Haven  horses  were  recovered. 

During  the  preceding  twelve  months  the  department 
arrested  315  females,  who  were  residents,  and  fifty-seven 
females  who  were  not  residents  of  the  city — a  total  of  372 
females.  Of  these  some  were  arrested  only  once,  while 
others  were  arrested  oftener  during  the  year,  and  thus  they 
furnished  713  cases. 

The  cost  of  maintaining  the  department  was  practically 
the  same  as  during  the  year  before.  The  ex|)enditures  did 
not  exceed  the  total  amount  appropriated,  but  the  sum 
allowed  for  ''  sundries  "  was  spent  sometime  before  the  end 
of  the  year,  and  it  became  necessary  to  ask  for  a  transfer  to 
this  account  from  the  "horses"  account,  which  was  granted. 
Out  of  the  total  appropriation  of  $11S,S60.00  the  depart- 
ment expended  $118,281.83,  and  it  returned  into  the  eity 
treasurv  the  unusual  balance  of  $578.17. 


150  IMPORTANT    POLICE    PROCEEDINGS    NARRATED. 

A  complete  uniform  consists  of : 

1  uniform  overcoat,  average  price      .  .  .  $30.00 

1        "         dress  coat,      ''          ''          .  .  .  26.00 

1        "         blouse,-          ''          ''         .  .  .  12.00 

1  "         vest,                "          '^         .  .  .  5.00 

2  pairs  uniform  pantaloons,  average  price  .  15.50 
1  uniform  helmet,  average  j^rice         .         .         .  2.50 

$91.00 

In  addition  to  the  above  every  officer  is  expected  to  OAvn 
a  baton  and  belt,  a  billy,  a  revolver,  nippers  and  a  police 
whistle,  a  further  expense  of  about  $15.00. 

This  expense  it  is  seldom  necessary  to  incur  at  once. 
Those  who  join  the  force  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  need 
no  dress  coat  until  the  following  summer,  and  those  who 
become  policemen  in  the  Spring  enjoy  a  number  of  pay 
days  before  their  first  overcoat  is  to  be  j^urchased ;  and 
frequently  the  new  comers  manage  to  save  by  buying  their 
overcoats  and  dress  coats  from  ex-members,  from  newly 
promoted  officers,  or  from  such  who,  benefitted  by  the 
healthy  exercise  of  police  service,  have  outgrown  their 
coats. 

Once  well  fitted  out,  it  takes  but  little  money  to  keep  in 
uniform,  as  the  more  expensive  articles  last  for  a  number 
of  years. 

Taking  the  price  before  stated  as  a  basis,  the  cost  of  all 
these  enumerated  articles  was  $3,316.50,  an  average  expense 
of  $45.1:3  per  man  for  three  years  and  seven  months.     The 


IMPOKTANT    POLICE    PKOCEEDINGS    NARRATED.  151 

lieaviest    iiulividual   account   for   said   period   amounts   to 
$141.00  and  the  lightest  to  $5.(iO. 

Tliere  were  a  good  many  other  articles  of  wearing  ap- 
parel which  policemen,  like  other  men,  must  have,  but 
with  them  these  facts  had  nothing  to  do.  While,  the  newly 
made  supernumeraries  buy  and  pay  for  their  first  outiit 
with  the  utmost  cheerfulness,  on  the  other  hand  there 
seemed  to  be  a  feeling  among  some  of  the  older  members 
that  money  paid  for  parts  of  the  prescribed  uniform  is 
money  wasted  and  that  it  amounts  to  an  enormous  sum, 
when,  as  they  learn  the  uniform  has  cost  them  on  the  aver- 
age, a  little  over  $15.00  per  year,  helmet  included. 
Year  Ending  IS'qvember  30,  1891. 

The  roster  of  the  department  stood  as  follows :  Superin- 
tendent,  Tread  well  Smith,  room  1,  police  building;    Cap- 
tain, William  M.  Hyde,  station  3 ;  James  Wrinn,  station  1 ; 
William  O'Keefe,  station  2 ;  James  P.  Brewer,  station  4. 
sergeants. 

Albert  Bradley,  station  2 ;  John  Driscoll,  hack  inspector, 
station  1 ;  William  E.  McBride,  1 ;  James  Cook,  1 ;  Philip 
Heilly,  detective,  1;  John  McGrath,  2;  Bart.  Tiernan,  4; 
Samuel  J.  Woodruff,  4 ;  Frederick  H.  Bissell,  4 ;  Patrick 
Bergin,  3 ;  Jotham  H.  Orr,  3 ;  Henry  M.  Crocker,  1 ; 
Henry  D.  Cowles,  active  detective,  1 ;  Charles  Stonnant,  3 ; 
Stephen  F.  McGann,  2 ;  truant  officer,  James  Sullivan,  1 ; 
court  officer,  John  F.  Xettleton,  1 ;  doorman,  Richard 
Moore,  1. 

PATROLMEN,    GRADE    A. 

Edgar  Phelps ,  William  H.  Nichols,  James  W.  Walter, 
Thomas    Hackett,   3 ;  Charles  E.   Stokes,   2 ;     George    O. 


152  IMPOKTAXT    POLICE    PROCEEDINGS    XAREATED. 

Bradley,  1  ;  Patrick  Hart,  Charles  Shanalian,  2  ;  William 
Kearney,  3  ;  Ben.  S.  Jackson,  2  ;  John  Longhlin,  1  ;  Pat- 
rick Clyne,  Micliael  Flannerv,  2  ;  George  W.  Waas.  3  ; 
Talcott  Khocles,  John  McAvov,  2  ;  Patrick  Doherty,  Bicey 
Beegan,  1  ;  Warren  A.  Pickering,  4 ;  Terence  Clancy, 
Patrick  Keilly,  2  ;  Charles  H.  Pabor,  3  ;  Michael  Ahearn, 
1  ;  Christoplier  Schroeder,  2  ;  William  E.  Bowen,  3  ; 
George  J.  Mnri^hy,  1  ;  Joseph  S.  Stewart,  William  A. 
Kiev,  3  ;  Martin  Higgins,  Patrick  McGoyern,  2  ;  James 
Keynolds,  1 ;  Manrice  Connolly,  2  ;  John  W.  Grant,  1 ; 
John  M.  Collett,  1  ;  Simon  Streit.  3 ;  Adelmer  G.  Xettle- 
ton,  2 ;  Lonis  D.  Bixby,  1  ;  Jeremiah  Denneby,  2 ; 
Theodore  A.  Tripp,  1  ;  Michael  Lanigan,  Michael  Farrell, 
2 ;  Louis  Waas,  4 ;  Peter  McKeon,  2 ;  James  E.  Doolittle, 
4;  Charles  M.  Meigs,  2;  Michael  F.  Donegan,  1 ;  Michael 
McDermott,  2 ;  William  H.  Tighe,  Frank  D.  Cook,  3  ; 
George  L.  Hyde,  John  T.  McGrath,  1  ;  James  Shamp 
John  Kelly,  John  Koche,  2 ;  Fennali  W.  Watrous,  1 . 
Isaac  Shields,  4: ;  Elhs  J.  Good,  3  ;  John  H.  Gilligan,  1  ; 
George  Marsliall,  -i ;  Kichard  T.  Moore,  1  ;  Albert  Gates, 
2 ;  John  A.  Dippold,  John  Stanford,  1 ;  Louis  J.  St.  Clair, 
George  Taylor,  1 ;  James  F.  Lonergan,  2. 

GRADE  B. 

Henry  S.  Jarrett,  «Thomas  J.  Dunn,  Owen  J.  Daley,  1. 

GRADE  c. 

Charles  O.  Bowers,  William  K.  Curren,  William  L. 
Williams,  1  ;  Bernard  J.  Keilly,  Charles  A.  Sessler,  2 ;  Ed- 
ward J.  Lewis,  4: ;  Jeremiah  McGrath,  1 ;  Dennis  W. 
Sheehan,  2. 


IMPOKTANT    rOLICE    PKOCEEDINGS    NARRATED.  153 

SI  I'ERNIMERARIES,  GRADE  D. 

Joliii  J.  Flyiiii,  o;  John  Allan,  1 ;  Alexander  Gibson,  Jr., 
4;  AVillis  J.  Wiser,  1 ;  John  Eagan,  4;  Michael  J.  O'Con- 
nor, Thomas  Powers,  Jr.,  1 ;  Michael  Doody,  4;  James  A. 
Caniield,  1 ;  Michael  J.  Coffey,  2 ;  Charles  A.  Ilooj^er,  4. 

DRiyERS. 

John  F.  Doran,  1 ;  Henry  M.  Poronto,  2 ;  Seaman  X. 
Smith,  1 ;  Ed\yard  F.  Lawlor,  2. 

SUPERNUMERARIES,  GRADE    E. ON    SUNDAY    DUTY. 

Hugh  McKeon,  William  J.  Welch,  1 ;  Edwin  C.  Biirn- 
liam,  3. 

Clerk,  Charles  T.  Candee. 

Snrgeon,  C.  Purdy  Lindsley,  M.  D. 

Electricians,  William  C.  Smith,  Austin  L.  W.  Kittredge. 

Janitor,  Richard  Coogan. 

Station  Janitresses,  Hannah  Carr,  Ann  J.  Mooney,  Lizzie 
Stephens. 

YETERAN  RESERYE. 

Sergeant,  William  K.  Schmidt ;  patrolmen,  Hugh 
Doherty,  Moses  Greenbaum.  Patrolman  retired,  George 
F.  Selleck. 

SUPERNUMERARIES,  NOT  ON  REGULAR  DUTY. 

Lyman  E.  Bradley,  Pichard  Coogan,  Charles  X.  Mack, 
Daniel  Doody,  Michael  Cooney,  Edgar  J.  Holton,  Wells 
C.  Allen,  Henry  J.  Hoffman,  Edward  A.  Lawton,  Cornel- 
ius J.  Eagan,  Henry  J.  Donnelly,  John  H.  Coonan,  Bart. 
Dailey,  Thomas  H.  Colwell,  Patrick  J.  Blake,  William  P. 
Dailey,  George  L.  Rowley,  Charles  F.  Putney,  William  G. 
Doherty,  James  P.  Ward,  Frederick  Kober,  Dan.  H.  Lins- 


154  IMPORTANT    rOLICE    PROCEEDINGS    NARRATED. 

lev,  Stephen  Eussell,  M.  J.  Haves,  Adolph  Klaiber,  John 
Keenan. 

Total  number  of  arrests  from  December  1,  1S90,  to  De- 
cember 1,  1891,-6,000. 

POLICE    STATIONS. 

Xo.  1,  police  building,  165  Court  street ;  Xo.  2,  551 
Grand  avenue  ;  Xo.  3,  116  Howard  avenue  ;  Xo.  4,  99 
Dixwell  avenue,  corner  of  Eaton  street. 


CHAPTEE  XIII. 

VARIOUS    BOARDS    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

Extendiiii":  From  the  Orgainzatiou  of  the  Present  System  in  18(51  to 
1892 — When  Appointed  and  When  Term  Expired— The  Governinir 
Body  of  the  Department— A  Roster  of  Faithfnl  Officials. 

QOMMISSIONERS  for  1861— H.  M.  Welcli,  president, 
ex  officio;  Commissioners,  elected  July  1st,  1861:  1 
year,  Atwater  Treat,  Rnfns  Blodgett ;  2  years,  Bernard 
Reilly,  Pliilo  Chatiield ;  3  years,  Willis  M.  Anthony,  Ed- 
ward Harrison ;  clerk,  Jonathan  W,  Pond ;  superinten- 
dent of  police,  H.  M,  Welch,  ex  offcio\  chief  of  j^olice, 
Jonathan  AY.  Pond ;  captain,  Wales  French ;  lieutenant, 
Owen  A.  Monson. 

For  1862— President,  H.  M.  Welch,  ex  officio;  Com- 
missioners :  Bernard  Reilly,  term  expires  second  Monday 
in  June,  1863 ;  Philo  Chatiield,  term  exj)ires  second  Mon- 
day in  June,  1863 ;  Willis  M.  Anthony,  term  expires  sec- 
ond Monday  in  June,  1861;  Edward  Harrison,  term 
expires  second  Monday  in  June,  1861;  Atwater  Treat, 
term  expires  second  Monday  in  June,  1865  ;  William  H. 
Bradley,  term  expires  second  Monday  in  June,  1865  ;  clerk, 
Jonathan  W.  Pond ;  superintendent,  H.  M.  Welch,  ex 
officio;  chief,  Jonathan  W.  Pond;  captain,  Owen  A.  Mon- 
son ;  lieutenant,  Tread  well  Smith. 


156  VARIOUS    BOARDS    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

For  1863 — President,  Morris  Tjler,  acting  mayor,  ex 
officio;  Commissioners  :  Willis  M.  Anthony,  term  expires 
second  Monday  in  June,  1S61;  Philo  Cliatlield,  term  ex- 
pires second  Monday  in  June,  1861;  Atwater  Treat,  term 
exj)ires  second  Monday  in  June,  1865;  William  H.  Brad- 
ley, term  expires  second  Monday  in  Jnne,  1865;  Henry  B. 
Harrison,  term  expires  second  Monday  in  June,  '  1866 ; 
Marcus  M.  Rounds,  term  expires  second  Monday  in  June, 
1866 ;  clerk,  Jonathan  W.  Pond ;  superintendent,  the 
mayor;  chief,  Jonathan  W;  Pond;  captain,  Owen  A.  Mon- 
son ;  lieutenant,  Treadwell  Smith. 

For  1861 — President,  Morris  Tyler,  ex  olffieto  ;  Commis- 
sioners: Edward  Treat,  Cyprian  Wilcox,  one  year,  to  first 
Monday  in  June,  1865;  Benjamin  F.  Mansfield,  Samuel  A. 
Smith,  two  years,  to  first  Monday  in  June,  1866 ;  Henry  S. 
Dawson,  Rufus  S.  Pickett,  three  years,  to  first  Monday  in 
June,  1867;  clerk,  Rufus  S.  Pickett;  superintendent,  the 
mayor,  ex  officio;  chief,  Elihu  Yale;  captain,  Lucius  Kent- 
field  ;  lieutenant,  Treadwell  Smith. 

For  1865 — President,  Erastus  C.  Scranton,  ex  officio ; 
Commissioners:  Benjamin  F.  Mansfield,  Samuel  A.  Smith, 
one  year,  to  first  Monday  in  June,  1866 ;  Henry  S.  Dawson, 
Rufus  S.  Pickett,  two  years,  to  first  Monday  in  June,  1867; 
Charles  Fabrique,  Charles  Peck,  three  years,  to  first  Mon- 
day in  June,  1868 ;  clerk,  Rufus  S.  Pickett ;  superintend- 
ent, the  mayor,  ex  officio;  chief,  Elihu  Yale;  captain, 
Lucius  Kentfield ;  lieutenant,  Treadwell  Smith. 

For  1866 — Commissioners:  Henry  S.  Dawson,  Rufus  S. 
Pickett,    term    expires    June,    1867;    Charles    Fabrique, 


VARIOUS    JiOARDS    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS.  157 

Cliarles  Peek,  term  exjnres  June,  18(38 ;  Iloadley  B.  Ives, 
Purniont  Bradley,  term  expires  June,  1869;  clerk,  Rufus 
S.  Pickett;  superintendent,  Liicien  AV.  Sperrv,  e,r  officio  '^ 
chief,  William  A.  Lincoln ;  captain,  Treadwell  Smith ; 
lientenant,  Francis  Smitli 

For  18*) 7 — President,  Lncien  W.  Sperrv,  major,  ex 
ofirio:  Commissioners:  Charles  Fabrique,  Charles  Peck, 
term  expires  first  Monday  in  June,  1868  ;  Hoadley  B.  Ives, 
AVilliam  H.  Bradley,  term  expires  first  Monday  in  June, 
18(39  ;  AVilliam  P.  Shelton,  Thomas  H.  Fulton,  term  expires 
first  Monday  in  June,  187() ;  clerk,  AYilliam  P.  Shelton ; 
supei-intendent,  Lucien  W.  Sperry,  ex  officio  •  chief,  Wil- 
liam A.  Lincoln  ;  captain, ;  lieutenant,  Francis  Smith. 

For  1868 — President,  Lucien  W.  Sperry,  mayor,  ex 
nffcio ;  Commissioners :  Hoadley  B.  Ives,  William  H. 
Bradley,  term  expires  first  Monday  in  June,  1869;  Thomas 
H.  Fulton,  Herrick  P.  Frost,  term  expires  first  Monday  in 
June,  1870;  Tilton  E.  Doolittle,  H.  W.  E.  Matthews,  term 
expires  first  Monday  in  June,  1871 ;  clerk,  William  H.  H. 
Blackmail ;  superintendent,  Lucien  W.  Sperry,  exoff'icio; 
chief,  William  A.  Lincoln ;  captain,  William  B.  Catliii ; 
lieutenant,  James  T.  Mullen. 

For  1869 — President,  Henry  G.  Lewis,  ex  cff'icio  ;  Com- 
missioners: William  P.  Shelton,  Henry  A.  Carrington, 
term  expires  June  2(),  1872  ;  John  Egan,.  Charles  Fabi-ique, 
term  expires  July  13,  1871.  Clerk,  Timothy  J.  Fox,  ex 
officio ;  superintendent,  Henry  G.  Lewis ;  chief,  William 
J.  Bo  wen ;  captain,  William  B.  Catlin ;  lieutenant,  James 
T.  Mullen. 


158  VARIOUS    BOARDS    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

For  1870,  1871 — President,  Henry  G.  Lewis,  ex  officio  ; 
Commissioners :  Cliairman,  William  R.  Slielton,  pro  tcm ; 
Henry  A.  Carrington,  William  W.  Morse,  George  W.  M. 
Reed;  clerk,  James  I.  Haves,  ex  officio ;   superintendent, 

Henrv  G.  Lewis,  mayor ;  chief, ;  captain,  William  M. 

Hyde ;  lieutenant,  Peter  Sheridan. 

For  1872 — President,  Henry  G.  Lewis,  ex-officio  ;  Com- 
missioners :  George  W.  M.  Reed,  William  W.  Morse,  term 
expires  July  13,  1873;  Dexter  R.  AYright,  John  Shannahan, 
term  expires  June  20,  1871;  clerk,  John  S.  Fowler,  ex 
officio;  chief,  Charles  W.  Allen;  captain,  Wilham  M. 
Hyde  ;  lieutenant,  Peter  Sheridan  ;  acting  lieutenant,  Ti-ead- 
well  Smith ;  roundsman,  James  P.  Brewer. 

For  1873 — President,  Henry  G.  LeAvis,  ex  officio ;  Com- 
missioners :  Dexter  R.  Wright,  John  Shannahan,  term  ex- 
pires June  20,  1871;  George  M.  Harmon,  Carl  G.  Engel, 
term  expires  July  13,  1875  ;  clerk,  John  S.  Fowler ;  chief, 
Charles  W.  Allen ;  captain,  William  M.  Hyde  ;  lieutenant, 
Peter  Sheridan  ;  first  roundsman,  James  P.  BrcAver ;  second 
roundsman,  Frederick  H.  Linsley ;  first  sergeant,  Treadwell 
Smith ;  second  sergeant,  George  F.  Selleck. 

For  1871 — Commissioners  :  President,  William  H.  Brad- 
ley ;  Samuel  E.  Merwin,  term  expires,  January  1,  1878; 
diaries  B.  Wooster,  Carlos  Smith,  term  expires  January  1, 
1877;  Patrick  Gallagher,  term  expires  January  1,  1876; 
clerk,  John  S.  Fowler ;  chief,  Charles  W.  Allen ;  captain, 
William  M.  Hyde  ;  lieutenant,  Peter  Sheridan ;  first  rounds- 
man, James  P.  Brewer ;  second  roundsman,  Frederick  H. 
Linsley ;  first  sergeant,  Treadwell  Smith ;  second  sergeant, 
Georo;e  F.  Selleck. 


VARIOUS    BOAKDS    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS.  159 

For  1875 — Commissioners  :  President,  William  II.  Brad- 
ley;  8amnel  E.  Merwiii,  Jr.,  term  expires  January  1,  1878; 
Charles  B.  Wooster,  Carlos  Smith,  term  expires  January  1, 
1877;  Patrick  Gallagher,  term  expires  January  1,  1879; 
clerk,  John  S.  Fowler ;  chief,  Charles  AV.  Allen ;  captain, 
William  M.  Hyde  ;  lieutenant,  Peter  Sheridan;  first  rounds- 
man, James  P.  Brewer ;  second  roundsman,  Frederick  H. 
Linsley ;  first  sergeant,  Treadwell  Smith ;  second  sergeant, 
George  F.  Selleck. 

For  1876 — Commissioners:  William  H.  Bradley,  presi- 
dent ;  Samuel  E.  Merwin,  Jr.,  term  expires  January,  1878  ; 
Charles  B.  Woostei-,  Carlos  Smith,  term  expires  January  1, 
1877 ;  Patrick  Gallagher,  term  expires  January  1,  1879 ; 
clerk,  John  S.  Fowler ;  chief,  Charles  W.  Allen ;  captain, 
William  M.  Hyde  ;  lieutenant,  Peter  Sheridan ;  first  rounds- 
man, James  P.  Brewer;  second  roundsman,  Frederick  H. 
Linsley;  first  sergeant,  Treadwell  Smith;  second  sergeant, 
George  F.  Selleck. 

For  1877 — Commissioners:  President,  William  H.  Brad- 
ley ;  Samuel  E.  Merwin,  Jr.  term  expires  January  1,  1878; 
Charles  B.  Wooster,  Carlos  Smith,  term  expires  January  1, 
1877;  Patrick  Gallagher,  term  exj^ires  January  1,  1879; 
clerk,  Seth  T.  Seeley ;  chief,  Charles  W.  Allen ;  captain 
William  M.  Hyde  ;  lieutenant,  Peter  Sheridan ;  first  ser- 
geant, Treadwell  Smith  ;  second  sergeant,  George  F.  Selleck. 

For  1878 — Commissioners:  President,  Carlos  Smith, 
term  exf)ires  February  1,  1880;  Patrick  Gallagher,  term  ex- 
pires February  1,  1879;  Charles  B.  Wooster,  term  expires 
Fel)ruary   1,    1880;    George  A.  Basserman,  Frederick  A. 


160  VARIOUS    BOARDS    OF   POLICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

Gilbert,  term  expires  February  1,  ISSl;  clerk,  Setli  T. 
Seeley;  chief,  Charles  W.  Allen;  captain,  William  M. 
Hyde ;  lieutenant,  Peter  Sheridan. 

For  1879 — Commissioners  :  President,  Carlos  Smith, 
term  expires  February  1,  1880 ;  Patrick  Gallagher,  term 
expires  February  1,1882;  Charles  B.  Wooster,  term  expires 
February  1,  1880;  George  A.  Basserman,  Frederick  A. 
Gilbert,  term  expires  February  1,  1881 ;  clerk,  Charles  T. 
Morse ;  chief,  Charles  AYebster ;  captain,  William  M.  Hyde  ; 
lieutenant,  Peter  Sheridan. 

For  1880  —  Commissioners:  President,  Frederick  A. 
Gilbert,  term  expires  February  1, 1881 ;  Patrick  Gallagher, 
term  expires  February  1,  1882 :  George  A.  Bassei-man, 
term  expires  February  1,  1881;  William  J.  Atwater, 
Frank  H.  Hooker,  term  expires  February  1,  1888;  clerk, 
Charles  T.  Morse ;  chief,  Charles  Webster ;  captain,  William 
M.  Hyde;  lieutenant,  Peter  Sheridan. 

For  1881 — Commissioners:  President,  Charles  F.  Boll- 
man,  George  M.  Harmon,  term  expires  iirst  Monday  of 
February,  1883  ;  William  R.  Catlin,  Frank  D.  Sloat,  term 
expires  first  Monday  in  February.  1882;  John  Killbride, 
Franklin  H.  Hart,  term  expires  first  Monday  in  February, 
1884;  clerk,  James  P.  Pigott;  chief,  Charles  Webster; 
captain,  William  M.  Hyde;  lieutenant,  Peter  Sheridan; 
sergeant,  James  AYrinn. 


Stephen  F.  McGann 
sergeant. 


1 

i 

i 

i 

'  ^^^^^^  ''^^■i^Mjf* 

k. 

John  McGrath, 
sergeant. 


CIIAPTEE  XI V^. 

ANNUAL    KOSTER    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

From  1882  to  1892— Men  Who  Held  the  Destinies  of  the  Department 
in  Their  Keeping — Names  of  Well  Known  Citizens — All  True  to 
the  Trust  Reposed  in  Them. 

120AKD  of  Police  Commissioners  for  1882:  President, 
John  B.  Robertson,  mayor,  ex  officio  ;  Chas.  F.  Boll- 
mann,  president,  George  M.  Harmon,  terms  expire  first 
Monday  of  February,  1883;  Franklin  H.  Hart,  ^John  Kill- 
bride,  terms  expire  first  Monday  of  February,  1884;  Wm. 
Catlin,  Frank  D.  Sloat,  terms  expire  first  Monday  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1885;  clerk,  James  G.  Pigott,  ex  officio^  chief, 
Charles  AVebster ;  captain,  William  M.  Hyde ;  lieutenant, 
Peter  Sheridan;  sergeant,  James  AVrinn. 

For  1883 — Pi-esident,  Henry  G.  Lewis,  mayor,  ex  officio ; 
Charles  F.  Bollmann,  president,  Charles  A.  Sheldon,  terms 
expire  first  Monday  of  February,  1886  ;  Franklin  H.  Hart, 
Lawrence  O'Brien,  terms  expire  first  Monday  of  February, 
1881 ;  "William  B.  Catlin,  Frank  D.  Sloat,  terms  expire  first 
Monday  of  February,  1885;  chief,  Charles  Webster;  cap- 
tains :  William  M.  Hyde,  Peter  Sheridan :  lieutenants : 
Tread  well    Smith,    William    O'Keefe ;    sergeants:    James 

*  Died    September  4,   1882,   and  Counciliiian    Lawrence  O'Brien  elected  to 
fill  the  vacancy. 


162  ANNUAL    ROSTER    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

Wrinn,  Lent  Bislioj),  AVilliain  K.  Schmidt ;  roundsmen : 
Albert  Bradley,  John  DriscoU. 

For  1884 — President,  Henry  G.  Lewis,  mayor,  e^c  off  tela  ; 
Frank  D.  Sloat,  president,  William  B.  Catlin,  terms  expire 
first  Monday  of  February,  1885 ;  Charles  A.  Sheldon,  Charles 
F.  Bollman,  terms  expire  first  Monday  of  February,  1886 ; 
Franklin  H.  Hart,  Patrick  Gallagher,  terms  expire  first 
Monday  of  February,  1887;  clerk,  James  P.  Pigott,  ex 
officio  /  chief,  Charles  Webster ;  captains:  William  M. 
Hyde,  Treadwell  Smith ;  lieutenants :  William  O'Keefe, 
James  Wrinn ;  sergeants :  Lent  Bishop,  William  K. 
Schmidt,  Albert  Bradley ;  roundsmen :  John  Driscoll, 
Wilham  E.  McBride. 

For  1885 — President,  George  F.  Holcoml),  mayor,  ex 
officio;  Frankhn  H.  Hart,  president,  Patrick  Gallagher, 
terms  expire  first  Monday  of  February,  1887;  Charles  L. 
Baldwin,  Samuel  Johnson,  terms  expire  first  Monday  of 
February,  1888;  Charles  A.  Sheldon,  -  Charles  F.  Boll- 
mann,  William  F.  Shannon,  terms  expire  first  Monday  of 
February,  1886;  clerk,  Timothy  J.  Crowley,  ex  officio ; 
chief,  Charles  F.  Bollmann ;  captains :  William  M.  Hyde, 
Treadwell  Smith ;  lieutenants :  William  O'Keefe,  James 
Wrinn;  sergeants:  Lent  Bishop,  William  K.  Schmidt, 
Albert  Bradley ;  roundsmen  :  John  Driscoll,  William  E. 
McBride;  detectives:  Philip  Peilly,  James  P.  Brewer; 
truant  officer,  James  Sullivan  ;  court  officer,  John  F.  Xet- 
tleton  ;  doormen  :  Kichard  Moore,  William  Luby. 

*  Elected  Chief  of  Police  in  July,  1885,  and  Resigned  as  Commissioner,  and 
William  F.  Shannon  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 


ANNUAL    R(>STP:K    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS.  108 

For  18S() — rresideiit,  George  F.  Holcoinb,  mayor,  c\c  ojfi- 
cio  ;  Franklin  11.  Hart,  president,  Patrick  Gallagher,  terms 
expire  first  Monday  of  February,  1887;  Charles  L.  Baldwin, 
JSamuel  Johnson,  terms  expire  first  Monday  of  February, 
18SS;  Herbert  E.  Benton,  William  F.  Shannon,  terms  ex- 
pire first  Monday  of  February,  1889 ;  clerk,  Charles  AY. 
Willet,  ex  officio ;  chief,  Charles  F.  Bollmann  ;  captains  : 
William  M.  H3xle,  Treadwell  Smith;  lieutenants:  William 
O'Keefe,  James  Wrinn ;  sergeants :  Lent  Bishop,  William 
K.  Schmidt,  Albert  Bradley ;  roundsmen  :  John  Driscoll, 
William  E.  McBride;  detectives:  Philip  Keilly,  James  P. 
Brewer ;  truant  officer,  James  Sullivan ;  court  officer,  John 
F.  Xettleton ;  doormen :  Pichard  Moore,  William  Luby. 

For  1887  —  President,  Samuel  A.  York,  mayor,  ex- 
officio  ^  Samuel  Johnson,  president,  term  expires  first  Mon- 
day of  February,  1888  ;  Franklin  H.  Hart,  Patrick  Galla- 
gher, terms  expire  first  Monday  of  February,  1890 ;  Charles 
L.  Baldwin,  term  expires  first  Monday  of  February,  1888 ; 
Herbert  E.  Benton,  William  F.  Shannon,  terms  expire  first 
Monday  of  February,  1889 ;  clerk,  Bernard  J.  Shanley, 
ex  officio;  chief,  Charles  F.  Bollmann;  captains:  Wm.  M. 
Hyde,  Treadwell  Smith  ;  lieutenants :  Wm.  O'Keefe,  James 
Wrinn ;  sergeants :  Lent  Bishop,  William  Iv.  Schmidt,  Al- 
bert Bradley,  John  Driscoll ;  roundsmen :  AVilliam  E.  Mc- 
Bride, James  Cook ;  detectives :  Philip  Eeilly,  James  P. 
Brewer ;  truant  officer,  James  Sullivan ;  court  officer,  John 
F.  Xettleton ;  doorman,  Pichard  Moore. 

For  1888  —  President,  Samuel  A.  York,  mayor,  ex- 
off'iclo ;  Herbert  E.  Benton,  president,  William  F.  Shan- 


164  ANNUAL    EOSTEK    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONEKS. 

nun,  terms  expire  first  Monday  of  February,  1889 ;  Frank- 
lin H.  Hart,  Patrick  Gallagher,  terms  expire  first  Monday 
of  February,  1890 ;  Charles  L.  Baldwin,  "^^Samuel  Johnson, 
terms  ex23ire  first  Monday  of  February,  1891 ;  clerk,  Ber- 
nard J.  Shanley,  ex  officio  ',  chief,  Charles  F.  Bollmann  ; 
captains:  William  M.  Hyde,  Treadwell  Smith;  lieutenants: 
William  O'Keefe,  James  Wrinn ;  sergeants:  Lent  Bishop, 
William  K.  Schmidt,  veteran  reserve,  Albert  Bradley,  John 
Driscoll;  roundsmen,  William  E.  McBride,  James  Cook; 
detectives :  Philip  Reilly,  James  P.  Brewer ;  truant  officer, 
James  Sullivan  ;  court  officer.  John  F.  Xettleton  ;  doorman, 
Bicliard  Moore;  patrolman,  Hugh  Doherty,  A^eteran  re- 
serve. 

For  1889 — President,  Henry  F.  Peck,  mayor,  ex  officio  ; 
Charles  L.  Baldwin,  president,  term  expires  first  Monday  of 
February,  1891 ;  Patrick  Gallagher,  Franklin  H.  Hart, 
terms  expire  first  Monday  of  February,  1890 ;  Frank  S. 
Andrew,  term  expires  first  Mouday  of  February,  1891  ; 
Herbert  E.  Benton,  John  Clancy,  terms  expire  fii'st  Monday 
of  February,  1892;  clerk,  Edward  Downes,  ex  officio; 
superintendent,  Charles  F.  Bollmann ;  captains :  William  M. 
Hyde,  Treadwell  Smith;  lieutenants:  William  O'lveefe, 
James  Wrinn ;  sergeants :  fLent  Bishop,  Albert  Bradley, 
John  Driscoll ;  detectives:  Philip  Reill}^  James  P.  Brewer; 
roundsmen  :  William  E.  McBride,  James  Cook ;  truant  offi- 
cer, James  Sullivan ;  court  officer,  John  F.  IS^ettleton  ;  door- 
man, Pichard  Moore. 


*  Deceased,  and  succeeded  by  Frank  S.  Andrew. 
t  Resigned  AprU  22,  1890. 


ANNUAL    ROSTKR    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS.  1G5 

For  1890 — Presitleiit,  Ileiirv  F.  Peck,  mayor,  ex  officio  ; 
Frank  S.  Andrew,  president,  Cliarles  L.  Baldwin,  terms  ex- 
pire tirst  Monday  of  February,  ISDI ;  Herbert  E.  Benton, 
John  Clancey,  terms  expire  first  Monday  of  Fel)ruar3',  1S92 ; 
Carlos  Smith,  John  IL  Dillon,  tei'ms  expii'e  tirst  Monday  of 
February,  1893  ;  clerk,  Edward  \)<d\\\\G^^  ex  officio  ;  super- 
intendent, Charles  F.  Bollmann;  captaius:  William  M.  Hyde, 
Treadwell  Smith;  lieutenants:  William  O'Keefe,  James 
Wriim  ;  sergeants:  Albert  Bradley,  John  Driscoll;  detec- 
tives, Philip  Peilly,  James  P.  Brewer  ;  roundsmen  :  William 
E.  McBride,  James  Cook;  truant  officer,  James  Sullivan; 
court  oiiicer,  John  F.  Nettleton  ;  doorman,  Richard  Moore  ; 
sergeant,  William  Iv.  Schmidt,  veteran  reserve  ;  patrolmen, 
Hugh  Doherty,  Moses  Greenbaum. 

For  1891 — President,  Joseph  B.  Sargent,  mayor,  ex 
officio;  Frank  S.  Andrew,  president,  term  expires  first 
Monday  of  February,  1894 ;  Hemy  E.  Benton,  John  Clan- 
cey, terms  expire  first  Monday  of  February,  1892;  Carlos 
Smith,  "Daniel  M.  Sheehan,  terms  expire  first  Monday  of 
February,  1893;' John  H.  Piatt,  term  expires  first  Monday 
of  February,  189-1 ;  Edward  Downes,  clerk,  ex-officio. 

The  composition  of  the  board  of  police  commissioners 
was  on  what  has  been  designated  the  non-partisan  plan. 
An  ecpial  number  of  commissioners  were  selected  from  both 
the  two  great  political  parties,  the  idea  of  those  who  favored 
the  plan  being  to  avoid  the  domination  of  one  party  over 
the  other  in  the  matter  of  choosing  policemen  or  dismissing 
them  from  service.     The  practical  efi^ect  of  the  non-partisan 

*  John  H.  DiUon  resigned  June  22.  1891. 


100  ANXUAL    ROSTER    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

scheme,  however,  was  to  greatly  obstruct  the  business  of  the 
department.  There  being  three  Democratic  and  three  Re- 
pubhcan  commissioners,  neither  party  could  elect  a  chief. 
By  a  charter  provision  the  mayor  had  no  vote  in  case  of  a 
tie,  when  ordinary  matters  were  being  acted  upon. 

The  chiefs  and  acting  chiefs,  dating  from  1801,  were: 
Jonathan  W.  Pond,  from  June  27,  1801,  to  July  10, 
1804;  Elihu  Yale,  from  July  17  to  October  10,  1805; 
George  M.  White,  from  October  11  to  September  1,  1800; 
William  A.  Lincoln,  September  1,  1800 — resigned  in  a  few 
months  ;  William  J.  Bowen,  also  resigned  in  a  few  months  ; 
William  D.  Catlin,  acting  chief,  continuing  in  office  till 
July  0,  1871;  William  M.  Hyde,  acting  chief  from  July  7, 
1871  to  December  14,  1872;  Charles  W.  Allen,  from  De- 
cember 15,  1872  to  February  19,  1879;  William  M.  Hyde, 
acting  chief,  February  19,  1879  to  Marcli  10,  1879  ;  Charles 
AVebster,  March  10,  1879,  to  January  1,  1885  ;  Wilham  M. 
Hyde,  acting  chief,  July  1,  1885  to  July  31,  1885;  Tread- 
well  Smith,  acting  chief  April  18,  1885  to  June  30, 1885  ; 
Charles  F.  Bollmann,  chief  from  July  13,  1885  to  October 
1,  1891 ;  Treadwell  Smith,  superintendent,  June  30,  1891. 
The  office  was  changed  from  chief  to  superintendent. 
May  8,  1889. 

MAYORS    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEN. 
(City  Incorporated  January  8,  1784.) 

Prior  to  1820,  the  mayor  was  elected  by  the  citizens, 
but  held  office  during  the  pleasure  of  the  general  assembly. 

Eoger  Sherman,  from  February  10,  1784  to  1793; 
Samuel  Bishop,    from   August    19,   1793   to  1803;   Elizur 


ANNUAL    ROSTER    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS.  167 

Goodricli.  from  Septenil)cr  1,  lS(i;5  to  182t^;  George  Hoacl- 
ley,  from  June  4,  I82i^  to  1826;  Simeon  Baldwin,  from 
June  6,  1826  to  1827;  William  Bristol,  from  June  5,  1827 
to  1828;  David  Daggett,  from  June  2,  1828  to  1829; 
Ealpli  I.  Ingersoll,  from  June  1,  1830  to  1831  ;  Dennis 
Kimberly,  from  June  7,  1831  to  1832 ;  Ebenezer  Seeley, 
from  June  5,  1832  to  1833;  Dennis  Kimberly,  from  June 
4,  1833;  Noyes  Darling,  from  June  10,  1833  to  1834; 
Henry  C.  Flagg,  from  June  3,  1834  to  1839;  Samuel  L. 
Hitchcock,  from  June  3,  1839  to  1842 ;  Philip  S.  Galpin, 
from  June  6,  1842  to  1846 ;  Henry  Peck,  from  June  1, 
1846  to  1850;  Aaron  N.  Skinner,  from  June  4,  1850  to 
1854;  Chauncey  Jerome,  from  June  5,  1854  to  1855;  Al- 
fred Blackman,  from  June  4,  1855  to  1856 ;  Philip  S.  Gal- 
pin, from  June  2,  1856  to  1860;  Harmanus  M.  Welch,  from 
June  4,  1860  to  1863;  Morris  Tyler,  from  June  2,  1863  to 
1865;  Erastus  C.  Scranton,  from  June  6,  1865  to  1866; 
Lucien  W.  Sperry,  from  June  5,  1866  to  1869;  William 
Fitch,  from  June  1,  1869  to  1870;  Henry  G.  Lewis,  from 
June  7,  1870  to  1877;  AYilliam  K.  Shelton,  January  1, 
1877  to  1879;  Hobart  B.  Bigelow,  from  January  1,  1879 
to  1881 ;  John  B.  Robertson,  from  January  1, 1881  to  1883  ; 
Henry  G.  Lewis,  from  January  1,  1883  to  1885  ;  George  F. 
Holcomb,  from  January  1,  1885  to  1887 ;  Samuel  A.  York, 
from  January  1,  1887  to  1889 ;  Henry  F.  Peck,  from  Jan- 
uary 1,  1889  to  1891;  Joseph  B.  Sargent,  from  January 
1,  1891  to  1892. 


CHAPTEK  XY. 

A  POLICE  PEXSION  LAW. 

A  Veteran  Eeserve — Pensions  After  Twenty  Years'  Continnous  Service 
Granted  to  Tliose  Permanently  Disabled  in  Actual  Duty — The 
Peserve  Fund— Other  New  Features  —  Benefit  to  AVidow  or  De- 
pendents. 

f^X  May  S,  1889,  the  State  Legislature  passed  an  amend- 
ment to  the  charter,  which,  among  other  things  gave 
the  department  a  long-wished-for  pension  fund  and  pension 
law.  The  provisions  of  said  amendment  which  relate  to  a 
veteran  reserve,  a  police  pension  and  benefit,  although,  per- 
haps, not  altogether  just  what  the  various  members  of  the 
force  had  hoped  for,  were  received  by  them  Avith  a  high  de- 
gree of  satisfaction  as  a  great  improvement  over  the  previ- 
ously existing  state  of  things.  These  provisions,  all  now  in 
force,  are  as  follows : 

Veteran  Ittserve.—^'  There  shall  be  an  honorary  grade, 
known  as  the  veteran  reserve,  to  which  the  board  of  police 
commissioners  may,  at  its  discretion,  transfer  any  member 
of  the  regular  force  who  shall,  through  age,  or  physical  dis- 
abilities incurred  in  the  discharge  of  perilous  duty,  or  in 
long  and  faithful  service,  become  permanently  disqualified 
for  the  more  active  duties  of  the  regular  grade.  The  pa}^ 
of  the  members  of  the  veteran  reserve  shall  be  regulated  in 


JOTHAM    H.    (>RR. 
SERGEANT. 


^!!*^ 


Bartholomew  Tiernax, 

SERCiKANT. 


A    POLICE    PENSION    LAW.  169 

accordance  Avitli  the  amount  of  duty  performed,  and  shall 
not  be  more  tlian  one-half  or  less  than  one-fourth  of  the  rate 
of  compensation  previously  received  by  said  memljers  while 
in  the  regular  grade.  By  the  affirmative  vote  of  at  least 
four  connnissioners  transfers  may  be  made  from  one  division 
or  grade  to  another  at  the  discretion  of  said  board. 

Pension  after  20  years'  cantinucnis  service. — '•  Said  board 
may  at  its  discretion,  by  the  affirmative  vote  of  at  least  five 
commissioners,  and  with  the  approval  of  the  Mayoi*,  as  a  re- 
ward for  conspicuously  meritorious  service,  permanently  re- 
tire from  duty  any  member  of  the  veteran  reserve  affter 
twenty  years  of  continuous  service  in  the  department,  npon 
the  certificate  of  the  surgeon  of  the  department,  or  of  a 
board  of  surgeons  to  be  designated  by  said  board  of  police 
commissioners,  showing  that  said  member  is  permanently 
disabled  physically  or  mentally,  so  as  to  be  unfit  for  any 
police  duty,  and  that  in  the  opinion  of  said  surgeon  or 
snrgeons,  said  disability  is  due  to  injury  received  or  ex- 
posure endured  in  the  performance  of  duty  in  said  depart- 
ment, and  such  member  so  retired  shall  be  entitled  to  re- 
ceive from  the  department  during  his  lifetime,  unless  said 
vote  is  annnlled  by  the  iinanimons  vote  of  said  commis- 
sioners, a  sum  not  exceeding  five  hundred  dollars  annually, 
said  sum  to  be  paid  in  monthly  installments." 

Pensions  to  those  jyermanently  disabled  in  actual  diity. — 
"  Said  board  of  police  commissioners  may,  by  tlie  affirmative 
vote  of  at  least  four  commissioners  permanently  retire  any 
member  of  the  supernumerary  or  regular  police  force  who, 
while   in   the   actual    performance  of  police  duty  and   by 


170  A    POLICE    PENSION    LAW. 

reason  of  the  performance  of  such  duty,  and  without  fault 
or  misconduct  on  his  part,  shall  have  become  permanently 
disabled,  physically  or  mentally,  so  as  to  be  entirely  unfitted 
to  perform  such  duty,  and  such  member  so  retired  shall  be 
entitled  to  receive  from  the  department,  during  his  lifetime, 
unless  said  vote  is  annulled  by  a  unanimous  vote  of  said 
commissioners,  an  annual  sum,  payable  monthly,  not  ex- 
ceeding one-half,  nor  less  than  one-fourth,  of  his  previous 
compensation  per  annum. 

''  Members  on  the  retired  list  shall  be  subject  to  the 
orders  of  said  board  of  police  commissioners,  and  may  be 
brought  before  said  board  for  trial  on  charges,  and  shall  be 
subject  to  the  same  penalties  as  members  in  active  service  ; 
provided,  that  no  member  on  the  retired  list  shall  Ije  re- 
moved except  for  sufficient  cause,  duly  shown  after  trial  be- 
fore said  board.  Said  board  of  police  commissioners  may, 
at  its  discretion,  order  any  member  on  the  retired  list  to  be 
re-examined  by  the  surgeon  of  the  department,  or  by  a 
board  of  surgeons  to  be  designated  by  said  board  of 
23olice  commissioners,  and  if  said  member  shall  be 
reported  capable  of  performing  duty,  said  board  of  police 
commissioners  may,  by  the  affirmative  vote  of  at  least  four 
commissioners,  restore  said  meml)er  to  either  the  regular 
or  veteran  reserve  force." 

Benefit  of  $2,000  to  andow  or  dependents, — "  Said  board 
of  police  commissioners  may,  by  the  affirmative  vote  of  at 
least  four  commissioners,  cause  the  sum  of  two  thousand 
dollars  to  be  paid  to  the  widow  of,  or  other  persons  de- 
pendent upon,  any  member  of  said  police  force  who  shall 


A    POLICE    PENSION    LAW.  lYl 

have  been  killed  wliile  in  the  actual  performance  of  duty, 
or  shall  liave  died  from  the  effects  of  any  injury  received 
while  in  the  actual  discharge  of  such  duty,  the  said  hoard 
to  have  absolute  discretion  in  the  designation  of  said  beneli- 
ciary  or  beneficiaries,  and  as  to  the  manner  of  the  payment 
of  said  benefit." 

The  lieserve  Fund. — "  The  fund,  from  which  all  pay- 
ments to  members  on  the  retired  list  and  to  henejiciaries  of 
deceased  memhers  shall  be  made  shall  be  known  as  '  Reserve 
Fund  of  the  Kew  Haven  Police  Department,'  and  shall  con- 
sist of: 

'*  1.  All  the  moneys  specially  devised  or  donated  for  the 
benefit  of  disabled  policemen,  and  all  the  moneys  donated 
the  department  on  account  of  service  rendered. 

"  2.  Five  per  centum  of  all  fees  collected  on  account  of 
licenses  issued  to  sell  spirituous  or  intoxicating  liquors 
within  the  limits  of  the  town  of  JSTew  Haven. 

"  3.  All  lost,  abandoned,  unclaimed  or  stolen  money,  in 
charge  of  the  board  of  police  commissioners  of  said  city, 
and  all  moneys  arising  from  the  sale  of  unclaimed,  aban- 
doned, lost  or  stolen  proj^erty,  in  charge  of  said  board  now 
made  available  for  the  purpose  by  the  statute  laws  of  the 
state. 

"•i.  All  rewards,  fees,  gifts,  testimonials,  and  emolu- 
ments that  may  be  presented  to  any  member  of  the  police 
force  on  account  of  special  services,  except  such  as  shall  be 
allowed  by  said  board  of  police  commissioners  to  be  retained 
by  said  member. 

"  Said  board  of  police  commissioners  shall  be  a  board 


172  A    POLICE    PEXSIOX    LAAV. 

of  trustees  of  said  reserve  fund,  and  the  treasurer  of  the  city 
of  Kew  Haven  sliall  be  the  treasurer  of  said  fund.  The 
president  of  said  board  of  police  commissioners  shall  be  the 
president  of  said  board  of  trustees,  and  draw  all  orders  upon 
said  fund,  which  shall  be  countersigned  by  the  superinten- 
dent of  police,  who  shall  act  as  the  secretary  of  said  board 
of  trustees,  and  shall  keep  a  record  of  the  proceedings  of 
said  board,  and  of  all  action  taken  by  it  Avitii  regard  to  said 
fund.  The  said  board  of  trustees  shall  have  general  charge 
of  said  reserve  fund,  and  may,  by  a  majority  vote,  direct 
the  treasurer  to  invest  any  portion  of  the  same  in  interest 
bearins:  bonds  of  the  United  States,  of  the  state  of  Connec- 
ticut,  or  of  any  town  or  city  thereof,  or  in  the  stock  of  any 
bank  in  the  city  of  JS'ew  Haven,  or  to  deposit  the  same  or 
any  portion  thereof  in  any  of  the  savings  banks  of  said 
city. 

"  The  said  board  of  trustees  shall  report  to  the  court  of 
common  council  in  the  month  of  October  in  each  year,  the 
condition  of  said  reserve  fund,  with  the  items  of  all  receipts 
and  disbursements  on  account  of  the  same. 

''  If  said  reserve  fund  shall  be  found  at  any  time  insuffi- 
cient to  meet  all  requirements  upon  it,  said  board  of  trustees 
shall  apply  to  the  court  of  common  council  for  an  appro- 
priation to  make  good  such  deficiency,  and  any  prospective 
deficiency  in  said  fund  may  be  provided  for  by  said  court  of 
common  council  in  its  annual  appropriation  to  the  police 
department." 

Other  new  features  contained  in  the  amendment.  The 
board  of  police  commissioners  are  given  "  entire  control  of 


A    POLICE    PEXSIOX    LAW.  173 

tlie  city  property  used  for  and  l)y  tlie  police  departinent.'- 
Tliej  are  also  empowered  to  increase  the  number  of  captains 
to  four  and  the  number  of  sergeants  to  eighteen.  The  title 
of  "  chief  ''  is  changed  into  "  superintendent.''  A  quorum 
for  the  transaction  of  business  is  fixed  to  consist  of  "  not  less 
than  four  commissioners,"  and  ''all  elections,  appointments, 
promotions,  reductions,  removals,  transfers  and  details  by 
the  board,  including  the  designation  of  members  of  the 
supernumerary  force  for  active  service,  shall  require  the  af- 
firmative votes  of  at  least  four  commissioners  to  become 
eifective."  Complaints  against  members  of  the  depart- 
ment need  only  be  heard  by  the  board  ''  when  the  com- 
plaint is  made  in  writing  and  when  it  shall  appear  that  it  is 
supported  by  evidence  other  than  that  of  the  complainant." 


CHAPTEE  XYI. 

BIOGEAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  POLICE  OFFICIALS. 

Tlie  men  -who  Govern  and  Control  the  Police  Department — Sketches 
of  Their  Official  Careers — All  Honorable  and  Trnstworthy — 
Eecords  That  the  Police  Department  is  Proud  of — Public  Officers 
of  Intelligence  and  Integrity. 

COMMISSIONER  F.  S.  Andrew  was  born  at  K'aiiga- 
tiick,  KoY.,  1811,  where  he  attended  public  school. 
At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  commenced  business  in  a  variety 
store.  Afterwards,  for  four  years,  he  was  bookkeeper  in  a 
carriage  manufactory  nntil  the  opening  of  the  Avar.  Then  for 
a  year  or  two  he  was  traveling  salesman,  clerk  and  school 
teacher  by  turns.  He  commenced  business  in  Xew  Haven 
as  pork  packer  and  provision  dealer  in  1868,  and  continued 
in  the  same  business,  adding  the  sale  of  western  dressed 
beef,  up  to  within  a  short  time  ago.  In  politics  Mr.  An- 
drew has  always  been  an  active  Democi-at,  for  several  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  board  of  selectmen,  and  for  two  or 
more  years  was  president  of  the  board.  While  he  was  a 
member  of  the  board  great  improvements  were  made  in  the 
management  of  town  affairs,  especially  at  the  almshouse; 
and  it  was  while  he  was  a  member  of  the  board  that  the 
female  ward  was  established  and  a  new  building  on  the  old 
town  farm  (head  of  Martin  street)  was  built,  so  that  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLK  E    OFFICIALS.  175 

same  could  be  used  exclusively  foi-  the  occupancy  of  the  fe- 
males that  were  in  charge  of  the  town. 

Also  while  a  member  of  the  board  the  subject  of  a  new 
town  farm  was  agitated,  and  it  was  largely  through  his 
negotiations  and  counsel  that  the  j^i'esent  Spring  Side  farm 
was  purchased. 

Mr.  Andrew  was  always  progressive  in  his  ideas,  and 
ever  ready  to  undertake  anything  that  bid  fair  to  be  a  bene- 
fit to  the  town  or  city  whenever  he  was  its  re|)reseiitative. 

In  ISSo  Mr.  Andrew  received  the  nomination  for  mayor 
by  the  Democratic  party  and  at  the  election  he  was  declared 
elected  and  received  the  certificate  of  his  election  from  the 
city  clerk,  but  owing  to  a  combination  of  circumstances  the 
matter  was  taken  into  the  courts  and  another  was  finally 
seated  in  the  place  that  Mr.  Andrew  and  his  many  friends 
always  felt  belonged  to  him. 

In  the  year  1888  Mr.  Andrew  was  unanimously  selected 
by  the  board  of  aldermen  as  police  commissioner  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  the  late  Police  Commissioner  Samuel 
Johnson.  In  the  year  1891  Mr.  Andrew  was  re-elected  as 
police  commissioner,  and  he  is  now  serving  out  the  unex- 
pired term. 

He  was  especially  interested  in  many  of  the  recent 
changes  made  in  the  city  charter,  whereby  the  retired  ofii- 
cers  should  be  paid  an  annual  sum  from  tlie  pension  fund 
during  the  remainder  of  their  lives. 

During  the  years  1890-'91  Mr.  Andrew  was  president 
of  the  police  board,  and  he  has  always  taken  an  active 
interest  in  the  police  department,  and  it  is  largely  through 


176  BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

his  efforts  and  co-operation  that  the  department  is  in  its 
jDresent  satisfactory  condition.  Although  Mr.  Andrew  is  a 
pronounced  partisan  and  always  lights  hard  for  his  party 
associates,  he  is  well  liked  by  his  Repubhcan  colleagues,  and 
respected  by  all  who  come  in  contact  with  him. 

CoMMissioxER  John  CLA^XEY,  Company  D,  1st  Connec- 
ticut cavalry,  came  from  Ireland  with  his  parents,  wlien  six 
months  old :  engaged  in  business  and  is  a  prosperous  mer- 
chant. He  was  with  Sheridan  in  Shenandoah  Talley,  and 
in  liis  raids  around  Richmond,  in  1861,  and  took  part  in  all 
the  engagements.  In  September,  two  weeks  before  Win- 
chester, he  took  part  in  tlie  capture  of  the  South  Carolina 
Regiment,  at  Berryville,  in  Shenandoah  Yalley. 

Commissioner  Francis  E.  Hunn  was  born  in  Rochester, 
IS".  Y.,  April  3d,  1819.  Received  a  comnon  school  educa- 
tion, and  at  the  age  of  15  went  into  his  father's  furniture 
store  to  work,  where  he  stayed  until  21  years  of  age,  when  he 
moved  to  Watertown,  X.  Y.,  and  went  into  the  furniture 
business  for  himself,  remaining  there  eight  years.  He  then 
came  to  jS'ew  Haven,  Conn.,  in  the  year  1879,  and  accepted  a 
position  in  the  furniture  house  of  Bowditch  ik:  Prudden,  as 
assistant  manager,  and,  in  1881,  the  concern  being  turned 
into  a  stock  comjDany,  he  was  elected  vice-president,  treas- 
urer and  manager.  He  served  a  term  in  the  city  council, 
and  was  elected  police  commissioner  in  January,  1892. 

Commissioner  J.  H.  Platt  was  born  in  Prospect,  Conn., 
December  1.  1812  ;  lived  there  until  the  age  of  eighteen, 
when  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  20th  regiment  Connecti- 
cut volunteers;  served  with  the  regiment  until  the  last  bat- 


BIOGRAPiriCAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS.  177 

tie  of  Bentonville,  X.  C,  Avlieu  lie  was  shot  through  the 
right  arm.  He  came  to  Xew  Haven  in  1862,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  was  appointed  police  commissioner  the 
tirst  Monday  in  February,  1891. 

CoM^EissioNEK  Daniel  M.  Sheehax  was  Ixtrn  in  Ire- 
land, and  came  to  Xew  Haven  when  six  nKjntlis  old,  and 
has  been  a  resident  of  the  city  ever  since.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  of  this  city  until  fourteen  years  of  age.  Soon 
after  he  served  his  time  to  the  plumbing  trade,  and  is  now 
carrying  on  a  business  of  plumbing,  steam  and  gas  litting  in 
this  city.  He  has  always  taken  a  lively  interest  in  politics.  He 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  city  council  at  the  age  of 
twenty-three,  and  served  two  years  in  that  branch.  He 
was  twice  elected  to  the  board  of  aldermen  from  the  Sev- 
enth ward,  but  resigned  while  serving  the  second  term  to 
fill  the  vacancy  on  the  j^olice  board  caused  by  the  resigna- 
tion of  Commissioner  John  H.  Dillon,  which  unexpired 
term  he  is  now  serving. 

Commissioner  Carlos  Smith  was  born  in  Xorthford, 
town  of  Xorth  Branford,  Conu. ;  removed  to  AVaterbury 
in  1862,  and  to  Xew  Haven  in  1868  ;  represented  the  old 
First  Ward  in  the  board  of  councilmen  one  term,  and  in 
the  board  of  aldermen  two  terms,  the  last  as  president  of 
the  board  ;  served  one  term  as  county  commissioner  from 
1872  to  1875  ;  was  elected  state  senator  from  this  district 
for  two  years  in  1878 ;  previously  served  two  terms  as 
police  commissioner,  from  1873  to  1879  ;  the  last  year  was 
president  of  the  board ;  was  again  elected  in  January, 
1890,  for  three  years,  and  is  now  president   of  the  board. 


178  BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

He  lias  always  been  a  rej^ublican.  For  years  he  has  been 
engaged  in  manufacturing. 

SuPERiXTEXDENT  Teeadwell  S:s[ith  was  born  ]S^ovem- 
ber  5,  1830,  at  Hempstead,  L.  I. ;  his  official  record  is  as 
follows:  August  26,  1861,  appointed  patrolman;  Septem- 
ber 8,  1862,  promoted  lieutenant;  July  11,  1861,  again 
appointed  lieutenant;  September  15,  1866,  promoted  cap- 
tain; February  6,  1S6T,  allowed  to  accept  $250  from  Adams 
Express  Company  for  arrest  of  express  robbers ;  July  8, 
1868,  resignation  accepted;  March  15,  1871,  appointed 
patrolman;  September  30,  18T1,  promoted  1st  sergeant; 
May  2,  1882,  made  roundsman;  December  11,  1882,  j)ro- 
moted  lieutenant ;  January  1,  1881,  promoted  captain ; 
April  18,  1885,  made  acting  chief  during  sickness  of  Acting 
Chief  Hyde,  to  June  30,  1885  ;  June  30,  1891,  promoted 
superintendent,  and  entered  on  duty  as  such  October  1, 
1891. 

Naturally  Superintendent  Smith's  long  connection  with 
the  department  has  furnished  a  liberal  allowance  of  inter- 
esting experiences,  of  which  the  following  story  may  be 
taken  as  a  sample : 

On  a  Saturday  night,  January  6,  1866,  the  famous  ex- 
press "Big  Owl"  robbery  took  place.  The  robbers  got  into 
the  train  at  the  Grand  Central  depot,  Xew  York.  When 
word  of  the  robbery  reached  the  police  the  present  super- 
intendent was  a  lieutenant  and  acting  captain.  He  was 
relieved  at  1  A.  M.,  and  went  down  to  the  dejDot,  and  with 
Washington  Webb,  their  superintendent,  went  into  the  car, 
and  found  three  bags  of  j)ennies  open.     There  were  four 


inOGRAnilCAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS.  179 

bags ;  the  other,  which  contained  gokl,  was  stolen.  This 
bag  was  thrown  off  at  Cos  Col)  bi-idge.  The  robbers  in- 
tended stopping  the  train,  bnt  had  failed,  and  had  tools  for 
any  emergency.  "When  the  train  stopped  at  Cos  Cob  they 
got  off.  When  the  superintendent  gut  to  the  depot  and 
met  AVel)l)  they  went  into  the  car  and  looked  it  over.  The 
safe  was  l)roken  open  with  sledge  hammers.  Superintend- 
ent Smith  went  to  Charles  Bradley's  and  borrowed  a  coat 
to  put  over  his  clothes,  having  cut  off  side  stripes,  etc.,  and 
went  by  train  back  at  2  A.  M.,  with  Webb's  son  Charles,  to 
Bridgeport,  and  notified  Suj^erintendent  Spooner,  the  Adams 
express  agent  there.  Mr.  Webb  returned  to  New  Haven,  and 
the  superintendent  was  on  the  j^oint  of  returning  also,  when 
he  changed  his  mind,  and  asked  the  conductor  and  brake- 
man  to  keep  a  lookout.  When  they  reached  South  Kor- 
walk  there  were  two  parties  talking  together.  He  l^ecame 
convinced  they  were  the  robbers.  One  of  them  (Maguire) 
sat  at  the  forward  end  of  the  car,  the  second  seat  from  the 
toilet  closet,  Avhere  he  went  in ;  the  other  (Kenyon)  took  the 
opposite  side,  at  the  rear.  This  fact  looked  suspicious. 
When  the  first  jiamed  man  came  out  of  the  closet  tlie  con- 
ductor asked  him  for  his  fare  before  he  took  his  seat.  He 
handed  him  a  $5  bill  without  looking  up ;  neither  did  he 
look  up  when  receiving  his  change.  The  second  party  had 
a  muliier  round  his  face,  close  up  to  his  nose,  with  hair 
curled  under.  After  a  little  the  superintendent  went  back 
to  the  baggage  car  with  Mr.  Spooner,  who  wanted  to  see 
the  men.  He  instructed  the  conductor  to  walk  first  and 
place  his  hand  on  the  back  of  the  seat  where  they  sat.     The 


180  BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

superintendent  went  back  to  the  baggage  car  and  changed 
his  hat  and  coat  with  the  conductor  so  as  to  shadow  them. 
When  the  train  got  up  to  about  150th  street  it  slowed  up, 
and  the  suspects  got  off  witliout  the  knowledge  of  the  offi- 
cials. This  was  not  discovered  until  the  train  got  down  to 
the  tunnel,  when  the  conductor  reported  that  they  had  left. 
Superintendent  Smith  thought  his  only  chance  was  to  try 
Third  avenue.  He  went  over  on  the  corner  of  Third 
avenue  and  Forty-second  street,  and  the  third  horse  car  that 
came  down  the  avenue  had  the  men  on  board.  He  took  that 
car ;  thei'e  was  a  small  peep-liole  in  the  door  tlirough  which 
he  watched  them.  Maguire  had  on  black  kid  gloves ;  he 
rolled  the  gloves  down  off  his  fingers  and  kept  pointing  to 
the  back  of  his  hand.  Wlien  they  got  to  Thirteenth  street 
they  got  off.  Superintendent  Smith  liaving  to  keep  in  close 
to  the  back  board  so  as  to  let  them  pass.  Tliey  went  over 
Tiiirteentli  street  toward  Fourtli  avenue,  on  the  left  hand 
side.  When  the  car  got  to  the  corner  he  got  off  and  took 
the  right  hand  side  of  the  street ;  they  going  on  a  dead  run, 
which  they  kept  up  until  they  passed  Fourth  avenue,  wlien 
they  stopped  running  for  about  one  and  one-half  Ijlocks, 
and  then  continued  until  they  got  to  Horatio  street. 

When  turning  the  corner  they  went  out  of  sight  for  a 
minute  or  two,  but  when  their  pursuer  turned  the  corner  he 
again  caught  sight  of  theuL  They  went  into  a  brick  house? 
throuo^h  an  archwav.  He  staved  outside  leisurelv,  takino^ 
the  number,  78,  and  waited  until  he  saw  a  light  struck  in 
the  third  story.  He  made  up  his  mind  that  was  their  room, 
and  started  for  headquarters,  not  knowing  at  the  time  that 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OE    POLICE    OFEICIALS.  181 

Piiikei'tons  did  Adams  Express  Co.'s  work.  AVlieii  lie  o'cjt  to 
lieadquarters  lie  saw  the  sergeant  on  duty  and  asked  if  there 
had  been  a  robbery  reported;  lie  said  no,  and  the  snperin- 
tendent  stepped  out.  He  then  went  back  to  Twentj'-sev- 
enth  street  to  see  if  Spooner  had  any  word,  where  he  found 
a  message  to  go  to  the  Fifth  Avenue  hotel.  He  sent  a  card 
u]->  to  Spooner's  room,  and  told  him  what  he  had  discovered. 
The  superintendent  next  went  for  A\^arne]',  Pinkerton's  head 
man  in  Xew  York,  and  retnrned  with  two  detectives. 
AVarner  and  Spooner  wanted  the  superintendent  to  go  to  78 
Horatio  street  and  show  them  the  house.  He  went  ahead, 
Warner  and  Spooner  next,  and  the  two  detectives  followincr 
close.  When  they  reached  the  house  he  swung  his  hand 
and  passed  on.  All  the  train  hands  and  the  superintendent 
were  called  into  court  that  Sunday  evening  for  investio:a- 
tion. 

There  was  a  trunk  left  at  Bridgeport,  checked  for 
Twenty-seventh  Street,  ^N'ew  York,  and  when  it  got  there 
it  was  checked  to  Worcester,  Mass.  This  looked  odd,  and 
Spooner  asked  the  superintendent  to  look  after  the  trunk. 
When  the  train  came  up  to  Xew  Haven  that  same  Sunday 
night  the  conductor  told  the  suj^erintendent  the  same  two 
men  were  on  the  train,  and  got  out  at  Stamford.  He  went 
to  Stamford,  staying  for  the  night.  They  took  sej^arate 
hotels.  On  Monday  morning  Maguire  slipped  back  to  JSTew 
York,  and  Kenyon  came  on  to  Xorwalk,  and  went  to  Jo- 
siali  Trestrum's,  an  old  shoemaker.  There  he  met  a  cousin 
of  Tresti'um.  They  were  together  during  the  day  until 
4  P.  M.  ;  then  they  hired  a  team  and  went  to   Cos  Cob, 


182  BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

o'ettino^  the  staff  thev  liad  stolen,  and  took  it  to  Trestrum's 
house.  On  Monday  niglit  they  sorted  it.  On  Tuesday 
morning  they  got  old  Trestrum  to  take  it  down  on  his  hand- 
sled  to  the  depot.  He  took  it  to  Xew  York.  Instead  of 
taking  it  to  IS  Horatio  Street,  he  took  it  to  100  Division 
Street,  where  his  cousin  lived.  The  trunk  came  on  to  ]S^ew 
Haven,  and  was  opened  and  found  full  of  furs.  Xext  morn- 
ino:  it  was  sent  to  Worcester,  but  as  it  had  no  connection 
w4th  the  robbery  it  was  dropped  and  not  looked  after. 

On  Tuesday  night  AVarner  came  from  Xew  York  to 
South  Xorwalk  and  arrested  Kenyon  and  Tresti-um  just  as 
they  were  getting  ready  to  leave.  Xext  morning  he  tele- 
graphed Superintendent  Smith  to  come  to  Bridgeport  to 
identify  Kenyon.  He  turned  out  to  be  the  man.  Warner 
followed  Maguire  to  San  Francisco,  and  from  there  to 
Canada,  where  he  came  up  with  him.  One  afternoon  tliere 
was  something  going  on  across  the  river.  Maguire  went 
over,  Warner  followed  and  nailed  him  in  Elmira,  in  Xew 
York  State.  On  the  way  doAvn  to  Bridgeport  he  told  War- 
ner if  he  Avould  promise  not  to  take  the  witness  stand 
against  him  he  would  give  him  some  points  which  would 
help  him.  Warner  was  satisfied  he  could  identify  him,  so 
made  the  promise,  depending  on  Superintendent  Smith  for 
the  rest.  Finally  Superintendent  Smith  was  called  to 
Bridgeport  to  identify  Maguire.  The  jailer  went  inside 
with  him,  and  when  about  lialf  way  down  tlie  coi'ridor 
Superintendent  Smith  said  "  Here's  the  man,"  pointing  at 
Maguire,  who  said,  '*  What  do  you  mean  ?  *'  The  Super- 
intendent  replied    '•  You're    the   man  I  followed  in  Xew 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS.  183 

York  Oil  tlie  Htli  of  eTanuarv."  Maguire  said  ''  You  never 
were  more  mistaken  in  your  life  ;  you  never  saw  me  be- 
fore." 

The  infornuition  Maguire  gave  AVarner  led  liim  to  place 
detectives  in  boarding  houses,  etc.,  where  other  members 
of  the  gang  lived.  There  were  eight  of  them  ;  seven 
were  caught  and  convicted  and  one  escaped. 

AVhen  trial  came  on  at  Danbnry  Judge  Stewart,  counsel 
for  the  prisoners,  objected  to  the  suj^erintendent's  testimony, 
but  that  was  overruled  l)v  the  conrt.  The  jury  disagreed, 
and  on  the  second  trial  Kenyon  turned  State's  evidence. 
He  was  let  go  after  the  triaL  Jas.  Grady,  one  of  the 
prisoners,  was  a  head-brakeman  on  the  train  ;  it  was  he  who 
got  Kenyon  to  do  the  job.  When  the  train  was  at  Forty- 
second  Street  they  broke  the  lock,  got  into  the  car  and  had 
a  new  lock  placed  into  the  hasp. 

They  were  convicted,  as  before  stated,  and  got  State's 
prison. 

The  amount  stolen  was  in  the  neighborhood  of 
§555,000,  and  all  was  recovered  excepting  about   $15,000. 

The  case  cost  about  §60,000  to  prosecute,  and  occupied 
4:  months. 

Superintendent  Smith  received  great  credit  for  the  part 
he  played  in  their  capture  and  conviction,  and  also  received 
a  substantial  gift  in  the  shape  of  a  fat  roll  of  greenbacks 
from  the  company. 

Captaix  James  P.  Brewer  was  born  June  11,  1836,  in 
England ;  March  2,  1867,  appointed  snpernumerary  ;  Xov. 
4,  1868,  appointed  patrolman  for  three  years,  from  June  1, 


1S4  BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

1868  ;  June  19, 1871,  re-appointed  patrolman;  July  1,  1873, 
promoted  roundsman ;  assigned  in  1875  to  detective  duty; 
March  4,  1891,  promoted  sergeant;  June  30,  1891,  pro- 
moted captain  and  entered  on  duty  as  sucli,  Sept.  1,  1891. 

Captaix  AYilliam  M.  Hyde  was  born  November  6, 
1826,  in  Xew  Haven,  Conn.;  Xov.  2,  1861,  appointed  pa- 
trolman ;  July  14,  1861:,  reappointed  patrolman ;  July  8, 
1867,  reap23ointed  23atrolman;  Kov.  l-l,  1870,  reappointed 
patrolman;  July  7,  1871,  promoted  captain;  acting  chief 
from  July  7,  1871,  to  Dec.  14,  1872;  acting  chief  from 
Feb.  7,  1877,  to  March  13,  1877;  acting  chief  from  Feb. 
19,  1879,  to  March  10, 1879;  acting  chief  from  Jan.  1, 1885, 
to  July  31,  1885;  November  2,  1886,  presented  by  the 
board  with  a  complimentary  resolution  congratulating  him 
on  his  twenty-fifth  police  anniversary. 

Captaix  William  O'Keefe  was  born  May  22,  1839,  in 
Ireland;  Dec.  31,  1872,  appointed  patrolman;  Oct.  4, 
1881,  appointed  roundsman  ;  May  2,  1882,  again  appointed 
roundsman  ;  Dec.  11, 1882,  promoted  lieutenant  at  precinct ; 
Xov.  12,  1887,  promoted  1st  lieutenant  at  precinct ;  June 
30,  1891,  promoted  captain  and  entered  on  duty  as  such 
Sept.  1,  1891.  He  came  to  this  country  at  the  age  of  12 
yeai's,  and  attended  a  i^ublic  school  in  this  city.  Later  he 
learned  the  trade  of  carriage  painting,  and  was  an  ajDprentice 
when  the  war  broke  out.  He  enlisted  in  Company  B,  9th 
Connecticut  volunteers,  as  private ;  rose  through  all  the 
grades  of  non-commissioned  officers  and  was  promoted  lieu- 
tenant at  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  February.  1863.  for  meritori- 
ous conduct.     He  receiv^ed  an  honorable  discharofc  at  ex- 


SaMT'EL    J.    WOODKUFF 
SlOHCiKAXT. 


Henry  D.  Cowles, 
sergeant  (detective), 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS.  185 

piration  of  term  of  service  Xov.,  1864.  Became  a  member 
of  the  Fenian  Brotlierliood  in  1865,  and  went  to  Ireland  in 
response  to  a  call  from  Col.  O'Maliony,  the  Head  Center,  for 
volunteers,  particuliarly  those  who  liad  seen  service  in  the 
field.  This  was  the  opportunity  for  which  he  had  yearned, 
and  imagined  all  his  dreams  about  to  be  realized,  (a  chance 
to  fight  for  his  native  land  being  the  dearest  wish  of 
his  heart)  he  jumped  at  the  opportunity.  He  went  to  Ire- 
land Sept., '1865,  but  was  sadly  disappointed  at  the  prepara- 
ations  for  a  successful  ''rising."  He  came  back  disheartened 
and  went  to  work  at  his  trade.  He  was  elected  registrar  of 
voters,  1872. 

The  first  prisoner  of  the  army,  Department  of  the  Gulf, 
was  captured  by  Capt.  O'Keefe. 

Captain  James  Wrinn  was  born  in  Ireland,  November 
27,  1836.  He  left  his  native  land  and  came  to  Xew  Haven 
April  2,  1848.  For  a  time  he  did  house  painting  at  Nor- 
wich and  elsewhere.  But  house  painting  was  not  attractive 
to  him,  and  he  cast  an  eye  at  several  occupations,  and  finally 
decided  to  become  a  member  of  the  Xew  Haven  police 
force.  He  was  appointed  a  supernumerary  on  Jan.  2, 1867; 
four  months  later  he  became  a  regular  patrolman.  He  sig- 
nalized himself  November  30,  1869,  by  capturing  a  brace 
of  burglars — George  Clark  and  Frank  Franklin — upon  the 
roof  of  Judge  Betz's  mansion.  Ofiicer  AYrinn  saw  a  light 
in  the  mansion,  and  suspecting  something  wrong,  he  listened 
and  heard  the  jingle  of  silverware.  With  other  officers  he 
rushed  into  the  house.  The  burglars  fled  to  the  roof,  where 
they  were  captured  at  the  pistol  point.     The  two  criminals 


186         BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

were  sent  to  Wethersfield  for  tive  years.  The  followincr 
April,  as  a  svrorn  deputy  sheriii  for  the  event,  he  was  the 
practical  leader  of  the  crowd  of  authorities  that  surrounded 
Charles  Island,  near  Milford.  and  captured  two  prize  light- 
ers in  tlie  ring,  and  a  host  of  spectators  that  had  come  from 
Xew  York  and  other  cities  to  see  the  hare  knuckle  battle. 
He  was  detailed  in  July,  1873,  as  superintendent  of  licensed 
public  vehicles.  It  is  not  positively  known  whether  the 
police  commissioners  believed  liim  a  saint,  but.  any  Avay.  on 
All  Saints'  Day,  1881,  they  made  him  a  sergeant,  and  de- 
tailed him  as  military  instructor  of  the  force.  He  received, 
as  a  Xew  Year's  gift,  in  1884.  a  promotion  to  the  police 
lieutenantcy,  and  on  June  30,  1891,  was  raised  to  the  rank 
of  captain.  The  next  day  he  was  appointed  to  the  most  re- 
sponsible position  of  his  rank  in  the  city — to  the  command 
of  police  headquarters. 

Captain  Wrinn's  police  service  has  been  full  of  zeal  and 
bravery.  For  years  he  was  in  old  Grand  street,  when  an 
arrest  meant  a  terrific  fight  every  time,  and  the  friends  of 
the  prisoner  fiocked  to  help  him  in  his  encounter  with  the 
officer.  But  (Jfficer  Wrinn  never  quailed:  he  always  held 
to  his  man  through  the  tight  and  brought  him  conquei-ed 
and  crestfallen  to  the  lockup.  Captain  Wrinn's  badge  and 
wreath  and  white  tassels  are  the  merited  symbols  of  his 
capital  police  service  throughout  a  quarter  of  a  centmw. 

SEROEA:>fT  Fredeeick  H.  Bissell  was  born  in  Germany, 
Aug.  10,  1840,  and  came  to  this  country  when  about  thir- 
teen years  of  age.  and  learned  the  trade  of  carriage  trimmer. 
He  joined  the  police  department,  April   22,  1873.     He  has 


HTOGKAI'JIK'AL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS.  187 

been  in  several  dangerous  encounters  with  desperadoes, 
while  attempting  to  arrest  them,  and  l)ears  upun  his  face 
and  body  the  marks  of  these  ])loody  encounters.  Among 
his  j)risoners  were  the  notorious  burglar  "Murty''  Savage, 
and  Charles  Hawkins,  horse  tliief.  Sergeant  Bissell  has 
received  honorable  mention  l)y  the  board  for  bravery  and 
efhciency.  His  record  for  important  arrests  and  faithful 
performance  of  duty  is  second  to  none. 

An  Italian  known  by  the  name  of  George,  Avho  kept  a 
peanut  stand  on  the  corner  of  Congress  avenue  and  Meadow 
street,  stabbeil  a  man  after  relieving  him  of  his  pocketbook. 
George  afterward  married  his  victim's  sister,  and  thought 
by  that  the  whole  affair  was  settled,  but  the  State  required 
liim,  and  Sergeant  Bissell  cleverly  arrested  him.  He  got 
four  years  in  state's  prison  for  the  offense. 

Robert  Gwinnell,  who  with  a  partner  took  a  drunken 
man  from  the  ''  Log  Cabin.*'  under  the  pretense  of  bringing 
him  home,  brought  him  up  the  Boulevard  and  robbed  him. 
Sergeant  Bissell  arrested  Gwdnnell,  who  got  four  years  in 
state's  prison.  He  arrested  James  Smith,  alias  *'Chip'' 
Smith,  who  was  hanged  for  killing  Chief  Hayes,  of  An- 
sonia. 

He  was  promoted  sergeant  March  9,  1891. 

Seegeant  Patrick  Bergix,  born  Mar.  27,  ISJrM,  in  Ire- 
land; July  7,  1871,  made  supernumerary;  July  21,  1873, 
appointed  patrolman;  Mar.  9,  1891,  promoted  sergeant. 

Sergeant  Albert  Bradley  was  born  October  2d, 
1837,  in  the  town  of  East  Haven,  on  what  was  known  as 
the  Old  Lines'  Place,  and  follow^ed  the  occupation  of  boat- 


188         BIOGKAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

man  until  the  late  war.  when  he  enlisted  in  the  2Ttli  Conn. 
Yols.,  for  nine  months  ;  he  was  in  several  battles  during 
that  time ;  on  his  return  he  worked  for  the  Adams  Express 
Company  for  a  while,  and  moved  to  New  Haven,  occupy- 
ing the  only  house  in  Haven  street  at  that  time.  Through 
the  kindness  of  some  friends  he  secured  a  position  on  the 
police  force ;  he  was  appointed  patrolman  March  7,  18T3  ; 
promoted  to  roundsman  December  11,  1882  ;  promoted  to 
3d  sergeant  January  1st,  1881  ;  promoted  again  January 
1st,  1887. 

Sergeaxt  Henry  M.  Ceockee,  was  born  in  1811,  on  a 
farm  in  Madison  county,  X.  Y.  For  twenty  years  he  led  a 
life  without  incident  ^nore  remarkable  than  a  husking  bee 
at  harvest  moon.  In  1861  he  enlisted  at  Binghamton  in 
company  D,  27tli  X.  Y.  volunteers.  Major  General  Slo- 
cum  Avas  then  colonel  of  the  regiment.  Crocker  fought  two 
years  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  served  two  more  as 
a  sergeant  in  the  quartermaster's  department.  In  1862, 
when  stationed  at  midnight  as  a  sentry  in  a  meadow  skirted 
by  woodland,  at  West  Point,  Ya.,  he  heard  the  suspicious 
crackle  of  a  twig  in  the  undergrowth  of  the  wood.  He 
took  a  hasty  glance  and  saw  a  dark  form  creeping  toward 
him  through  the  shadow  of  the  forest.  The  form  suddenly 
levelled  a  pistol,  but  too  late ;  the  sentry's  gun  flashed  first, 
and  the  crouching  form  shrieked  and  dropped  with  a  heavy 
groan.  Crocker  rushed  upon  his  foe  and  wrested  the  pistol 
from  the  clutching  death-grip.  The  rebel  was  a  sharp- 
shooting  scout,  named  William  Hartley,  a  graduate  of  Yale, 
a  resident  of  Himtsville,  Alabama,  and  a  member  of  com- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS.  189 

pany  I.  4tli  Alabama  regiment.  The  pistol  bore,  and  still 
bears,  all  this  information  on  the  barrel.  Crocker  has  the 
pistol  at  his  house. 

In  1S65  he  was  one  of  the  twelve  sergeant  pall-bearers 
of  the  body  of  President  Lincoln. 

The  year  after  the  war  Crocker  came  to  Xew  Haven. 
On  June  8,  1875,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  police 
force.  A  fcAv.  years  later  he  captured  the  notorious  bur- 
glar Charley  Eoss,  laden  with  spoils,  about  two  o'clock  in 
the  morning,  skulking  out  the  rear  door  of  Hemingway 
Smith's  cigar  store  at  Custom  House  square.  Patrolman 
Crocker's  signal  vigilance  and  efficiency  promoted  him  to 
the  rank  of  sergeant  on  March  -1,  1891. 

SeecxEant  James  Cook,  Born  Aug.  22,  1840,  in  Derby, 
Conn. ;  Xov.  30,  1870,  appointed  patrolman;  March  1, 1887, 
promoted  2d  roundsman  at  precinct;  March  -1,  1891,  pro- 
moted sergeant. 

Sergeant  Jeremiah  Dexnahy  was  born  March  28, 
1851,  in  Ireland;  Oct.  31,  1882,  made  supernumerary ;  Jan. 
2,  188-1,  appointed  patrolman ;  Dec.  27,  1891,  detailed  as 
detective  temporarily  by  the  superintendent;  May  31,  1892, 
promoted  sergeant. 

Sergeant  John  Driscoll  was  born  in  Ireland,  Oct.  22, 
1842;  June  19,  1871,  appointed  patrolman;  Dec.  11,  1882, 
promoted  2d  roundsman ;  Oct.  31,  1882,  honorably  men- 
tioned for  efficiency;  Jan.  1,  1884,  promoted  to  1st  rounds- 
man; June  29,  1886,  honorably  mentioned  for  meritorious 
service;  March  1,  1887,  promoted  sergeant. 


190  BIOGKAPUICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

Sergeant  Driscoll  lias  made  a  long  and  strong  recoi-d  by 
surprising  and  closing  faro,  roulette  and  fantan  dens,  and 
scarlet  houses ;  catching  burglars  of  the  most  desperate  sort 
with  their  spoils,  and  quelling  and  arresting  tierce  fight- 
ers when  the  East  side  was  at  its  reddest,  and  had  the  hardi- 
iiood  to  think  itself  nnconqueral)ly  tough,  and  when  an  offi- 
cer, without  the  present  shelter  and  speed  of  a  patrol  wagon, 
had  to  light  the  prisoner  and  the  crowd  all  the  way  to  the 
lockup.  His  methods  of  capture  were  always  expedient  and 
overwhelming.  In  1ST5  the  Springfield  hotel  stood  at  the 
(•0]*ner  of  Center  and  Orange  streets.  Patrolman  Driscoll 
suspected  the  character  of  the  house.  One  night  a  country- 
man, looking  like  a  AVest  Haven  wood-chopper,  in  brown 
denham  over-all  stuff  and  smoking  a  clay  pipe,  entered  the 
'•hotel''  and  showed  a  fat  roll  of  bills  that  he  intended  to 
spend.  He  was  very  welcome  until  he  threw  off  the  den- 
ham and  disclosed  the  uniform  and  shield  of  a  poKce  officer. 
He  captured  the  hotel  and  convicted  and.drove  the  proprie- 
tor out  of  town.  He  also  purged  Prindle  alley  and  Fair 
street  of  the  infamous  John  Minerzhager,  Ella  Case  and 
Mary  Fitzpatrick.  About  2  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  July 
13,  1882  he  made  a  desperate  capture  at  the  point  of  the  pis- 
tol. George  Higgins,  alias  John  Francis,  who  a  few  days 
before  liad  been  released  from  Sing  Sing,  bought  some  rib- 
bon in  Eogowski's  on  July  12,  and  slyly  noted  the  skyhght 
in  the  low.  rear  ell  of  the  store.  In  the  dead  of  night  he 
(h'opped  thi'ough  the  open  skylight  by  the  rope  to  the  lioor 
of  the  store  and  piled  §2,000  worth  of  goods  on  the  lower 
end  of  the  rope  and  was  just  tieing  it  when  he  heard  soft  foot- 


HIOGKArHK  Al,    SKK'KTIKS    <>K    POLIOK    OFFICIALS.  11 VI 

steps  iipoTi  tho  ell  roof.  lie  saw  only  one  way  for  escape — 
lie  j)liiuired  lieadloiig  tlirouiili  the  door-glass  and  rushed 
down  Chapel  street  into  Orange,  with  Patrolman  Driscoll 
in  hot  pursuit.  At  the  alley  near  the  Kew  Haven  Savings 
Bank  the  eriniinal  sudderdy  faced  about  to  shoot  his  pursuer ; 
hut  he  faced  a  cock(.'d  revolver  and  a  fearless  face.  His- 
ginr^.  alias  Francis,  was  sent  to  Wethersiield  for  five  years; 
a!id  Patrolman  Driscoll  was  "honorably  mentioned  for  effi- 
ciency "  by  the  pohce  commission ;  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  second  roundsuian  on  .Dec.  11,  1882,  and  received  a 
New  Years  g-ift  in  '81:  of  another  promotion,  this  time  to 
the  rank  of  first  roundsman.  In  June,  '86,  he  captured  a 
batch  of  criminals  that  had  stolen  trinkets  from  Eagle's  jew- 
elry store  in  State  street,  or  had  shared  the  sj^oils.  For  this 
shrewd  service  he  was  again  *•  honorably  mentioned''  by 
the  police  commission,  and  the  next  March  he  had  tlie  title 
''  sergeant "  on  his  cap  and  shield. 

This  brief  accoimt  of  Sergeant  DriscolFs  police  life 
shows  that  he  has  won  all  his  promotions  by  deeds  of  daunt- 
less daring  and  shrewd  service,  and  that  he  has  nobly  won 
the  gilt  stripes  and  blue  tassels  by  the  alert  tact  and  quick 
valor  of  his  head,  hand  and  heart. 

Sergeant  William  E.  McBride  was  born  June  28, 
1846,  in  Middlebury,  Yt.  ;  Mar.  2,  1873,  appointed  patrol- 
man ;  Jan.  1, 1884,  proihoted  2d  roundsman  at  headquarters ; 
Apr.  4,  1891,  promoted  sergeant.  At  the  breaking  out  of 
the  rebellion  he  was  three  years  under  the  mihtary  age,  and 
so  was  not  allowed  to  enlist.  But  he  was  determined  to  get 
down  to  the  Potomac  and  see  the  white  tents  gleaming  in 


192         BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

the  southern  moonlight,  hear  the  bugle-call  and  drum-beat, 
the  union  cheers  and  rebel  yells,  and  see  the  blue  and  the 
gray  in  the  sublimity  of  deadly  conflict ;  and  in  '62,  when 
16  years  old,  he  fulfilled  his  determination ;  he  managed  to 
be  appointed  helper  to  Army  Surgeon  Wm.  P.  Russell  and, 
waving  good-by  to  home  and  the  historic  hills  of  his  native 
state,  he  marched  away  with  the  Fifth  Regiment  of  Ver- 
mont Yolunteers. 

After  reachino'  manhood  William  McBride  made  his 
abode  in  IS^ew  Haven.  He  was  a  quiet,  self-reliant  young 
man,  and  his  good  traits  soon  attracted  an  influence  that 
made  him  a  meml)er  of  the  police  force.  Through  his  ser- 
vice of  ahnost  twenty  years  Sergeant  McBride  has  dem- 
onstrated his  fitness  for  any  phase  of  police  duty. 

In  July,  1S83,  John  Castagnetti  murdered  a  fellow  Ital- 
ian in  Oak  street  and  fled  from  justice.  Roundsman  Mc- 
Bride, though,  took  to  the  trail  and  on  a  lonely  road  some 
miles  east  of  Bridgeport  he  overtook  the  fugitive  murderer 
who  was  trudging  along  in  all  happy  confidence.  The  ofli- 
cer  confronted  the  fellow  and  captured  him  at  the  point  of 
the  pistol  on  July  21.  The  murderer  was  armed  with  two 
stilettoes  and  a  bull-dog,  six-shot  revolver  with  every  cham- 
ber loaded.  The  ofiicer  disarmed  him  and  took  him  back 
some  fourteen  miles  to  Xew  Haven.  Castagnetti  was  con- 
victed in  the  second  degree.  The  sentence  soon  upset  his 
reason  and  he  was  transferred,  a  maniac  of  the  wildest  sort, 
to  his  present  abode,  the  Middletown  asylum. 

One  July  afternoon  in  1871,  the  brother-in-law  of  the 
best-known  music  teacher  in  town  suddenly  became  a  mad- 


Jeremiah  Dexnehy, 
sergeant  (detective) 


PllILir    KEI1.LY, 
SERGEANT    (DETECTIVE)  , 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS.  193 

man,  got  a  revolver  and  a  pocketful  of  cartridges  and  walked 
down  Chnrcli  street  toward  the  city  hall  Hashing  bnllets  at 
every  passing  person.  Officer  McBride  rushed  to  the  scene, 
the  madman  howled  in  maniac  glee,  and  flashed  a  bullet  at 
the  charging  officer.  But  the  officer  kept  running  straight 
for  the  maniac.  Twice  more  the  madman  pulled  the  trig- 
ger but  it  failed  to  explode  the  cartridges.  After  the  pris- 
oner had  been  locked  up  officer  McBride  examined  the  cap- 
tured revolver.  It  had  two  cartridges.  The  hammer  did 
not  hit  them  because  a  flake  of  nickle-plate  had  dropped  into 
the  slot  at  the  base  of  the  hammer.  So  McBride's  life 
was  saved. 

In  '75  he  captured  in  Richard's  market  at  George  and 
State  streets,  a  German  madman  that  was  driving  everybody 
out  with  a  cleaver.  Officer  McBride  rushed  straight  for  him, 
hurled  him  to  the  floor  and  wrested  the  cleaver  from  Inm. 

Sergeant  Stephen  F.  McGann,  born  Sept.  9,  1854,  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.;  April  29, 1884,  made  supernumerary ; 
Aug.  1,  1884,  ordered  on  regular  duty  by  the  chief ; 
Jime  22,  1885,  made  patrolman.  Grade  C ;  Kov.  1,  1886, 
promoted  patrolmen,  Grade  B;  'Nov.  1,  1887,  promoted 
patrolman,  Grade  A ;  Mar,  4,  1891,  promoted  sergeant,  as- 
signed to  duty  as  sergeant  Sept.  1,  1892. 

Sergeant  John  McGratii  was  born  June  8,  1840,  in 
New^  Haven,  Conn.;  Mar.  7,  1873,  appointed  patrolman; 
Mar.  9,  1891,  promoted  sergeant.  He  was  a  molder  by 
trade  ;  was  a  member  of  the  old  fire  department  until  dis- 
banded ;  was  a  member  of  the  National  Blues,  Company  D. 


194  BICXiKAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLK^E    OFFICIALS. 

2d  Keginient,  C.  N.  G.,  for  eight  vears  till  appointed  on 
the  police  force. 

lie  has  made  some  very  important  arrests,  and  compli- 
mented foi-  brave  and  efficient  services  on  two  different  oc- 
casions. Following  are  some  «>f  the  cases  in  which  he  dis- 
tinguished himself : 

Office!'  John  McGrath  was  standing  on  the  corner  of 
Frank hn  and  (rrand  streets  shortly  after  midnight,  when  lie 
heard  a  woman's  voice  ciw :  "Is  there  an  officer  aroirndT' 
He  answered  in  the  affirmative  and  Mrs.  Munson  pushed 
her  head  ont  of  the  window  over  her  Imsband's  store  and 
asked  the  officer  to  see  if  s<.)niebody  had  not  entered  their 
store  through  the  back  door.  Mr.  McGrath  hurried  around 
to  the  rear  of  the  building  and  found  the  store  window 
open.  Entering  as  quietly  as  possible,  he  saw  a  man  behind 
the  cigar  counter.  The  man  was  approaching  the  rear,  but 
wdien  about  twenty  feet  from  it,  he  espied  the  officer  and 
dashed  for  the  front  door  with  the  officer  after  him.  He 
didn't  stop  for  such  a  trifle  as  a  glass  door,  but  jumped 
through  the  large  plate  of  glass  after  the  manner  a  circus 
rider  affects  when  piercing  paper  rings.  Tlie  officer  was 
not  to  be  outdone  in  athletic  feats,  but  performed  the  same 
act  almost  on  the  heels  of  the  burglar.  The  man  dashed 
down  Franklin  street  and  was  followed  by  the  officer  and 
Mr.  Munson,  the  proprietor  of  the  store.  The  officer  took 
to  the  street  and  the  thief  to  the  sidewalk.  Four  shots 
were  tired  by  those  in  pursuit,  but  the  fellow  was  not 
to  be  frightened.  The  officer  was  gaining  all  the  time  be- 
cause of  the  less  slippery  state  of  the  street ;  but  he  feared 


that  lie  might  lose  the  fugitive  if  lie  turned  u])  our  (»f  the 
side  streets,  and  when  as  the  chase  neai'ed  (nveue  street, 
and  the  race  was  beginnino-  to  tell  on  the  staving  j)uwers  of 
l:)otli,  the  burglar  evineed  a  dis])nsiti(>u  to  turn,  u])  the  street, 
the  officer  stopped  and  threw  his  club  with  siu-h  aim.  that 
the  man  dro])ped  likt'  one  shot,  lie  ])roved  to  be  Johii  (ialla- 
ghei',  a  Rotorious  police  court  character,  lie  only  reiiUirked 
to  his  pursuer  :  **  Tliat  was  a  good  jol).*'  In  the  city  eoui-f, 
he  pleaded  not  guiltv.  but  refused  to  say  anything.  He 
was  l>ound  over  to  tlie  supcrioi"  court  under  .^l,Ono  bonds. 
Attorney  Deuiing  <'oinpliinented  ^Mcdrath  neatly  for  his 
conduct  of  the  arrest. 

Shortly  after  4  o'clock  in  the  morning  Officer  John  Mc- 
Grath  approached  tlie  saloon  door  of  Michael  L.  Reynolds 
of  38  Greene  street  to  try  it  for  the  last  time  previous  to 
going  to  the  station  house.  lie  heard  a  noise  inside  the 
store.  He  listened.  The  noise  was  repeated.  The  officer 
entered  the  halfway  and  felt  of  the  side  door  of  the  saloon. 
He  found  that  a  panel  had  l)een  broken  out  of  the  top  of 
the  door.  On  tfie  floor  outside  the  door  were  an  overcoat, 
an  under  coat  and  a  vest.  The  noise  inside  was  continued. 
Officer  McGrath  ran  around  to  the  rear  of  the  store  and 
peered  through  the  grated  windows.  He  distinctly  saw  a 
man  stooped  behind  the  countei-.  There  were  two 
doors  and  three  windo^vs.  all  ^videly  separated  from  each 
other,  by  which  the  bur^'lar  might  escape  as  soon  as  he  be- 
came alarmed.  The  officer  ran  to  the  corner  of  Wallace 
and  Greene  streets,  and  quickly  blew  his  alarm  nine  times. 
Before  he  finished  he  heard  the  sound  of  breaking  glass. 


196         BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF   POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

He  knew  the  man  was  trying  to  escape.  He  ran  to  the 
rear  of  the  yard  again.  He  saw  the  man  giving  the  last 
jerk  to  the  bars  of  the  window  and  jumping  out.  He  cried 
out  to  the  fugitive  to  stop  or  he  would  shoot.  The  man, 
who  was  in  his  shirt  sleeves,  turned  to  an  outhouse  and 
caught  the  door.  The  officer  kicked  in  the  door  and  found 
that  the  burglar  was  Terrence  Carroll,  a  young  man  of  ex- 
cellent family  and  previous  good  character  himself,  who  has 
lived  with  his  mother  at  272  East  street. 

Residents  of  the  sixth  ward,  in  the  vicinity,  of  Greene  and 
East  streets,  liad  been  terrorized  for  over  a  month  by  a  gang 
of  toughs  and  jail  birds  who  made  their  headquarters  on 
that  corner.  These  gentlemen  of  leisure,  among  whom  were 
the  remnants  of  the  famous  Fanning  gang,  sat  around  on 
the  low  fence  in  front  of  Mallory,  Wheeler  tfe  Co.'s  factory 
on  Sundays  and  insulted,  and  very  often  assaulted  and  mal- 
treated pedestrians. 

Some  of  the  children  in  the  neighborhood  came  home 
and  told  their  parents  that  the  gang  had  lured  an  old  man 
down  the  road  and  had  assaulted  and  robbed  him.  One  of 
the  men  who  heard  the  story  thought  that  that  was  carrying 
the  thing  too  far,  and  he  determined  to  notify  the  police. 
Accordingly  he  made  a  complaint  and  Capt.  O'Keefe  de- 
tailed Sergeant  McGrath  to  look  up  the  case  and  break 
up  the  gang  if  it  took  all  the  police  at  his  disposal.  It  was 
a  rather  hopeless  case  and  there  was  not  a  clue  to  work  upon. 
The  man  who  made  the  complaint  had  no  idea  who  the 
men  were.  The  only  thing  that  could  be  called  a  clue  was 
the  fact  that  Emil  Johnson,  who  was  arrested  on  Sunday  for 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFP^ICIALS.  197 

drunkenness,  claimed  that  lie  had  been  robbed.  Startiiiir 
out  with  this,  Sergt.  McGrath  succeeded  in  apprehending 
the  men  who  committed  the  robbery  and  in  obtainino-  suffi- 
cient  witnesses  to  have  them  bound  over  to  the  superior 
court.     It  was  a  very  creditable  piece  of  detective  work. 

The  men  arraigned  were  Joseph  Fanning,  James  Fann- 
ing and  James  Gahan.  Johnson,  the  man  who  was  assault- 
ed, was  unable  to  identify  the  accused,  but  four  young  men, 
George  Deskin,  Kiernan  Brophy,  Mark  Sullivan,  James 
Ganzel,  said  that  they  were  walking  down  the  railroad  near 
Greene  street,  on  Sunday  night  about  7  o'clock,  and  saw 
Gahan  holding  Johnson  by  the  throat,  with  his  hand  over 
his  mouth,  while  Joseph  Fanning  turned  the  man's  pockets 
inside  out.  James  Fanniiig  was  standing  some  distance 
down  the  track.  When  Officers  Clancy  and  Koach,  under 
Sergeant  McGrath's  supervision,  arrested  the  Fannings  and 
Gahan,  all  three  were  intoxicated. 

Seeoeant  Jotham  II.  Oepv,  born  July  29,  1839,  in 
Orange,  X.  J.  ;  Dec.  2,  1874,  appointed  patrolman;  Mar.  9, 
1891,  promoted  sergeant. 

Sergeant  Philip  Reilly,  was  born  Jan.  21,  1827,  in 
Ireland ;  Aug.  26,  '61,  he  was  appointed  patrolman,  his  term 
expiring  June,  '6-1 ;  Dec.  4,  '67,  appointed  patrolman  ;  Nov. 
14,  '70,  reappointed  patrolman;  March  1,  1874,  assigned  to 
detective  duty ;  March  4,  1891,  promoted  sergeant. 

Sergeant  Bartholomew  Tiernan  was  born  in  Ireland, 
Sept.  29, 1846.  He  came  to  America  with  his  parents  June 
2,  1850,  and  has  resided  here  in  New  Haven  continually 
since,  with  the  exception  of  three  years  which  he  served  in 


198       juo(;kai'1I1CAL  sketches  of  j'olice  officials. 

tlie  army  during  tlie  late  war— IS^)  1-04.  Afterward  he 
worked  at  Ids  trade  as  iron  moulder.  In  the  meantime  he 
served  seveii  years  in  the  C.  N.  G.,  company  C,  2d  regi- 
ment. March  7,  1873;  was  appointed  patrohiian.  and  on 
March  9,  1891,  promoted  sergeant. 

Sekgea^t  Samiel  J.  WooDREFF.  hom  Xov.  '24:,  1842, 
in  New  llaven,  C^onn. ;  Mar.  7, 1873.  appointed  patrolman  ; 
Mar.  9.  1891,  promoted  sergeant.  He  served  during  the 
war  four  years  in  the  5th  Connecticut,  and  was  mustered  out 
July,  1865.  as  sergeant. 

Detective-SekitEANT  Henry  I).  (A>wles.  was  born  in 
Avon,  Conn.,  Jan.  19,  1850,  and  lived  in  Hartford  until 
1863,  when  he  came  to  New  Haven,  learned  the  painting 
and  paper  hanging  business  and  worked  at  it  until  1878, 
wlien  he  was  appointed  a  patrolman  on  the  police  force. 
From  1878  to  1880  he  was  on  duty  at  the  lowei*  end  of 
Grand  avenue,  during  which  time  he  received  some  hard 
knocks.  From  L880  to  1890  he  was  on  duty  in  different 
parts  of  the  city,  and  of  course  made  a  good  many  arrests 
for  all  sorts  of  crimes.  In  October,  '82,  he  arrested  Michael 
Stokes,  John  Clancy  and  Patrick  Ford  for  highway  robbery 
from  the  person  of  Deacon  Baldwin,  of  Woodbridge,  Conn. 
The  same  month  he  arrested  James  Allen  for  burglary.  In 
1883,  arrested  Charles  Cornell  for  burglary;  from  1883  to 
1890  he  made  a  great  many  arrests  for  small  thefts  and 
minor  offenses.  On  Thanksgiving  Eve,  1884,  he  was  sent 
to  a  saloon  out  at  Hamilton  Park  to  arrest  two  men  who  had 
almost  killed  a  man  ;  it  took  hhn  about  half  an  hour  to  make 
the  arrest,  but  he  iinally  succeeded.     In  October,  1890,  he 


BIOCfKArillCAI.    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS.  1«)1) 

aiTOStod  the  all-aruujjd  tliief  Miirty  Savage,  wIki  received  a 
loiio;  tei'iu  ill  jail.  ( )ii  Marcli  -i,  1891,  he  was  made  a  ser- 
geant, and  detailed  as  desk  sergeant  at  station  4.  On  Sep- 
t.einl)er  I,  1801.  he  Avas  brought  back  to  headcjnarters.  and 
detailed  as  a  detective.  His  first  case  of  verv  nmcli  im- 
portance was  that  of  Sidney  Coe  and  wife,  lie  liad  just 
twentv-fonr  hours  to  work  the  case  i\\).  He  made  liimself 
up  as  James  D.  Dewell.  went  to  Coe's  house,  282  Daven- 
port avenue,  where  he  caught  (,'oe,  who  is  now  in  state 
prison.  His  next  case  to  work  on  was  a  diamond  theft.  He 
was  on  this  case  two  months,  and  then  he  arrested  Timothy 
McDermott,  Henry  Frank  and  "William  Cook.  They  were 
found  guilty  in  both  courts,  and  went  to  jail  for  nine 
months.  In  the  meantime  he  liad  arrested  a  number  of 
thieves  for  stealing  overcoats,  gold  watches,  and  many 
other  valuables.  January  2,  1892,  at  the  meeting  of  the 
board  of  police  commissioners,  he  was  unanimously  elected 
detective  sergeant.  February  24  he  was  put  on  the  F.  A. 
Tliomson  forgery  case.  He  followed  him  for  a  nu:)nth,  and 
at  last  arrested  him  in  Xew  York  City,  March  25.  Thom- 
son has  been  tried  in  the  superior  court,  found  guilty,  and 
sentenced  to  three  years  in  jail.  On  March  24,  1892,  he 
arrested  Charles  E.  Hilliard  for  forgery;  he  was  tried  at 
the  April  term,  and  sentenced  to  two  years  in  state  prisoiL 
He  also  ari-ested  the  notorious  Murty  Savage,  who  had  been 
thieving  in  surrounding  country  towns ;  he  was  convicted 
oii  a  number  of  charges,  besides  being  bound  over  for  l)ui'- 
glary,  and  after  he  finishes  his  jail  sentence  he  will  go  to 
state  prison.     He  was  detailed  on  a  case  of  copper  stealing 


200  BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    OF    POLICE    OFFICIALS. 

from  parties  in  Ansonia,  and  May  10, 1S92,  arrested  Patrick 
Keardon,  who  was  convicted  and  sentenced  to  two  years  in 
jail ;  he  also  recovered  considerable  of  the  stolen  copper. 
On  June  9,  1892,  he  arrested  Harry  Freeland  for  the  theft 
of  a  bicycle,  and  in  the  superior  court  he  was  sentenced  to 
one  year  in  jail.  Dozens  of  similar  cases  could  be  men- 
tioned, but  space  will  not  permit.  He  also  recovered  a 
great  deal  of  stolen  property. 

Edwaed  Dowxes,  city  clerk  and  ex  officio  clerk  of  the 
police  commission,  was  born  on  Dwight  street,  in  May,  1S60, 
and  is  the  son  of  the  late  Edward  Downes,  the  well  remem- 
bered newsdealer.  His  grandfather,  Michael  Downes,  was 
the  lirst  newsdealer  of  Xew  Haven,  and  kept  a  store  in  the 
old  Glebe  building,  in  which  he  was  succeeded  in  1850  by 
Mr.  Downes'  father.  Michael  Downes  was  one  of  the  very 
lirst  citizens  of  the  Eoman  CathoHc  faith  to  settle  in  this 
city.  City  Clerk  Downes  entered  St.  Charles  College,  Elli- 
cott  City,  Maryland,  and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1881, 
with  high  honors,  taking  the  salutatory  address  and  many 
prizes,  and  entered  the  Yale  law  school  in  1885,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1887,  and  in  addition  to  the  practice  of  law 
connected  himself  with  the  editorial  department  of  the  Xew 
Haven  Befjisttr. 

He  became  prominent  in  the  presidential  campaign  of 
1888  as  a  pohtical  speaker  of  marked  ability.  In  recogni- 
tion of  his  services  the  Democratic  party  of  Xew  Haven 
nominated  him  for  city  clerk  in  1888.  His  popularity  is 
attested  by  the  majority  he  received,  running  ahead  of  his 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES    0¥    POLICE    OFFICIALS.  201 

ticket  many  lunidred  votes.  He  was  re-elected  city  clerk 
in  December,  ISIH). 

An  interesting  coincidence  is  that  Mr.  Downes'  uncle, 
AVilliam  Downes,  held  the  same  office  of  city  clerk  about 
twenty-live  years  ago.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
St.  Patrick,  Ivy  Club,  and  recording  secretary  of  Columbia 
Council,  Knights  of  Columbus. 

Charles  T.  Candee  has  been  clerk  of  the  police  de- 
partment since  January,  1884. 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTEK  I. 

NEW    HAVEN    COMMERCIALLY    CONSIDERED. 

A   Flourishiiiii;  Maiuifacturiiiii  Center — A  Spacious  Harbor — Superior 

Railroad  Facilities — Numerous  Routes  of  Transportation — Coast- 

in.i?  Vessels — Shipments  to  Foreign  Countries — Period  of  British 

Occupancy— Days  of  the  Embar2:o— Financial  Panics— Banking. 

Pagk  7 

(^HAPTER  11. 

NEW    haven's    FIRST    POLICE    P^ORCE. 

A  Xight  Guard  Composed  of  Sixteen  Men— Every  Night  at  Sundown 
the  Drum  was  Beaten — Constables,  Marshals  and  Tithingmen — 
The  Watch-house  Avas  Located  on  the  Market  Place— Duties  of 
tlie  Watch  Detined  -Discharge  of  Guns,  Beating  of  Drums  and 
Calling  of  Fire.  Fire— Military  Companies — The  Marshal  and  the 
Town-drummer IH 

(CHAPTER  III. 

a    PERMANENT    WATCH    ESTABLISHED. 

Superintendents  and  Chiefs— The  Night  Watch  Discontinued— Seri- 
ous Collisions  Between  Students  and  Citizens— Major  Bissell's 
Presence  of  Mind— The  Foundation  of  the  Present  I'olice  Sys- 
tem—A  New  Departure  in  Police  Protection 31 


204  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTEE  lY. 

POLICE    DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    HAVEN. 

Abolishment  of  tlie  Old  Watch— Terms  and  Provisions  of  the  New 
Law — A   Board   of   Police   Commissioners— The   Department  to 
Consist  of  one  Chief,  one  Captain,  one  Lieutenant,  Ordinary  Po- 
licemen, not  Exceeding  Twenty,  and  Fifteen   Supernumeraries. 
40 

CHAPTEK  y. 

POLICE    commissioners'    PROCEEDINGS. 

Not  Always  Harmonious,  l)ut  for  the  Public  Good— Kesignations  and 
Vacancies— Officials  Investigated— Exit  Chief  Brown — Office  of 
Roundsman  Discontinued — Trial  of  Lieutenant  Sheridan — A  Tale 
of  a  Dog— Some  Delinquent  Policemen — Office  of  First  and  Sec- 
ond Sergeant  Established 51 

CHAPTEE  YI. 

SERIOUS    CHARGES    PREFERRED    BY    THE    MAYOR. 

A  Police  Mutual  Benefit  Aid  Association — Meritorious  Service  Re- 
warded— Cutting  DoAvu  Expenses — The  Mayor  Charges  that  the 
Efficiency  of  the  Force  has  been  Sadly  Demoralized— An  Investi- 
gation Ordered — Chief  Allen  Implicated — He  is  Exonerated,  and 
the  Mayor's  Charges  not  Sustained — Police  Telephone  Stations — 
The  Force  Organized fiO 

CHAPTEE  YIL 

POLICE  PROCEEDINGS  AS  ANNUALLY  REPORTED. 
Cliief  Pond's  First  Annual  Report — The  Department  and  all  Things 
Appertaining  in  Good  Condition — A  System  of  Uniform  Promoted 
Discipline,  and  Improved  the  General  Condition  of  the  Depart- 
ment— No  Riots  or  Disturbances — Statistics  of  Arrests — Numer- 
ical Strength  of  the  Force — Detective  Department  Methods.  .  74 


CONTENTS.  205 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

A  MARKED  IMPROVEMENT  IN  THE  FORCE. 
Tliis  is  Attributable  to  the  Viirilauce  of  tlie  Cliief  in  Enforcinir  the 
Rules— Completion  of  the  Police  Tele<jraph— Intoxication— Of- 
fenders to  be  Punished  Avith  Dismissal— Site  for  a  Police  Buildini; 
Selected— More  Patrolmen  Demanded— Few  Noticeable  P>reaches 
of  the  Peace ^q 

CHAPTER  IX. 

THE    TELEPHONE    AND    TELEGRAPH. 
An  Important  Auxiliary  to  the  Police  Department— The  Mechanism 
Described— Of  Great  Value  to  the  Force— The  Patrol  AVa.^on— 
The  Policeman's  Best  Friend 100 

CHAPTER  X. 

,     MORE    IMPORTANT    POLICE    STATISTICS. 
Police  Alarm  Stations — The  Purchase  and  Erection  of  a  Further  Num- 
ber Recommended — Captain  Hyde's  Twenty-tifth  Anniversary — 
Congratulatory  Resolutions— Tables  of  Arrests— More  than  One- 
half  for  Drunkenness Ill 

CHAPTER  XL 

OVER    ONE-HALF    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS. 
Municipal   Strength   of  the  Department— Changes  in  the  Roster— A 
Student   Mortally   Shot  in  front  of   a    Saloon — Burglary,  Theft 
and   other   Crimes — Extract   from  the  Chief's  Report — The  De- 
partment Eulogized — Bungling  House  Burglars 129 

CHAPTER  XIL 

IMPORTANT    POLICE    PROCEEDINGS    NARRATED. 
Deatli  of  the  Veteran  Patrolman.  Thomas  Kennedy — No  Case  of  Ho- 
micide    to    Record     for     the    Year    1890 — Shop      Lifters    and 
Bunco  Steerers     Not   In  It — Horse   Thieves    Brought   to   Book 
— Expense  of  a  Policeman's  Outflt 147 


206  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTEK  XIII. 

VARIOUS    BOARDS    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

Extending  From  the  Oriianization  of  the  Present  Sj'stera  in  180 1  to 
1892 — When  Appointed  and  When  Term  Expired— The  Governing 
Body  of  the  Department— A  Roster  of  Faithful  Officials  .    .    .  155 

CHAPTEK  XIV. 

ANNUAL    ROSTER    OF    POLICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

Fi-oni  1882  to  1892— Men  AVho  Held  the  Destinies  of  the  Department 
in  Their  Keeping — Names  of  Well  Known  Citizens — All  True  to 
the  Trust  Reposed  in  Them .•••....  101 

CHAPTEK  XV. 

A  POLICE  PENSION  LAW. 

A  Veteran  Reserve — Pensions  After  Twenty  Years'  Continuous  Service 
(rranted  to  Those  Permanently  Disabled  in  Actual  Duty — The 
Reserve  Fund — Other  New  Features —Benefit  to  Widow"  or  De- 
pendents     108 

CHAPTEK  XVL 

BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  POLICE  OFFICIALS. 

The  men  who  Govern  and  Control  the  Police  Department — Sketches 
of  Their  Official  Careers— All  Honorable  and  Trustworthy — 
Records  That  the  Police  Department  is  Proud  of— Public  Officers 
of  Intelligence  and  Integritj' 174 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


A  D  VER  TI SEMEN  TS 


W.     F.     GILBERT,; 


K  O  A  1_  ! 

65     CHURCH     STREET,  (Opposite  P.  O.) 

AND 

81     RAILROAD     AVENUK. 

Glebb  .-.  Coal  .-.  Okkice. 

Ilacier^  Sanderson,  Proprietor, 
7/4    OHURCH    STREET, 

Superior  quality  Family  %  Steam  Coal. 

YARDS  :    87    and    145    LONG    WHARF. 
WILLIAM  H.  SAGE,  Pres.  LEVI  C.  GILBERT,  Sec.  and  Treas. 

The     Levi    C.    Gilbert    Co., 

COAL, 

Office,  89    CHURCH  STREET, 

Yard,    16  to   26  East  Water  Street, 

Neina/    Haven,  Oonneicticut. 

BURTON    DICKERMAN, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 

:  :  IcK  :   Dealer,  :  : 


TELEPHONE    CONNECTION. 


Office:     71     BROADWAY,     NEW     HAVEN, 


A  D  VER  T I  SEMEN  TS 


T.  M.  PRUDDEN,  Pres.  F.  E.  HUNN,  Vice-Pres.  and  Treas. 

GEO.  W.  CRANE,  Sec'y. 


EZSTABLISHEID     182-4. 


FURNITURE 


t 


the: 

BOIDITGH  \  PRIM  CO., 

104  a  106  Orange  Street, 
NEW  HAVEN, 

O  O  N    N  . 


A  D  VER  TI  SEMEN  TS 


MERCHANTS'     NATIONAL     BANK, 

276    STATE    STREET. 
Capital,    -       -       -       ~     $500,000. 
SAFE  DEPOSIT  FACILITIES  FOR   PATRONS, 

Prcshient,  C.  S.  MERSICK.  Gtj/»Vr,  D.  A.  ALDEN. 

Directors  : 

Nathan  F.    Hall,  Horace  J.  Morton,  C.  S.   Mersick,  Geo.  H.  Ford,  James  English,  John 

W.  Ailing,  H.  C.  Warren,  Edwin  H.  English,  F.  L.  Bigelow. 

Discount    Da^'s,     .        .        .     Mondays    and    Tliursdays. 

NEW  HAVEN  COUNTY  NATIONAL  BANK. 

317    STATE    STREET. 


CAPITAL,  ....  $3S0,000. 

SURRI_US,       ....  $185,000. 


Dividends,  April  and  October.  Discojint  Days,  Mondays  and  Thursdays. 


President,   EZEKIEL   G.    STODDARD. 
Cashier,  HORATIO  G.  REDFIELD.  Teller,  JAMES  TOLLES. 

Directors  : 

James  G.  English,    Henry  D.  White,    John  B.    Robertson,    Ezekiel 

G.  Stoddard,    Wallace  B.  Fenn,    Edward  E.  Bradley, 

John  B.  Carrington,  James  H.  Foy. 


MECHANICS'    BANK, 
72  Church  Street. 

Incorporated  1824. Mnwin- Cliarter   Perpetual. 

CAPITAIi,      -        -        -        -      $300,000. 

Dividends  January  and  July.   Discount  Days  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays. 
President,  CHARLES  S.  LEETE,  [-ice-President,  JOHN    P.  TUTTLE. 

Cashier,  CHARLES  H.  TROWBRIDGE,  Book-keeper,  E.  G.  MERWIN. 

Directors. — Charles  S.  Leete,  John  P.  Tuttle,  Thomas  R.  Trowbridge.  Frank 
W.  Benedict,  Maier  Zander,  Edwin  F.  Mersick,  Joel  A.  Sperry, 
Oliver  S.  White,  Franklin  H.  Hart. 


AD  VER  TISEMENTS 


J.   H.   PliATT.  C.   P.   THOmPSOfl. 


Dlutt  \  TpOMp^opI, 

INTERIOR     *     * 
%    DECORATION, 


PAINTING  4-  FRESGOING. 


No.  90  and  92  Orange  St., 

NEW  HAVKN, 

CONN 


A  D  VER  TI  SEMEN  TS 


CEIMTENISIIAL-         VEAR. 

The  National  Nhw  Ha\hn  Bamk. 

Capital  antl  Surplus,        -  -       $650,000. 

hiiorporaled  as  a  State  Bank  in  iyg2. 

On^anized  as  a  National  Bank  in  186^. 

Directors  : 

Wilbur  F.  Day,  Henry  L.  Ilotchkiss,  Louis  II.  Hristol,  E.  Ilaycs  Trow  rbidge, 

jr.,  Timothy  Dwight,  George  H.  Townsend,  William  W.  Farnham. 

WILBUR   F.    DAY,  President.       ROBERT   I.   COUCH,  Cashier. 

YALE    NATIONAL    BANK. 

745    Chapel    Street,    New    HyVVEN    Connecticut. 

CAPITAL,    $500,000.         SURPLUS,    $150,000. 

Dividends    April    and    October.        Discount    days    Monday   and    Thursday. 

S.   E.  MERWIN,  President.  J.  A.  RICHARDSON,   Cashier. 

Directors  :   S.  E.  Merwin,  F.  S.  Bradley,  H.  S.  Dawson,  E.  S.  Greely,  H.  B.  Ives,  J.   H. 

Leeds,  Geo.  F.  Holcoinb,  Geo.  O.  Cruttenden. 

YAL.E     SAFE     DEPOSIT     VAUL.TS. 
Auuiial  Rental  of  Boxes  from  $5.00  to  $50.00.       Absolute   Security. 

Access   to   vault   through  the  Bank. 

4.  The  National  Tradesmen's  Bank,  %- 

96    ORANGE    STREET. 
NKW    Haven,    Conn. 

Capital,  $;K)0.000.  Surplus  and  UiKliYided  Prolits  $150,000. 

Foreign  Exchange  and  Travelers'  Credits. 

President,     .     .     GEO.  A.  BUTLER. 
Cashier,      .     .     W.  T.  FIELDS. 

,  „,  {Mem.  N.  Y.  St' k  Ex.       H.  Cruger  Oakley,  Mem.  N.  Y.  St'k  Ex. 

James  Whitely,    |     .<       ^^^-^^   B'do/Td.      Maynard  C.  Evre^J/^w.  N.  Y.  Prod.  Ex. 
Tho6.  H.  Bolmer,       "       N.Y.  Produce  Exchange. 

prince:   &l   whiteilv. 

Bankers  and  Brokers, 

64  Broadway,  NEW  YORK.       15  Center  Street,  NEW  HAVEN,  CT. 

C.    r>.   BOLMER,  Manager  New   Haven   Branch. 

All  Classes  of  Railway  Stocks  and  Bonds  ;  also  Grain,  Provision  and  Cotton  Bought  and 
Sold  on  Commission. 

Connections  by  Private  Wire  with  New  York,  Boston  and  Chicago. 

IN\fESTMENT     SECURITIES     A     SPECIALTY. 


AD  VER  TISEMEXTS 


Daniel  M,  Sheehan 


PRACTICAL 


PLUMBER, 


STEAM  AND  GAS  FITTER. 


flo.  108  Court  Street, 


(BET.    ORANGE    AND    STATE    STS.,) 


NEW     HAVEN,     CONN. 


AD  VEK  TISEMENTS 


MOSELEY'S  NEW  HAVEN  HOUSE, 

pponting  Vale  University, 

(OPPOSITE    THE    (;ri:en) 

Is  the  only  Hotel  in  the  city  with  a  Passenger  Elevator. 
It  is  to  be  enlarged  and  improved  this  season. 

Seth   H.  Moseley. 


BESSE,    BESSE    &    CO., 

The  RellaWe  One-Price  Clotlilers,  Hatters  and  [lente'  Fnrnisliers. 

784  CHAPEL  STRP:ET. 

In  the  present  age  of  rapid  progress  and  keen  business  competition  it  is  not  always  tliose 
houses  which  pride  themselves  on  their  age  that  control  the  bulk  of  the  trade  in  any  par- 
ticular line,  and  the  reliable  house  of  Besse,  Besse  &  Co.  is  an  evidence  of  how  rapidly 
and  firmly  a  large  and  constantly  increasing  business  can  be  built  up  on  a  sure  basis  by 
commercial  integrity,  industry,  and  a  comprehensive  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  needs 
of  the  public.  The  reliable  one-fJrice  clothing,  hat  and  gents'  furnishing  goods  store  of 
Messrs.  Besse,  Besse  &  Co.  v.-as  established  only  five  years  ago  ;  the  members  of  the 
firm,  L.  W.  Besse  and  H.  R.  Besse,  however,  having,  prior  to  that  time,  had  many  years' 
experience  in  the  business.  Determining  on  devoting  their  experience  and  capabilities  to 
a  business  which  should  involve  the  features  of  reliability  and  strictly  one-price  they 
organized  the  present  one,  which  has  since  enjoyed  an  almost  phenomenal  trade.  Their 
premises  comprise  three  extensive  floors,  which  are  completely  filled  with  a  magnificent 
stock  of  men's,  youth's,  boys'  and  children's  clothing,  in  a  great  variety,  of  the  newest  and 
most  approved  styles,  and  made  and  trimmed  equal  to  the  best  custom  work.  Thej'  also 
carry  the  largest  line  of  gents' furnishing  goods  in  the  city,  and  are  headquarters  for  fine 
hats,  caps,  trunks,  bags,  etc.  The  clothing  sold  by  this  firm  is  all  made  especially  for 
them,  and  the  style,  cut,  finish  and  fit  of  every  garment  is  as  carefully  looked  after  as  if  it 
were  made  to  order.  As  to  the  prices,  they  are  guaranteed  to  be  as  low  as  it  is  possible  to 
produce  goods  of  equal  quality,  and  a  corps  of  courteous  and  attentive  salesmen  attend  to 
the  wants  of  patrons,  those  looking  receiving  equal  respect  and  attention  as  if  they  were 
purchasers.  That  the  public  appreciate  the  e.xcellent  system,  the  one-price  for  all,  and 
the  superior  quality  of  the  goods  shown  is  clearly  manifested  by  the  fact  that  the  current 
year's  business  shows  an  enormous  increase  over  that  of  the  previous  one,  and  if  the  pro- 
gress made  by  this  firm  in  the  future  only  keeps  pace  with  its  history  so  far,  it  will  shortly 
become  one  of  the  most  e.xtensive  retail  clothing  and  outfitting  houses  in  the  United 
States. 

<A  TONTINE    HOTEL,  i» 

EUROPEAN     PLAN, 

G.   R.    HODGDON, Proprietor. 

Centrally    Located.     All    the    Modern    Improvements. 
ROOMS  $1.00,  $1.50  and  $2.00  PER   DAY. 

Corner  CUnrcH  and  Court  IM\\  -    NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


ADVER  T/SEMEXTS 


H-  C.   Warren   8t   Co., 

-^  BANKERS  AND  BROKERS,  5v- 

108       ORANOE     STREET, 

NEW    HAVEN,    CONN. 

InvestDicnt    Securities  Bought  and  Sold.     Steamship    Tickets   and  Foreign 

Exchansre. 


The  superior 
q  u  a  1  i  t  3'  of 
these  instru- 
ments has 
won  for  them 


SHONINGER  PlM^s 

the  highest  praise  and  admiration. 
They  contain  all  the  essential  qualities  of  a  perfect  Piano,  and  are  universally  endorsed 
by  leading  musicians  and  musical  people.  The  quality  of  materials  used  and  the  skill  of 
the  workmen  employed  in  their  construction,  also  our  long  experience,  allow  us  to  say 
these  Pianos  are  first-class  in  every  respect. 

Faultless  Tone,  Easy  Action,  Extreme  Durability. 

PERFECTION  IN  DESIGN  and  FINISH. 


EISTABLISHEID       1  850. 


I] lust  rated     Catalogue     Mailed     ofi     Application. 

B.    SHONINGER    CO,,    Manufacturers. 


WAKEROOMS 


225  State  Street,  Ctiicap,  111,  96  Fiftti  Avenue,  New  YorL 

offices  and  Factories  :   NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 
Corner  CItapel  and  Chestnut  Streets. 

7REMONT  #  HOUSE       ^ 

DAVID  HODGDON,  Proprietor. 

MOST    CENTRAL    OF   ANY    FIRST-CLASS    HOTEL    IN    THE   CITY. 

m:odkrn     conveniences. 

Steam  Heat  at  the  direction  of  the  Guest. 

Cor.  Court  and  Orange  Sts.  NEW   HAVEN,    CONN. 


A  D  I  ^ER  TISEMF.X  TS 


JOHN  ^  GLANGEY, 

ESTABLISHED    1870. 

BOTTLER  OF  ALL  KINDS 

OF 

TEMPERANCE  DRINKS, 
MINERAL  WATERS,  ETC. 

98  CARLISLE  ^^'  43  LIBERTY  STS. 
NEW   HAVEN, 

CONN. 


AD  VEK  TISEMENTS 


R.  BALLERSTEIN  &  CO., 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  ^\^-\W^\ 

841     and    843    CHAPEL    STREET, 

New  Haven,  Conn. 
♦  ♦  OTTENHEIMER  ♦  BROS.  ♦  ♦ 

Sole  Importers  of  the  renowned  French 

C.  p.  A  LA  SIRENE  CORSETS. 

And  Manufacturers  of  the 

SONNETTE  CORSETS, 


->— ^-o-^C— 


Factory ;  102  to  116  HILL  STREET,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN, 
New  York  Office :  446  to  448  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK, 

The    Right    Place  #         # 

For  the  Right  Goods 

At  the  Right  Prices.  % 

A.     H.     SIZER     &     CO., 
CLOTHIERS, 

791'  CHAPEL    STREET  .    .    .  NEW    HAVEN. 


A  D  VER  TISEMENTS 


LEWIS  OSTERWEIS.  MAX  L.  OSTERWEIS. 

Lewis    Osterweis    &    Son., 

Manufacturers   of    Fine   Cigars, 

93    CHURCH    STREET, 
NKW^    TiAVKN,    CONN. 

]y[flYEH,  STHOUSE  (S  QOlVlPAflY 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Corsets,  Corset  Clasps,  and  Paper  Boxes. 

IMPORTERS  AND    DEALERS    IN   ALL 
KINDS   OF  CORSET  MATERIALS. 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.,  U.  S.  A. 

Warerooms  :      412     BROADWAY,     N.     Y. 

Stahl  &    Hegel, 
kurniturk  and  carpets, 

LINOLEUM,   OIL   CLOTH,    RUGS,    SPIADES,    ETC., 

A  fine  line  of 

CHILDREINS'      OARRIAGEIS, 

Also 

REFRIGERATORS. 

Agents    for    the   Cold    Blast    Feather   Company. 

The    best    and    cleanest    feather    in    the    market. 

We  offer    the   Largest   Assortment   at   the   very    Lowest    Prices. 
UNDERTAKING.  8,  lO,  &  12  CHURCH  STREET. 


AD  VER  TISEMENTS 


PFAFF    &c    SON, 

Do    your    marketing    with    us,    and    get    the    best 

CHOICK     MEATS, 

POULTRY,     OAIVLK, 

VKOEXAKLES. 

Nos.  7  and  9  Church  Street.    Telephone,  446-4. 
No.  152  Portsea  Street.  "'  446-3. 

Savin  Rock.  "  152-3. 

^T-HE  NEW  HAVEN  WATER  COMPANYt> 

realizing  that  no  one  element  is  so  essential  for  the  health,  comfort  and 
growth  of  a  city  as  a  good  supply  of  pure  water,  for  domestic  and  manufac- 
tunng  purposes,  desires  to  call  attention  to  the  unsurpassed  facilities  of  its 
water  supply. 

It  has  five  independent  sources,  which  for  quality,  quantity  and  purity,  have 
no  equal  in  any  city  in  the  United  States. 

The  sources  of  supply  are  all  situated  within  a  radius  of  ten  miles  of  the 
City  Hall,  and  can  be  developed  as  necessity  demands  to  furnish  water  for 
500,000  inhabitants. 

STORAQK     CAPACITY. 

Lake  Whitney, 800,000,000  gallons. 

Lake  Saltonstall, 1,335,000,000  " 

Dawson  Lakes  I,  2,  3, 1,080,000,000  " 

Maltby  Lakes,  I,  2,  3, 132,000,000  " 

Lake  Wintergreen, 160,000,000  " 

1  otal  ....  3,507,000,000 

DAILY     SUF^PIvY. 

By  Steam  and  Water  Pumps,  .    ,    .    .     15,000,000  gallons. 

By  Gravitation, 12,000,000      •' 

Total  daily  supply,    ....      27,000,000 

WEISS    &    ENDRISS, 

DEALERS     IN 

CHOICE   GROCERIES,   MEATS,   VEGETABLES, 
Fruit,  Teas,  Coffees,  Spices,  etc., 

:  FINEST    CALIF()RNL\    FRUIT   A    SPECIALTY.  : 

485   Chapel    Street,   New    Haven,    Conn. 

(Corner  Franklin  Street.) 
Goods  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  City.  Vessels  supplied. 


AD  VER  TISEMENTS 


The  J.  GIBB  SMITH  &  CO., 
LUMBER  and  MILL  WORK. 

North  Carolina,  Georgia  Pine  and  Cyprus  in  car  lots  a  specialty. 

Sash,    Doors,    Blinds,    Mouldinp^s,   Stair   Work,    Man- 
tels,  and    Inside   Cabinet  Trim. 

136    EAST   WATER   STREET, 

NEW       HAVEN,         =         -        CONN. 


THE  SOUTHERN  NEWA  ENGLAND  TELEPHONE  CO, 


M.   F.  TYLER,  President.  ^flBJiriS^,  A.   H.   EMBLER,  Sec.  &  Treas. 

E.  B.  BAKER,  Gen'lSupt.,  mSpSfllSS^      ^-  ^'   CLARKE,   As.st.    Treas. 


Executive  Offices,  110  120  COLHT  ST.,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 

NEW     HAVEN     DIVISION. 

Main  Ofliceaiifl  Public  Station,  Telephone  Building,  ii8  Court  St.,  Room  i,  N.  H. 

Bi-aiicli  Ortice  and  Public  Station,  Rogers  Street,  Hranford. 

PAY     STATIONS. 

54  CONGRESS  AV..  New  Haven,  D.  Acklev  &  Sou's  Store. 

Cor.  GRAND  AV.  &  STATE  ST.,  New  Haven,  G.  N.  Allinsf's  Drug  Store. 
19  EAST  GRAND  AV.,  New  Haven,  A.  H.  B.iines'  Dni?  Store. 

339  HOWARD  AV.,  New  Haven,  Geo.  H.  Butricks'  Drug  Store. 
HOUSATONIC  R.  R.,  Passentfer  Depot,  New  Haven. 

303  CONGRESS  AV.,  New  Haven,  R.  H.  Dimock's  Drug-  Store. 
ISeSHELTON  AV.,  New  Haven,  M.  J.  Hotehkiss'  Dru};  Store. 

Cor.  WHALLEY  AV.  A  SHERRY  ST.,  N.  H.,  Chas.  F.  Messinger's  Drug  Store. 
Cor.  CHAPEL  an.l  COI.I.Ei^E  STS.,  New  Haven,  New  Haven  Honse. 
fNION    DEPdT,  New  H:n-,n,  Pa-ei.trer  Depot. 

M-J  CHAPEL  ST..  New  Haven,  .Sawver  Bissell  Dru|rCo. 
RRANFORD,  SHORT  BEACtL  E.  B.  Kiiuwle>. 

GUILKURD.  POST  OFFICE,  tie...  M.  Bradley. 
MADISON,  POST  OFFICE,  H.  N.  Coe. 

URANGE,  Housatonlc  Railroad  Co.  Depot. 

TYLER  CITY,  Housatonic  Railroad  Co.  Depot. 

NORTH  HAVEN,  Joseph  Pierpont's  Store. 

CLINTON,  Reynolds  &  Wrijrht's  Dru?  Store. 

MILFORD,  X.  RIVER  ST.,  Chas.  A.  Lyman's  Jewelry  Store. 

W.  G.  RIGGS,  L.ocal  Manager. 

W.  A.  BECKLEY  &  CO., 

167  East  Water  St.,  Cor.  Union, 
Neiw    Haven,    Conn. 


A  D  VER  TISEMENTS 


a   THOMPSON  &  BELiDEH 


VHOLESALE    AND    RETAIL    DEALERS    IN 

PAINTS,    OILS,    GLASS, 
VARNISHES  and  BRUSHES. 

SOt,E    AGENTS    FOR 

Masury's  Railroad  and  Liquid  Colors, 

Nos.  396  and   398  State  Street,   Courier    Buildino-, 
NEiw     have:n,    conn. 


LAUNDRYING, 
DYEING,     CLEANING, 

THE      OLDEST     AND      LARGEST 

Establishment  of  this  kind  in 

NEW       ENGLAND. 

With  a  large  and  complete  plant,  each  department  stocked  with  the  newest  and  best 
appliances  for  producing  the  liighest  quality  of  work,  we  are  enabled  to  maintain  an  ever 
increasing  and  widespreading  patronage. 

LAUNDRVING  of  every  description  and  unequaled  in  point  of  excellence. 

DYElN(i  of  suits,  overcoats,  dresses,  silks,  gloves,  feathers,  etc. 

CLEANING  of  garments  of  all  kinds,  window  shades,  blankets,  etc. 

Cleaning  of  Summer  Outing  Suits. 
SPECIAL    DEPARTMENT    FOR    CLEANING     OF     LACE    CURTAINS. 

Canet  CleaniuE.        Camets  Tateii  Uj,  Cleaueft  and  Relaii. 

THE     FORSYTH     COMPANY, 

Office,  878  Cliapel   Street,   New   Haven. 

Branch     Offices  :    645    CHAPEL    ST.,    NEW    HAVEN. 
20    WEST    MAIN    ST.,    MERIDEN. 
118    FAIRFIELD    AVE.,    BRIDGEPORT. 
Works:    STATE,   LAWRENCE    &    MECHANIC    STS.,    NEW    HAVEN,   CONN. 

The   National  Varnish    Co., 

ylNCORRORATED.) 

195   SALTONSTALL  AVE.,    NEW    HAVEN. 

(-TELEPHONE.) 

Manufacturers    of   High    Grades    of 

VARNISHES,  DRYERS  and  JAPANS, 

Also    Turpentine.    Raw    and     Boiled 
Linseed   Oil.    etc. 


AD  VER  T I  SEMEN  TS 


C.   S.   MERSICK  &   CO., 
IRON,   STEEL,    METALS, 


HARDWARE,    ETC., 


286,  288,  290  and  292  STATE  STREET, 
NEW     HAVEN,     CONN. 

"THE:  BIGEILONA/  CO. 

Maiiiifactiirei's  of  Steam  Boilers.  Taiits,  and  Plate  Irn  Woit, 

92  to   102   RIVER    STREET. 

Ill  tlie  present  age  the  demand  for  steam  boilers  and  plate  iron  work  is  an  enormous  one, 
and  among  the  most  extensive  houses  devoted  to  their  production  in  Connecticut  is  the 
well-known  Bigelow  Co.,  whose  works  are  located  at  Grapevine  Point  in  the  south-eastern 
part  of  the  city.  This  enterprise  is  peculiarlj-  a  New  Haven  one,  whose  growth  and  pro- 
gress has  not  alone  conferred  material  benefit  upon  the  city,  but  has  also  tended  to  enhance 
her  reputation  as  an  eligible  and  successful  manufacturing  centre  in  the  widely  scattered 
places  where  the  boilers  made  here  have  been  sent.  This  business  was  established  in  i860 
by  the  late  ex-Governor  H.  B.  Bigelow  on  a  limited  scale.  In  1861  he  associated  with  him 
Mr.  Henr>'  Elson,  under  the  style  of  H.  B.  Bigelow  &  Co.  In  1877  the  partnership  was 
extended  by  the  entrance  of  Mr.  George  S.  Barnum.  Its  present  form  is  that  of  a  corpo- 
ration, known  as  The  Bigelow  Co.,  organized  in  1883  under  a  special  charter  granted  by  the 
Legislature  of  that  year.  In  1869  the  present  plant,  covering  about  three  acres,  was  first 
occupied.  A  fire  destroyed  a  part  of  their  buildings  in  1873,  which  were  rebuilt.  They 
now  consist  of  a  machine  shop,  boiler  shop,  blacksmith  shop  and  other  buildings,  which 
are  compact  and  well  arranged,  and  are  fully  equipped  with  all  necessary'  modern  machin- 
ery, employment  being  furnished  to  about  150  skilled  workmen.  While  the  company  man- 
ufacture steam  boilers,  in  which  department  they  enjoy  a  wide-spread  reputation  and  trade 
extending  through  the  United  States,  Canada  and  many  foreign  countries,  they  also  do  a 
great  deal  of  special  heavy  machine  work,  having  lately  added  to  their  plant  large  and 
heavy  tools  of  the  most  improved  pattern  for  doing  this  class  of  work.  The  facilities  of 
this  company  for  the  receipt  of  raw  material,  and  the  shipment  of  their  finished  product, 
are  particularly  favorable,  the  works  being  contiguous  to  the  water  and  the  railroad.  In  all 
respects  the  company  occupies  a  foremost  position,  and  is  managed  with  energy,  enter- 
prise, and  modern  methods.  The  officers  of  the  company  are  :  President,  F.  L.  Bigelow, 
oldest  son  of  the  late  Governor  Bigelow;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  George  S.  Barnum  ; 
and  Assistant  Treasurer,  W.  P.  Bigelow,  who  has  charge  of  the  New  York  Office. 

E.  STANNARD  &  SON, 

: : :  IRON  FOUNDERS  AND  PATTERN  MAKERS : : : 

Nos.  30  to  2)^  Artisan  Street, 
NEW     HAVEN,     CONNECTICUT. 

Licensed  Alanufacturers  of  the   Goetz   Box   Anchor   and    Tiinber    Cap. 


AD  VER  TISEMENTS 


FpSKETT  &   BISHOP, 
o<|   Engineers    and     Contractors    [>o 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 
G.  cS^  J.  R.  BOLTON'S    HOT  V^ATEIR    H  EI  AXE  R  3, 

PLUMBING,    STEAM   AND    GAS    FITTING. 

Cor.  Grand  and  Railroad  Aves.  Branch  Store  No.  490  State  Street, 

ne:\a/     haven,    conn. 
New   York    Office,   114    Liberty   Street. 

F.  P.  PFLEGHAR  &  SON, 

MACHINISTS, 

AND 

MANUFACTURERS    OF     LIGHT    HARDWARE, 

74  Crown  Street,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Reynolds    and    Co., 

MANUFACTURERS    (JF 

<A  SCREWS  AND  BOLTS,  i>o 

RODS,  WROUGHT  IRON  WORK,  ETC,  FOR  ROOFS  and  BRID&ES, 
321   East  Street,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

THE  BELDEN  MACHINE  CO., 

MEW      HAVEIN,      C  O  IM  N  . 


Scranton    Improved    Nail    Puller    and 
other  Hardware  Specialties. 

Drop  Forgings.     Power  Hammers.     Dies  and  Special  Machinery. 


A  D  VER  TISEMENTS 


JAMES  REYNOLDS,  1'kks.  P.  O'CONNOR,  Sec.  and  Tkka.s. 

THE  JAMES  REYNOLDS  MFG.  CO.. 

99  Mill  River  St.,  New  Haven,  Conn., 

BRASS   FOUNDERS. 


CJoniposltiuit     l{raK$«, 


Bronze,     Nickel,     Silver      "Wlilte      ai»cl      otlier 
Soft  Metal. 


FINE    PATTERN    CASTINGS   A    SPECIALTY. 

The  Machine  Department  Manufactures  Special  Machin- 
ery. Also  New  and  Improved  "  Turn-over  Draw  Plate 
Molding  Machines  and  Sand  Pressers  Combined,"  and  Lift 
Machines.       Havin;:i^    O'Connor    and    IMcNamara's  Improved 

Flask  Lifters,  Patented 
x\pril  5th,  1S92.  Also, 
Improved  Sand  Presser 
worked  by  a  thirty-inch 
ever.  Patented,  Nov.  3, 
'91.  Size  of  Machines, 
20  inches  long, i 3  inches 
wide  and  7  inches  deep, 
and  are  so  made  that 
thev  can  be  set  up  on 
brackets  or  in  a  brass- 
molders'  bench.  Also, 
"'  Sub-Plate,  Turn-Over 
Draw  Plate  Machines," 
under  O'Connor's  Pa- 
tent, (No.  438,821), 
dated  October  21,  1S90, 
for  molding  rapidly  and 
accurately,  Door  and  Pad  Locks  and  like  articles  having 
holes,  studs  or  posts  in  them.  No  Draft  or  Patterns  are 
needed,  thereby  Saving  Considerable  Metal.  Prices  are  very 
reasonable. 


AD  VER  TISEMEXTS 


THE  FA^f^EH  BfJOTHEl^S  CO., 


MANUFACTURFRS    OF 


METALLIC  SPRING   BEDS 

No.     4     ARTIZAN      STREET, 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

The  Winchester  Repeating  Shot  Gun 


IS    THE    ARM 


FOR     police:    on     riox    duty 

The  Chicago  Police  used  it  during  the  Anarcliist  Riot, 


Send  for  Cataloj^iic  of  Rijles,  Shot   Guns  and  Ai)uiiiinition  to 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  CO,, 

NEIW      HAVEN,      CONN. 

The  John  E.  Bassett  &.  Co., 

754  CHAPEL  STREET,    ;     ;     ;    320  STATE  STREET, 

DEALERS    IN 

KINE  CI^TTLERY  aod  HAKOW^ARE, 

GARDEiV     H08E.     L.AAVX     3IO^VER.S.     WI^'DO^^     SCREENS, 

MECHAMCS'  TOOLS,  BUILDERS'  HARDWARE, 

ROPES     AAD     TWIXE. 

AGEIN-rS        F=-OR        LOVELL.       BICVCLEIS, 
Cusllloii,  S95.00.  Pneumatic,  $115.00. 


A  D  VER  TISEMENTS 


GEO.  E.  DANN,  Pres.       E.  N.  CARRINGTON,  Sec.        FRED.  T.  BRADLEY,  Treas. 

THE 

Bradley,  Dann  &  Carrington  Co., 

DKAr.KRS    IN 

AGRICULTURAL    IMPLEMENTS, 
WOODENWARE    and 

HARDWARE  SPECIALTIES. 

Cor.  STATE  AND  COURT  STREETS,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 

Buckingham,  Clark  &  Jackson, 

.Succes.sois  to  F.  S.  BRADLEY  &  CO., 

Wholesale  Hardware  Merchants, 

flnd   fnanufactupers'  Agents, 

294,  296  anil  298  STATE  STREET,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN, 

\VM.  W.  BUCKINGHAM.        WM.  S.  CLARK.         ARTHUR  H.  JACKSON, 


CURTISS    &    PIERPONT, 

DEALERS   IN 

FURNACES,  COOKINfi  RANGES,  PARLOR  ami  COOKING  STOVES 

Manufacturers  of  (Talvaiiized  Iron  Cornice,  Copper,  Tin 
and   Sheet  Iron    Ware. 

Plumbing,    Steam    and    Gas    Fitting    in    all    their    Branches. 

JOBBI]\G     DOIVE     AT     SHORT     IVOTICE. 

272-2I4  Elm  Street,  Jiiuctiou  Broadway,  New  Hayeii,  Coini. 


J.    WHEATON   STONE,  FRED.   B.    FARNSWORTH,  HARRY   B.   BROWN, 

J/'i^r  Brick  M'ch'y  D' pt .  Prcs.  and  Treas.  Secretary 

THE   McLAGON    FOUNDRY  CO., 

IRON  FOUNDERS, 


MACHINISTS, 

PATTERN   MAKERS, 

BLACKSMITHS 

Builders  of  the   "New  Haven"   Brick  jSIachinc  and  Special 

^Machinery. 
JOBBING     IN     ALL.     BRANCHEIS. 


AD  VER  TISEMENTS 


FREDERICK  HOWSHIELD, 

^174    to    206    BASSETT    STREET,-^ 
NEW    Haven,    Conn. 

Manufacturer  of  and  Dealer  in 

CARRIA&ES,  BU&dlES  AND  WAGONS,  HARNESS  AND  ROBES, 

Also  Carriagre  Wood   Work. 

IV,    IV.    MINER.  G.    W.    PECK.  S.    RECK. 

Miner  &  Peck  Manufacturing  Co., 

(Successors  to  Beecher  &  Peck,) 

MANUFACTURERS      OF 

PECK'S  PATENT  DROP  PRESS.  BLAST  FORGES, 

STEEL.     AND     IRON     DROP     PORGINGS, 

LLOYD  aM  RIYER  STREETS,  NEW  HAYEN,  CONN. 

JAMEIS    GRAHAM     Sl    OO., 

BRASS      FOUNDERS, 

2  03     Wooster     Street. 

The  leading  and  most  important  representative  of  the  brass  foundry  interests  of  New- 
Haven  is  that  of  Messrs.  James  Graham  &  Co.,  founded  in  i86i  by  Mr.  James  Graham, 
the  present  firm,  composed  of  the  founder  and  Mr.  Charles  E.  Graham,  having  been  insti- 
tuted in  i88o.  The  products  of  the  house  consist  of  all  kinds  of  brass,  bronze  and  compo- 
sition castings,  and  the  firm  are  also  manufacturers  of  all  grades  of  Babbitt  metal  and  their 
own  patent  nickel  bronze  center  car  journal  bearings.  The  trade  ot  this  house  extends 
throughout  the  United  States,  and  their  bearings  are  in  use  on  a  number  of  foreign  rail- 
roads, notably  on  the  government  railroads  in  Australia.  The  members  of  the  firm  are 
both  closely  identified  with  the  industrial  development  of  this  city,  and  Mr.  James  Gra- 
ham is  also  President  of  Bear  Valley  Irrigation  Co.  of  California,  and  vice- President  of  the 
Boston  Buckboard  &  Carriage  Co.,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  these  enterprises.  He 
has  also  served  the  community  in  both  branches  of  the  State  legislature  for  a  number  of 
terms. 

F.   H.   RUSSELL, 
LUMBER    MERCHANT, 

Columbus  Avenue, 
Water  and  Portsea  Streets, 

NEW     HAVEIN     CONN. 


.inj'/-:/r/'/sKA//:\  /  s  ^xi 

ADAM  SAl  riG.  C.KO.   F.  CERNKR 

SATTIG   &    GERNER, 

Dl.AI.KKS  IN  ALL  KINDS  OK  Fl  RSI-CLASS 

GROCERIES  AND  CHOICE  MEATS 

Fruits  a  Specialty. 
860    Sc   Se^   STA-TEI    STREIEIX. 


E.  G.  Stoddard.  A.  H.  Kimberly.  C.  B.  Gilbert. 

STODDARD,    KIMBERLY   &   CO., 
Wholesale  Gpoceps, 


AND    IMPORTERS   OF 


MOLASSES,  TEAS,  CIGARS, 

AND 

TABLE  DELICACIES. 

Sole     A9ei)bs      for     Pillslnii-y'^     and     Ccre^cU'a     Fl( 
'-J13  =  21o  Water  St  ,  ISTew  Haven,  Coiari, 


For    your    Security    we    Arrest    your    attention 

To  the  well-know  ti  name 
Which  is  a  guarantee  to  you  of  perfect  safety.      When  desiring  to  use  the  best 

gpead    pioar,   S^l^-Paising   pioar,    guekmheat  op  Qereals, 
Insist   on   having  "Heckers'." 


A  D  VER  TISEMEXTS 


H.  L.  ANDREW  I  CO., 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers 


I  N 


CHOICE  MEATS 


AND 


PROVISIONS, 

VEGETABLES,  EGGS,  BUTTER, 
CHEESE,   ETC. 

Centet'  of  City  fllarket 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


\  lANDl.NK. 
for  Meals.  Fish  and  i^ai 

OCEAN  WAVK. 
for  Shrimp,  Lohslers, 

Oysters,  Clams,  . 

PEARL, 

IVir  Cream. 

SNOW  FLAKE. 

for  Milk  aii.l  Butter. 

OYSTER 

PRESERVATIVE, 

fur  Oysters  e.\i-Iusivel\ 


APrr.K  T/sr..\fEXTs 


Tlie  HiuiMoii  PreservaliTe  Co 


SPECIAL 
'  OCEAN   WAVE, 


Sdle  I'rttprietors  and  Maniifartiirprs  of 

"REX     MAGNUS," 

Tlie   Food   Preservative, 

139  PARK  STREET, 
New  Haven,  .  Conn,     '•►^''"tivk 

'  riirk  Sausatres. 


for  .lams,  .lellie.-.  pir. 

NEPTCNE, 

lor  (Ivy   salte.l   and   l...iieU>.- 

CrMlti>h. 

ANTI-KKRMEN  T. 

for  Cider,  el. . 

MNEtiAR    ANTI-MOLn. 

I..r  l'i<kle<l  Meats,    Piekles, 

Catsiiji,  ele. 

SAUSAGE 


"   ^  241  StateSt.  New  Haven, 


SEAMLESS  RUBBER  CO., 

MAXUPACTURERS      OF 

DRUGGISTS'        SUNDRIEIS, 

Moulded    Work    a    Specialty. 

"^  DAGGETT  STREET,    NEW   HAVEN,  CONN. 

S.F.  FOOTE,  Sec.  and  Trea.s.  D.  U.  MARTIN,  (icn  1  Mang  Saloman. 


AD  VER  TI  SEME  NTS 


KoR    Laroest  Assortnient  ok 

CARPETS  ai)c{  WALL   PAPERS, 

AT      LOWEST      PRICES, 

—(4(1  TO— 

li.   I^OTHCHltitD   St  BROTHER, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Warerooms, 
NOS.  683-685-687-689  GRAND  AVENUE,        NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 

DIRECT    IMPORTER   OF 

PERSIAN   -I   TURKISH    RUGS, 

Embroideries,      Etc. 

940   CHAPEL   STREET, 
NEW     HAVKN,    .     .    CONNECT  ICX_IT, 

— ^>S^^Juclges  Cave  Cigar  Manufactory.^ 

Frederick  D.  Grave, 

MANUFACTURER    .'.    OF    •-.    CIGARS, 

Importer  and  Packer  of  Leaf  Tobacco, 

CORNER  STATE   and    WOOSTER   STS. 

NEW     HAVEN,      CONN. 

M.     ZUNDEIR     6c     SONS, 
IMPORTERS  AND  JOBBERS,  Foreign  Produce.  Tobaccos,  Wines,  Liquors, 

253,  255  AND  257  STATE  STREET. 

This  Firm  was  Founded  toity  years  ago  by  Mr.  Maier  Zunder,  the  senior  member.  Associated  with  him  are 
his  two  sons,  Albert  and  Theodore,  and  his  stepson,  Albert  A.  Rosenthal.  The  firm  is  noted  for  importing  the 
choicest  Brandies,  Rums,  Gins,  Rhine  Wines,  Clarets,  in  fact  all  the  desirable  European  pridiicts  pertaining  to 
the  wine  and  liquor  line.     They  also  handle  a  complete  line  of  the  better  quantities  ot  domestic  goods. 

THEY  ARE  THE  LARGEST  JOBBERS  OF  TOBACCOS  IN  THE  EAST.  ^   ^. 

The  very  best  qualities  of  Swiss  Cheese.  <Tcrman  B.dotjna.  Holland  and  Scotch  Herrings,  French  Sardines  and 
other  delicacies  niav  be  obtained  always  at  lowest  market  prices. 

The  "  Roisdorf  "  and  "Rheus'"  Mineral  Waters,  which  are  "the  best  table  water?  in  the  world,  are  imported 
at  short  intervals,  and  are  consequently  always  fresh  and  invigorating. 

Messrs.  M.  Zunder  and  Sons  are  also' agents  for  the  Xovth  German  Lloyd's  Red  Star  Hamburg  Packet  Co., 
and  the  Netherlands  American  Steamship  Co.,  plying  between  Bremen  and  Hamburg  and  New  York,  and  they 
furnish  cabin  and  steerage  passage  at  lowest  rates,  and  all  necessary  infimiation.  Passage  may  .nlso  be  secured 
from  them  by  any  other  Trans-Atlaatic  lines.  They  also  isiue  drafti'pay,il<le  in  -iny  part  of  Euroj;'e,  and  traiisact 
all  busitiess' incident  to  a  ge0er.1l  steaiflsbip  agency.  Mr.  M.  Zunder  is  also  Presiaent  of  the  ^atioual  Savings 
Bank  ;  a  Director  of  the  MecTianies'  Bank  ;  au  active  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  ;  and  has  served  the 
district  f^'r  over  twenty-two  years  as  a  member  of  the  Beard  of  Education,  which  made  bim  the  senior  in  tht 
board. 


AD  VER  TISEMEX  TS 


,C?     .v,^> 


'V'    .^       N^     v'    o    tJ?  <:.^  ^ 


THE  L   CANDEE  &  CO., 

Corner  East  and  Green  Streets, 
Manufacture  Daily  20,000  Pairs 

t^UBBE{^  BOOTS  AHD  SHOES. 


HENRY  L.  HOTCHKISS,  Pres. 


CHAS.  L.  JOHNSON,  Treas. 


WHOLESALE  DEALERS   IN 

BOOTS,  SHOES  ^^  RUBBERS, 
306  bo  312  Skabe  Street, 

NEW   HAVEN,  CONN. 


TheEmpipeand  Hew  England  Tpansportation  Co.'s 

FREIGHTING  to  all  POINTS  ON  LONG  ISLAND  SOUND. 
GEO.    B.    MARTIN,    GEN'L.  MANAGER. 


COMPARTMENT    COAL    BARGES,      Carrying  from   200  to   1000  tons   each. 

About  125  tons  to  each  compartment. 

Each  Size  of  Coal  Kept  Separate  and  Under  Cover. 

FLEET  OF  130  BARGES.    6    TUGS. 


OFFICES  : 


\   ROOM  187,  No.  1  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 
'  WATER,  cor.  EAST  ST.,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


AD  VER  TI  SEME  NTS 


OAK  HALL  CLOTHING  CO., 

FINE    AND     MEDIUM 

READY    MADE   CLOTHING, 
Largest  Stock.    Lowest  Prices. 

Boy's  and  Children's  Clothing  a  Specialty. 
51  CHURCH  STREET,    t.  a.  wyre,mo„^ 

MEN  DEL  &  FREEDMAN/^"!^VJ"Syifl"t™er 

One  of  the  most  extensive  and  representative  retail  furnishing  goods  stores 
in  New  Haven  is  that  of  Messrs.  Mendel  and  Freedman,  and  the  only  one  in 
the  city  which  carries  a  full  and  complete  line  of  gentlemen's  and  ladies' 
furnishing  goods  exclusively.  Although  the  junior  of  many  of  its  competi- 
tors, having  been  founded  in  1S86,  its  management  has  developed  such  a  ca- 
pacity for  attracting  trade  and  holding  it,  that  already  its  transactions  far 
outstrip  those  of  some  of  its  older  rivals.  The  firm  carry  in  their  commodious 
salesrooms  a  complete  stock  of  fine  and  medium  grades  of  ladies'  and  gents' 
furnishing  goods,  embracing  fine  underwear,  hosiery,  corsets,  gloves,  collars 
and  cuffs,  men's  shirts,  umbrellas,  and  parasols,  and  the  thousand-and-one 
large  and  small  articles  that  modern  requirements  demand  to  make  up  a 
lady's  or  gentleman's  wardrobe.  The  members  of  the  firm  are  Isidor  Freed- 
man and  Adolph  Mendel,  both  gentlemen  of  experience  in  the  business,  and 
thoroughly  alive  to  the  wants  of  the  trade. 

WILLIAM     M.     KING, 

Manufacturer  of 

SAILS,  TENTS,  AWNINGS, 

FIiRGS,   COVHHS,  ETC. 

All  made  in  the  best  manner,  and  warranted 
to  give  satisfaction.  Cotton  Duck,  Sail  Twine, 
Sail  Needles,  Old  Canvas,  etc.  Old  Sails 
bought  and  sold.  To  Rent,  Tents  of  all  Sizes, 
from  Canvas  Pavilions,  100  feet,  down  to 
7  feet.  Also  side-walk  Canopies  for  Weddings, 
Parties,  etc 

205  Lon^  Wharf,  New  Hayen,  Conn. 

N~EW    HAVeN     ice    CO., 

Office,  191  Orange  Street. 

Few  Corporations  enjoy  a  higher  reputation  in  this  city  than  does  the 
New  Haven  Ice  Company.  The  Company  owns  a  number  of  immense  store- 
houses, which  are  filled  in  the  winter,  and  they  gather  in  their  ice  harvest 
from  Saltonstall  and  Whitney  Lakes.  The  city  of  New  Haven  is  supplied 
with  water  from  these  lakes,  which  is  pure,  as  has  been  declared  by  analysis. 
The  ice  is  free  from  imperfections,  very  transparent  and  superior  in  every 
respect.  When  so  much  attention  is  paid  to  the  sanitary  condition  of  food 
and  water,  people  should  know  where  the  ice  comes  from  that  they  consume. 
The  New  Haven  Ice  Co.  makes  a  specialty  of  supplying  families,  hotels, 
stores  and  all  retail  trades  Mith  ice  in  quantities  to  suit.  The  rates  of  charges 
for  ice  are  reasonable  and  the  service  is  prompt  and  reliable.  The  officers  of 
the  company  are  John  L.  Treat,  President,  and  F,  F.  Bishop.  Secretary  and 
Treasurer. 


A  D  VER  TI SEMEN  TS 


New  Haven  Decorating  Co., 

AVm.    McGUATII,    M'g'r, 

DECORATORS    OF    BUILDINGS 

For    Celebrations    in    any    part    of    the    Country. 
HALL  DECORATIONS  FOR  BALLS,  FAIRS,  ETC.,  A  SPECIALTY 

Siflewali  Caiiopies  and  Crash  Fiiriiislieil  wlieu  desired 
181  MEADOW  STREET,  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 

J.    WOLCOTT,    PRES.  C.    J.    PARRET,    SECY  AND    TREAS. 

THE  WOLCOTT  &  PARRET  CO., 

House  and  Sign  Painting, 

Graiijiijo,  Wood  Fillii)6,  ai)d  Paper  Hap^irjd^, 
Sy  ORANGE  Street,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

T.    W.    CORBEZTX, 

WOOD  AND  SLATE  MANTELS, 

ARTISTIC  TILE,  BRASS  AND  WROUGHT  IRON  FIRE-PLACE  GOODS, 

STOVES,    RANGES,   STEAM    AND   HOT-AIR    FURNACES, 
RLUMBING,     STEAM     AND     CBAS      F-IT-riNG, 

GALVANIZED    CORNICE   AND    SHEET   IRON   WORK. 

29  and  31  BROADWAY,         -  -  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 

CONNECTICUT  CONCRETE  CO., 

Concrete  ^  and  ^  Asphalt  ^  Paving 

For  Walks,  Driveways,  Stables,  Factories,  Etc. 

OFFICE  :  WORKS  : 

49  Ctiiircti  Street,  Room  2.    West  Ctiapel  and  WMtteinore  Streets. 

NEW      HAVEN,      CONN. 
J.  H.  MacDONALD,  President.  Turfing  and  Grading. 


A  D I  ^EK  TISEMEA '  TS 


flDA^S  HOUSE, 

08  GEORCxE  STREET, 
\izxjx  Hsiven,  Conn, 

BOARD,  ^1.50  per   Day. 

MRS.  J.  SANDS,  •    •  Proprietor. 


Dayton  Hotel, 

289  Wooster  Street, 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 
The  house  has  been  thoroughly  reno- 
vated and  refurnished  throughort. 
REGULAR  RATES,  $1.50  TO  $2.00  PER  DAY. 
Special    rates  to    Theatrical    People, 
Commercial  Men  and  Permanent  Board- 
ers.    Everj'thiug   First-class.    Central 
.  for   Boats   and   Trains,   American  and 
i  European  Plan. 
I  E.  I.  CLARK,  Propbietob. 


DURANT  HOTEL, 

NEW   HAVEN,   CONN., 
128,  130,  132  State  St., 

{Ni'ar  Union  and  Derby  Dt'/>c>ts.) 

Special  Rates  to  Coniniercial  Travelers. 

FRED.  A.  DURANT,  Prop. 


ELLIOTT   HOUSE, 

-^W^  HAYEX,  CONN. 

diapel.  cor.  Oliye  Street, 

Sam'l     H.     Crane,     Prop'r. 

First  Class.       Pleasantly  located. 

On  the  Principal  Business  Street. 
Accessible    by    Horse    Qus    to     Railroads, 
Stea»il>oats  and  ail  Parts  0/  tlie  City. 
Cars  pass  tlie  House. 

Rates,  $2.50,  $3.00  and  $3.50  p.  Day. 


Hotel  Brunswick, 

111  aiift  113  Court  SL 


KENWICK  HOUSE. 

928    CHAPEL   STREET, 


iCoriiei'  Temple.) 


NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.     1  Location  very  Central. 


Cafe  and  Dining  Rooms. 

Sample  Rooms  Couuected. 
J.    B.    MANIGAN,    Proprietor. 

S3. 00   Per   Day. 


Elegant  Rooms  En  Suite  or  Single. 
First- Class  Accommodations  for  Tran- 
sient or  Regular  Boarders. 

Special  Rates  for  Professional  People. 

MRS.  K.  T.  CONNELLY,  Pro. 


THE  ALDRICH  HOUSE 

160  State  Street, 
NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 

SPECIAL  RATES  TO  PROFESSION. 


W.  W.  Cameron,    -   Proprietor. 
Geo.  M.  Cameron   -   Cleric. 


PAVILION  HOTEL, 

H.  A.  WALKER,      -     -      Proprietor. 

One  Block/rovt  the  Depots.    Horse  Cars 

pass  every  Jive  jninutes. 

JUST    RENOVATED    THROUGHOUT. 

MODERN     IMPROVEMENTS. 

RATES,  $2.00  PER  DAY. 
40   MEADOW    STREET, 

NEW  HAVEN,  -  -  -  CONN. 


A  D  VER  TISKMKNTS 


PINGREE  HOUSE, 

64  and  66  center  ST., 
NEW    HAVEN,    CONN. 
Rooms,  50c.  and  75c.  per  day. 

Meals  at  all  hours. 

Special  Rates  to  Commercial  Men. 

EVERYTHING     NEW. 

J.  D.  PINGREE,       .        .        .        Manager. 


T   H   R 


THE  ARLINGTON, 

152  and  154  Meadow  Street, 

(Near  Consi.liihiU.a  .'in.!    D.'rI.y  D.-pnts) 

NEW    HAVEN,    CONN. 


RICHMOiXM)  HOUSli. 

91,  93,  95  UNION  STREET, 

In  The  Center  of  the  City, 

r^cu-i  Ha^en,    -     -^    Conn. 

HUGH     W.    MORTOIV,    Prop. 


Picites  to  Traveling  Companies. 

Come  once  and  you  will  come  again. 


■  >' ■ .  ii '■ 


Rates,  -  $2.00  Per  Day. 

B.  T.  BUELL.  Pro.     L  S.  Sbepard,  Klerk. 


WINTHROP  HOUSE, 

468  State  Street, 
I  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 

I  This  House  has  been  Newly  Refitted  with 
I  all  Modern  Improvements,  including  Steam 
j  Heat,  etc. 

TERMS,  PER  DAY,  $1.50. 
{  Special   Rates   to   Coramercial  Men  and  I'ermanent 
i  Boarders. 

\V.  G.  GUNNING,  Proprietor. 


THE  GLOBE  HOTEL, 

322, 324  WOOSTIB  ST. 


T.  A.  MCCAFFERY. 


C.  F.  TUTTLE, 

Wliolesale  ami  Retail  Dealer  in 
Liprs,  Wines,  etc. 

CHOICE  FAMILY    GROCERIES,  TEAS,  COFFEES, 
SPICES,  ETC. 

21       BROADWAY, 

New  Haven,  Conn. 


WM.  J.  SHEEHAN,        M.  BERGMAN, 

IMPORTER  OF  WINES  AND  LldUORS. '    ^'''''TJl^^,  '''''l^J::'X 
u     1  11?      wi-1-       39  •  UNION  .  STREET, 

Bourbon    ana    Rye   T\hiskies,    ^^      NEW  HAYEN,  CONN. 

In  Bond  and  Tax  Paid.  sole  Agent  for  and  bottler  of 

Frank   Joues'   Portsmoiitli  Ale  in     A.    Fiuck   it    SOHS'    N.    Y.    LaffCr, 


Hlicis,  Bbls,  and   Halves. 

and  180  State  Street, 


And 
Bartholomay's  Rochester  Stock  Lager. 


,'lra.dTe.rZ..     New  Haven,  C0Dn.:Orae..s<,eHve.e.^,to  an.    part   „,the 


AD  VER  TISEMENTS 


J.  D.  DEWELL  &  CO,, 
Wholesale  Grocers 

—AND  —  ' 

IMPORTERS, 

233  to  239  State  Street, 

NEW  HAVEN,  -        CONNECTICUT. 


CRESCENT  MILLS. 

JOHN  P.  AUGUR, 

— WHOLESALE    DEALER    IX — 

Teas,  Coffees, 

^       AND  SPICES,  ^ 

24-5  apd  24:7   Sbabe  Sbreeb, 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


The  Hem  York  Biseuit  Company, 


A.  C.  Blenner  &  Co., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


NEW  HMEN  BISEUIT  gOMPANY'S, 

Ci?flGKEi?s.^^f  flfiGY  Biscuits, 

118  to  126  STATE  STREET, 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


CHOW-CHOW, 

Lincolnshire  Sauce',  Catsup,   Salad 

Oils,  Mustards,  Vinegar,  Horse 

Radish,  Sauer  Kraut  and  Jellies. 

LAUNDRY  BLUE. 

Packers  of  Lambs'  Tongue,  Pigs'  Feet, 

Tripe  and  Ox  Mouth. 

141  STATE  STREET.  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


Julius  Prokasky,    \  betts  &  Rumm, 

—DEALERS    IN  — 

fiestaurant  and  Bq^^'ploaf.  Grain, 


72-78  CENTER  STREET, 

New  Haven,  Conn. 


Feed,  Hay  and  Straw, 
Office,  2  WHITNEY  AVENUE, 
Warehouse.  437  EAST  STREET. 


EDWARD  BOYHAN,    I     ABNER  HENDEE, 


DEALER   IN 


SUCCESSOR  TO 


poar,  JVIeal,  Jjay,  Straui,  Qats, 

Ground  Feed  and  SMp  Stuffs. 
Nos.  552  &  554  Grand  Ave., 


NEW  HAVEN, 


CONNECTICUT. 


T).  B.  CRITTENDEN  &  CO., 

Flour, -Grain, -Hay, 

156  &  158  STATE  Street, 

NEW   HAVEN,  CONN. 


AD  VER  TI  SEMEN  TS 


P.  J.   Cronan, 


MANl'FACTURER  OF 


G.  J.  MOFFATT, 

PAPER  BAi'aM  imOPES, ^.^^^       ^^^ „e 

Piiiitei- and  Bookbinder.        |  PArhK      '.      DUXhb, 

W  1io16S'\1g   Dccilcr  in  I 

Paper,  Stationery,  Notions,  Etc.  '  Corner  Wall  and  Slale  Slreels, 

495, 497, 499 ,111(1501  STATE STKEET,       N^^'    haven, 


NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


CONN 


A.  Mansfield. 


L.  A.  Mansfield. 


De  Forest  &  Holclitlss  Co., 

LUMBER  MERCHANTS 

115  Water  Street, 

(^('or.    BreAvery,) 

NEW  HAYEN,  ,   .   ,  CONN, 

ESTABLISHED  1847. 


Austin  Maiisiielfl  &  Sod, 
LUiMBERlCOAL 

505  GEA^'D  AVENUE, 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


c.  A.  McCaffrey, 
COAL. 

OFFICE  AND   YARD 

65   Mill    Street, 
NEW  HAVEN, CONN 

Telephone     C'oninmnication. 


Williams  &  Peters, 

I  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


W.  S.  Wells, 
New  Haven. 


WILLIAMS,  WELLS  &  CO,, 

Wholesale  Dealers  and  Shippers  of 
All  kinds   of   Antliracite    and   Bi- 
tuminous 

O  O  A  L_S, 

Shiiimeiits  iiiaili-  "All  Rail"  diivrl  Iroui   Mines  aiul  fo; 
delivery  to  all  iK.iMis  on 

LONG    ISLAND   SOUxMD. 

No.  36  MEADOW  ST., 

(Opposite  Union  Pass.  Depot,) 

NEW     HAVEN,     CONN. 


David  H.  Clark, 

BUILDER  AND  CONTRACTOR, 

Office   and    Factory, 

Nos,  166  and  168  Brewery  Street, 
NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 

Cabinet  and   Hardwood 
Work  a  Specialty. 

—  Teleplione     Conneetloii.  — 


S.  .1.  HOGGSON,  Pres.  GEO.  C.  PETTIS,  Tre.<»s. 

WM.  J.  I10G(iS()N.  Sec. 

The  Hoggson  &  Pettis  Mfg.  Co., 

:M.'VNrFAGTrRERS  OK 

STEELl  RUBBER  STAMPS 

ROLL-ENGRAVING,    HEEL    MOULDS 
AND  RUBBER  MF'RS  SUPPLIES. 

Also  manufacturers  of  "  The  Sweetland  Chuck,"  Lathe 
Chucks  for  siiecial  work,  Tvpe-writer^  Special  Machin- 
ery, Dies,  Tools,  etc..  Cut(in<r   Die^   for  Rubber,  Cloth, 
Paper,  etc. 

64  to  70  Court  St., 

NEW     HAVEN,     CONN.,     V.    S.    A. 

(,E.Uublishe,l    1h4'.i.f 


AD  VER  TISEMENTS 


ESTABLISHED  l>5h. 


THE  EDGE! OOD  CO.,       Thomson  &c:o., 

AT  TTo      ^T^       Pnnn      ^'^^     ^^^     ^\i^^U     PFOOf    SafeS, 

JN  GTV       Jl1.3;VGI1^       V-'Olill.      Chronometer  and  Combination  Locks  in  great 

variety.       Steel  Vault  Linings  and  Doors  for 

BRASS  FOUNDERS,  WORKERS  ^^^^$^^^^;^^^ 

A  ¥ri     T^m^TQUrD^  Drawers,  all  at  Manufacturers'  Prices. 

nilU     niiriiUOnLilOi  Secoud-Hana   Safes    at    very    liOW 

j  Prices. 

FIRE     DEPARTMENT     SLIDING     Repairin,,  in  all  j/^  «J-' I^^ '^„  ^...^^^ 

POLES  A  SPECIALTY.  ^^^^     HAVEN,     CONN. 


JOHN  S.F.PENriELD&  SON, 


—MANUFACTURERS   OF- 


Louse. 


dick;ehma]si 
^  KLORIST^ 

.  Y^  CHAPEL    STREET, 

J*iO\A76f    X^OLS  Opposite  New  Haven  Opera  He 

\  '  FOR 

Cut  Flowers  of  the  Choicest  and  Freshest 

StOVeTubeS,  Seed  Pans,  etc..  Varieties.      Aiso    Floral    Designs   of  every 

'  '  '  Description  at  very  Lowest  Prices  possible. 

RIVER  STREET,  foot  of  Blatchlhv  Ave.  Hoses    a    Specialty. 

FRIEND  E.  BROOKS,    '     HENRY  G.  SIMON, 

Maker  of 

Hats,  iFunks  and  \m,  ^''*'"*'^  ^".L"'*"""^' 

i     Interior  Decorations, 

795  Chapel  Street,  1078    CHAPEL  ST., 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 

Ne^v  Heivei;,  Coi^i;.  DESIGN'S  AND  ESTIMATES  FURNISHED. 

HE^nv  HiLii^WiAN,       HAUFF  BROS., 


AVlinlesale  and  Retail  Dealer  an.l  Man.it 


.•TLREi;s  OK 


CHOICE  GONFECTIOSEKY.  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^  ^ 


AM)- 


STEAM  ICE  CREAM,  Church  and  Chapel  Sts., 

1082  and  1084  Chapel  Street.  new  haven,  conn, 


A  D  VER  T I  SEMEN  TS 


Joseph  Kreutler.  Sam  Kreutler. 


PERRV'S 


The  White  House   Carpet  Warerooms, 


-IMPORTERS    OF— 


FlNE-J^miliLiUNlEt^V, 

wholesale  and  retail. 
825-827  Grand  Ave.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


A  Safe  and  Reliable  Place  io  Buy. 
-<\-\.     B.     PEIRRV^ 

aiA   CHAPEL.   STREET. 


JAMES  W.  BRINE, 


dealer  in 


men's  Furnishing 

AND 

Sporting  Goods, 

m\-\m  CHAPEL  STREET.  .\EW  HAVEN,  COM 


THE  BAUMANN  RUBBER  CO., 

Manufacturers  ol 

ID  Rnlilier 

And  all  kinds  of 

DRUGGISTS'  SUNDRIES, 
Cor.  Congress  Ave  and  Dt^fi^ett  Street, 

NEW     HAVEN,     CONN. 

New   York   Office:    51    LEONARD    ST. 


1838.  1885.  1891. 

THE  NEW  HAVEN  CARRIA&E 
and  WA&ON  CO,, 

5  to  19  Franklin  a  10!)  (0 121  River  St. 

NEW   HAVEN,  CONN. 

A    History    and   Reputation   Unparal- 
leled.   Latest  and  most  Artistic  De- 
signs.     Broughams,    Victorias, 
Cabriolets,  Rockaways,  Fan- 
cy Driving  Traps,  Light 
Carriages. 
A     CALL.     COSTS     NOTHING. 


LEE  J.  AUBRY, 

BUILDER  OF  FLl  CARRIAGES, 

Ironed  in  the  White  for  the  Trade, 

Of  all  the  leading  styles  of  light  and 
heavy  work. 

ALL  gTYLEg  OF  PLATFORM  gBAR  IRONS 
TO  ORDER. 

139  Park  Street, 

New  Haven,  Conn. 


FRED.   R.   BETTS, 

—DEALER  IN— 

FLOUR,  GRAIN  AND  FEED, 

HAY  AND  STRAW, 

Grain  Warehouse,  437  EAST  STREET, 

Hay  Warehouse,  115  RAILROAD  AVE. 
Office,   533   GRAND  AVENUE. 

Telephone  No.  23-2. 


Tbe  E.  B.  Sheldoi;  Co., 

ELECTROTYPERS 

BOOK-PRINTERS,  AND 
ENGRAVERS, 

101403-105  Meadow  R,    New  Hiven,  Konn 


AD  VER  TISEMENTS 


««S  STflt^Ifl'S  ^1^ 

pw  P!EN  JMNSPORIAIION I II 


■  iiaiiaiiai 


E  S  "T  A  B  L  I  S  H  K  D       18  7  4.. 

JNO.  H.  STARIN,  Proprietor. 

I         JOHN     H.    STfll^iN, 

Steoiners    j    "^-  ^-  ^^.f^^°^' 

i  ERRSTUS    CORNING. 

DAILY,    SATURDAY    EXCEPTED, 

Between  New  York  and  New  Haven.  Leaving  New  York 
from  Pier  i8,  foot  of  Cortlandt  Street,  at  9  o'clock,  P.  M., 
connecting  at  New  Haven  with  all  early  morning  trains. 
Leaving  New  Haven  from  Pier  on  Water  Street,  foot  of 
Brown,  at  10.  i^  o'clock,  P.  M.,  connecting  at  New  York  with 
all  railroads  and  steamship  lines. 

FARE,  WITH  BERTH,  yjc. 

EXCURSION,  $i.2j. 

STATE  ROOM,  $i.oo. 

Freight  billed  throngh  to  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Wash- 
ington, and  all  points  West  and  South-West,  at  New  York 
Rates.  Also  all  Southern  points  reached  by  steamer  and  rail 
from  N.  Y.     Consignments  solicited. 

W.  C.  EGERTON,  Gen.  Agent.       W.  B.  MILLER,  Agent. 


A  D  VER  TI  SEMEN  TS 


New  Haven  Electric  Co., 

215  GEORGE  STREET. 

Thanks  to  the  progressive  sj.iril  of  :»  few  resolute  ami  iiiHueiitial  citizens  New  Haven  was  one  of  the  first  cities 
to  aiioj>t  the  eleitrie  liirlit.  ami  in  issl  the  i)resent  New  Haven  Klectric  Co.  was  organized  and  began  fiiriiishinc 
lipht  and  power.  At  present  the  faiilities  of  tin-  roiiipaiiy  emtirace  ensinei  of  1,400  horse-power  cap.acity,  and  they 
are  supplying  70()  are  li^rlits  and  ahoiit  S,(M)0  imadeM-ent  lij;hts  daily,  also  yoO  motors.  They  have  about  250  miles  oV 
wfre  extended  ttironuhout  the  city,  and  are  prepared  to  furnish  all  the  li^ht  or  power  that  may  be  demanded,  addi- 
tions l>ein;r  made  to  their  plant  and  facilities  as  occasion  may  ret^uire.  This  company  supplies  the  electricity  at 
loss  cost  than  that  of  fuel,  and  it  is  a  mere  matter  of  time  when  electric  motors  will  entirely  supersede  tlie  use  of 
all  other  agents  for  driving  small  machinery.  New  Haven  enjoys  all  the  facilities  for  being  the  best  lighted  city 
in  America,  through  the  opportunities  afforded  by  the  New  Haven  Electric  Co.  The  executive  ofticers  of  the 
company  are  F.  A.  (iilliert.  President ;  James  English,  Secretary  and  Treasurer:  and  E.  K.  Parker,  Super- 
intendent. Thus  it  will  lie  seen  the  nianagetnent  is  in  the  hands  of  gentlemen  of  intlueiice  and  character,  whose 
interesi  in  the  industrial  and  conuiiercial  welfare  and  advancement  of  New  Haven  is  of  the  greatest  order. 


THE  CELLULOID  STARCH  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    OF    CELLULOID   STARCH, 

WORKS  ON  PROUT  STREET. 

The  Celluloid  Starch  Co.,  of  which  Read  and  Miner  are  Proprietors,  was  inaugurated 
ill  April,  1886,  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  a  newly  invented  laundry  starch,  which 
since  become  widely  known  all  over  the  country  as  CVIlul.iid  St.arch.  This  starch 
sesses  many  advantages  over  most  other  makes  of  lauudry  starch.  It  requires  no 
kirit;,  is  easy  to  use,  economical  in  its  use,  and  iniiiart-  an  cUirant  polish  to  the  goods. 
It  is  .lesiirned  chietly  for  tine  laundry  work,  and  lias  no  .iiual  for  collars  and  cufts, 
givini;  a  smooth,  elastic  finish  impossible  to  be  obtained  by  tlie  use  of  any  others.  It 
is  everywhere  recognized  to  be  the  finest  laundry  starch  in  the  market,  and  the  demand 
for  it  is  rapidly  increasing  as  its  merits  become  known. 

This  starch  is  made  from  the  very  finest  materials  in  the  market,  and  one  pound  of 
Celluloid  Starch  will  do  as  much  work  and  with  greater  ease  and  satisfaction  than 
double  the  quantity  of  any  other  starch. 


STARCH 


~~5.'3r£?S*^ 


QUINNIPIAC 
Ferry,  River  and 


BREWING  CO., 
East  Pearl  Streets. 


The  Quinnipiac  Brewing  Co.  was  incorporated  in  September,  1885,  though  the  busi- 
ness was  established  some  years  previously,  and  the  plant  is  one  of  the  most  complete  in 
Connecticut.  The  buildings  are  constructed  of  brick,  and  comprise  the  main  brewery,  a 
four-story  structure,  and  other  necessary  buildings.  The  equipment  is  of  the  latest  im- 
proved character,  and  embraces  all  the  most  modern  appliances  for  the  perfection  of  the 
product,  and  is  altogether  a  model  establishment.  The  capacity  of  the  brewery  is  about 
50,000  barrels  annually.  The  company  produce  ale,  porter  and  lager  beer,  and  the  repu- 
tation of  the  concern  for  first-class  products  is  an  enviable  one.  The  best  materials  to  be 
obtained  are  used,  and  as  a  result  a  perfectly  pure  and  healthful  beverage  is  produced, 
which  is  much  sought  after  by  the  trade  and  consumers.  The  officers  of  the  company  are : 
President,  William  Northwood,  Secretary,  William  Spittler,  and  Treasurer,  N.  W.  Ken- 
dall.    The  Quinnipiac  Brewery  is  one  of  the  rising  enterprises  of  New  Haven. 


AIVIKRICAN    CORSKTT  WORKS, 

LEWIS    SOHIEIL-E:    Sc    CO., 
aa,  34  and  36  Franklin  St.     New  York  Office,  498  and  500  Broadway. 

One  of  the  most  successful  and  prominent  corset  manufacturing  firms  in 
this  country  is  that  of  Lewis  Schiele  &  Co.,  which  was  founded  in  New  York 
in  1856,  where  the  headquarters  of  the  firm  still  are  ;  the  New  Haven  factory, 
which  is  known  as  the  American  Corset  Works,  having  been  instituted  in 
1877.  The  products  of  the  Factory  consist  of  a  superior  grade  of  corsets, 
which  are  recognized  throughout  the  trade  as  the  perfection  of  quality,  style, 
design,  and  workmanship,  and  which  have  all  the  desirable  and  easy  wearing 
and  fitting  qualities  of  the  finest  French  corsets,  and  they  are  sold  in  all 
parts  of  the  United  States  by  all  first-class  dry  goods  and  fancy  goods  dealers. 
The  individual  'members  of  the  firm  are  Lewis  Schiele  and  Seligman  Gut- 
man,  both  residents  of  New  York  City. 


A  D I  ^EK  TISEME.\ '  7\V 


C.  A.  MORSE,  President. 


W.  H.  Goodrich,  Sec.  and  Treas. 


The  Metropolis  Mt'G  Co., 


Main   Office   and  Factory  : 

25    Elm    Street,    New    Haven,    Conn. 

r^r^  .  ^T^TTr-r.    (    PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.  MERIDEN  CT. 

RRANCHFS      Bridgeport,  ct.  new  london,  ct. 

jji\r\i^v^iii^^    /    WATERBURY,  CT.  SO.  NORWALK,  CT. 

«Iolin  Bromley  &  Sons'  Rngs  at  Wholesale,  and  a  full  line  of  House- 
liold  Necessities.     Agents'  Headquarters  for  tlie  £ast. 

flEW  •/  HfiVEfl .-.  STEilfflBOflT  •;  GO. 

Tlie  Steamers  of  tliis  Company, 

RICHARD  PECK 

(New  steel  twin  screw,  ready  about  August  i,  1892), 

C.   H.   NORTHAM,   CONTINENTAL  and    ELM    CITY, 

HuDning  betmeen  Hem  Haven  and  Hem  York, 

Leave  as  follows  : 

New  Haven  Belle  Dock,  10.15  A.  M.  and  13  P.  M.     vSundays, 

10.30  P.  M.,  Julv  and  Auo^ust  10.  i^  A.  M. 

New  York   Peck   Slip,  Pier  35  E.  R.,  3  P.  M.  and  11   P.  M. 

Saturdays,  13  P.  M.  and  Sundays,  July  and  August  13  P.  M. 

KARE     T5     CENTS. 

KXCURSION,   good  for   6   days,  Si, 25. 

COMiVIUXATION    BOOKS,   20  trips,  S12.00. 

STATE  ROOIVIS,   $  1  .GO,  $2. GO  and  $3. GO  each. 

Horse   Cars   in   New   Haven  to   and   from    Steamers'   "\Vliarf.       Meals 

served    on    Board. 

.     .■    RICHARD    PECK,    Superintendent. 


T  H  K 


CRYSTAL  ICE  CO., 

Office  : 

US)    CHAPEL    STREET. 


I,.  MEA1».  Siipt.  and  Tre.is. 

Telephone  Connection. 

Residence,    152     DERBY    AVE. 


SMEDLEY  BROS.  &  CO., 

Transfer  Agents  and  Forwarders, 

La.zrst  E.tablisl.u.fut  ..f  its  kind  in  New  Eniclan.]. 

-storage:.- 

Public  Storage  Warehouse  for  Furniture,  Pianos,  Car- 
riases  and  General  Merchandise. 

United  States  Bonded  Warehouse  for  Storage  of  Mer- 
chandise while  in  bond  at  Lowest  Rates. 

Special  Trucks  for  moving  Boilers,  Machinerj-,  Sttine 
and  Safes,  etc. 

Padded  Vans  for  Moving  Furniture,  Pictures  and 
Pianos.  HORSES.  WAGONS  AND  HARNESS. 

OFFICE,  313  STATE  STREET, 

STOKAr.E    WAREHorSE, 

77/  BREWERY  STREET, 

NEW    HAVEN,    CONN. 


A  D  VER  T I  SEMEN  TS 


J, 


IMunufacturer  of 


Soda  and  Mineral  Waters, 

!<arsa[)arill;i.  UiDgor  Ale.  Root  and  Birch  Beer, 
Also  Bottlfi-  of  Fine  Mount 
.      Cariiiel  Cider. 

— :  Bottling  Works  :-^ 

745    DIXWELL   AVENUE, 
NEW    HAVEN,   CONN. 

All  Orders  for  Picnics,  Balls,  &c.,  will 
receive  prompt  attention. 


Frank    Rupple, 

Bottler  of  the  Celebrated 

LoxG    Island   Bhewery   Extra   L\(;kr 

(Of  Brooklyn), 

2()i  WATER  STREliT, 
New  Haven,  .  Conn. 

Orders  will  receive  prompt  attention, 
and  delivered  to  anj'  part  of  the  city. 


CHAS.  R  BASTIAN, 

Choice  Beef,  Pork,  Mutton,  Hams, 

Poultry,  Sausages,  A:c., 

Fi-esli  and  Salt  Flsli, 

Oysters   and   Clams, 

Vegetables. 

763  State  St„  New  HaTeii,  Coim, 


ESTABLISHED     18.51. 

S.  E.  Merwin  &  Son, 
PORK  PACKERS, 

Curers  of  the  "  Elm  City  "  brand 
Hams,  Bacon,  Shoulders. 

354  STATE  STREET, 
NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


THH  THE 

JoufiUflii  ^  PuBiiisHmG  ^  Co.  \  (Dei^ideh  I  DfllliV  I  JOURNflli 

31EKIDEN,    CONN.  MERIDEN,    CONN. 


BOOK  AND  JOB  PRINTERS, 

BOOK  Binders, 

ELECTROTYPERS, 
STEREOTYPERS, 

AND   MANUFACTURERS   OF 

Le.ather  Cases, 
Portfolios,  and 
Specially  Ruled  and 
Printed  account  Books 


THE   ONLY 


[ANUFACTURERS   IN   THE 
STATE    OF 


Silk  Badges,  Stamped  in 
Gold,  Silver  or  ink,  for 
Clubs,  Societies,  Reunions, 
and  Conventions. 


the  best  advertising 
medium  in  the  state 
of  connecticut  .  .  . 

it  has  four  times  the 
circulation  and 
prints  double  the 
news  of  any  paper 
covering  the  center 
of  the  state 

Send  for  Rate  Cards  and  Sample  Copies. 

PUBLISHED    BY 

^\)<z,  •  Jourr)^!  •  ^ublisl)ir)^  •  \Lo. 
MERIDEN,  CONN. 


A  OVER  TISEMEKTS 


KVSNPC{S  IN  THE  LEAD  !  !  ! 

THE  CONNECTICUT  CLOTHING  COMPANY, 
c.  c.  c. 

8 1 3,  815  AND  817    CHAPEL   STREET, 
'Manufacturers  and  Retailers 

MEN'S,  .  BOY'S,  .  and  .  CHILDREN'S 
RELIABLE  .  CLOTHING. 

Our  Motto  : 
"  Popular    Goods    at    Popular    Prices." 


HENDRYX 

Manufactures  Brass,  Bronze,  Steel, 
and  Japanned  Bird  and  Animal  Cages, 
Silver,  Brass,  Nickel  Plated  and  Rub- 
ber Fishing  Reels,  Brass,  Bronze, 
Steel  and  Iron  Jack  and  Safety  Chain, 
Gold,  Gilt  and  Tinned  Wire  Picture 
Cord  and  Cage  Specialties.  Ask  your 
local  inercliant for  "THE  HENDRYX" 
ivarranted  goods.    Catalogue  free. 

THE  ANDREW  B.  HENDRYX  CO., 

New  Haven.  Conn..  U.  S.  A. 


#  • 


V^t/   2-/  ■    /-^y  2- 


University  of 
Connecticut 

Libraries 


39153024819197 


